现在完成时态的讲解.doc

现在完成时态 专题一翻译下列句子1.今天天气是晴朗的。 _2我现在正在学习数学_3他昨天7点半去学校。_4. 他们通常放学后打篮球。_1.一般现在时表示经常发生的事情、存在的动作或状态，内心活动感情、客观真理等。2.现在进行时表示现在正在发生、进行的动作，还可以表示说话人的情感，如赞许、批评和近期按计划或安排要发生的动作等。3.一般过去式表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态、过去经常发生的事情。4.现在完成时表示表示截止现在业已完成的动作、发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作、过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续下去的动作。5.过去完成时表示在过去某时之前已经完成的动作，一直持续到过去某时动作。6. 一般将来时表示将来某个时刻进行的动作，说话人的意图、打算或某种可能性、按计划要发生的动作或命令他人做某事。英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数（现在时）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。动词的基本形式的变法形式构成例如动词原形不做任何改变的Make study eat第三人称单数s x z o ch sh 动词过去式/过去分词现在分词初中常见的六种时态初中常见的六种时态谓语动词构成（以make 为例）一般现在时态Make/makes一般过去时态一般将来时态现在进行时态过去进行时态现在完成时态 用法：1.表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果。如：I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。2.从过去开始延续到现在的状态。如：The Smiths have been there for 15 years. 史密斯一家在那儿已经住了15年了。时间标志词 already, yet, since, for, so far等。现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可以和一段时间连用。常见的可根据时间状语确定时态的用法如下：(1)at present, at the moment, these days, look, listen等标志着现在进行时；(2)just now, this morning, the other day, used to等标志着一般过去时；(3)at 1:00 last night, at that moment, this time yesterday等标志着过去进行时；(4)tomorrow, from now on, soon,in the future，next等标志着一般将来时；(5)already, for only a few days， since then， yet等标志着现在完成时；(6)除了上面这些时间状语提示时态外，某些副词也有这种作用，如：often，always，usually， never， seldom等表示频率的副词应用一般现在时或一般过去时。When did you start studying English? How long have you been studying English1.肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。eg. He has eaten supper. They_(eat ) supper.(他们已经吃过晚餐了)2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 (回答用“Yes，-have/has“No，-havent/hasnt” ）eg. Has he eaten supper? 肯定作答：_ 否定作答：_(eat ) supper.(他们已经吃过晚餐了吗)作答_3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“havent/hasnt过去分词”eg. He hasnt eaten supper. They_(eat ) supper.(他们还没有吃过晚餐)现在完成时态的分类用法一、1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, （强调结果现在还存在）例如1I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）2I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿)3Has he had his breakfast? Yes, he has. 4When did he have his breakfast? He had breakfast at 6:00.理解一般过去时态和现在完成时态的区别1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _2. I saw this film last week.Now, I know this film because I_.3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just (谓语动词之前) （刚刚）, already（已经(肯定句) ）, before, yet（一般疑问(句末） ：已经；否定句：还） never, ever (疑问句) twice recently(近来）等状语连用 1 Tom has already finished his homework. Tom hasnt finished his homework yet.2 I have just had my lunch. She hasnt seen you before.3 Have you ever eaten fish? I have never eaten fish4 I have never heard of that before.5 Have you ever ridden a horse?6 She has already finished the work.7 Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.8 Ive just finished my homework. 9 He has not come yet. 用正确的词填空。1. I _(have) lunch already.2. the train_ (arrive) yet?3.Tom _ never_ (be ) to China.4. The twin _just _(see) my father.5. The twins _(see) my father just now.6._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.7. A:_ you _(clean) the room? B:Yes, we_(do) that already. A:When _ you _(do) it? B:We _(do) it an hour ago.8._ he _(see) this film yet? No.9When _ he _(see) it? He _ it tomorrow. 9. How many times _you_(come) here? Once.1 你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。3 你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。 4 你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。5 你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A 动词使用延续性动词。B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与for或since引导的时间连用so far, up to/till now, in the last/past+一段时间，all ones life, by now, these days, these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here 1I havent seen her these days. 2She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. 3They have lived here since 1990. 4What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：(1)since一段时间agofor时间段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks; I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 自从一个星期以前我就借了这本图书馆的书。(2)since + 时间点for时间段 since 2000=for years(3) since+从句(常用一般过去时) The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris(4)It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句. 自从某事发生已有一段时间了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 选用since 或 for 填空。1_three hours2_three oclock3_two days4_yesterday afternoon5_I came here6_last Sunday7_a week8_a long time9_199710 _two weeks11_three years ago12 _ last monthThey have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2. I havent seen her _ a long time.3. He has been living here _ 2001.4. She has been doing her homework _two hours.5. Its 5 years _ we left school.6. How long has Mary been a teacher? _ two years ago. 7. Jill has been in Ireland_Monday.8. Jill has been in Ireland_three days.9. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.10. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 oclock.11. India has been an independent country_1974.原形+ed 如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d 如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如：stoppeddroppedAAA: put put put letlet letABA: becomebecamebecomeABB: standstoodstoodABC: eat ateeaten一、单项选择1. Have you watered the plants _?Yes, I have.A. already B. yet C. never D. ever2. Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when _ for London?Yes, tomorrow afternoon.A. leaving B. leavesC. to leave D. are you leaving3. Look! The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister.A. which; is B. whom; wasC. who; is D. who; was4. _ you _ your homework yet?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; have finished5. Ann is a nurse in our hospital. She _ here for ten years.A. works B. has workedC. worked D. working二、用所给词的适当形式填空1. _ he _ (finish) his work today?Not yet.2. _ you ever _ (eat) chocolate?No, never.3. Has Tom _ (travel) to China?4. I _ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.5. He hasnt _ (finish) _ (read) Harry Potter.6. Zhao Lan _ already _ (study) in this school for two years.三、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空due, do, live, hurry, read1. Have you ever _ an e-hook?Not yet.2. They went shopping after finishing _ their homework.3. This story is about a boy who _ in the United Kingdom.4. You should _ up, or we will be late.5. Our sports meeting is _ in two days.四、根据汉语意思完成句子1. 你读过这本书了吗？_ you _ this hook?2. 她还没有看过那部新电影。She _ _ that new movie.3. 快点，否则你会迟到的。_ _, or you will be late.4. 你决定好要去哪里了吗？_ you decided _ _ _?用所给词的适当形式填空1. Tom _ (hurry) to work after having breakfast this morning.2. I hear you come from France. Could you help me learn _ (France)?3. I _ already _ (buy) many new things that I can use.4. _ you _ (see) the film before?No, not vet.5. Though he failed many times, he never gave up _ (try).三、单项选择1. I saw Tony _ basketball with Jack an hour ago.A. plays B. to play C. played D. play2. The fans cant wait _ to China.A. come B. to come C. coming D. came3. What else do you need for your trip?_ else. Ive packed everything.A. SomethingB. EverythingC. NothingD. Anything4. Have you met Mr. Li _?A. justB. agoC. beforeD. a momentagoUnit8 单项选择专练1. How does Jack usually go to work?He _ drive a car, but now he _ there to lose weight. A. used to; is used to walkB. was used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walkD. used to; is used to walking2. In the last ten month, September Miracle(奇迹) _ on CCTV for more than five times and is popular all over the country. A. has played the pianoB. has given out their song disksC. has written songsD. has performed3. Hello! Could I speak to Lily?Sorry, she is not in. She _ Shanghai. A. have been to B. have gone to C. has been to D. has gone to4. My host family tried to cook _ for me when I studied in New Zealand. A. different somethingB. different anythingC. something differentD. anything different5. Which do you prefer, rice or noodles?_ ,thanks. I am not hungry. I only need some water. A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. All6. Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs. King?No. It _ be her. She is wearing a white dress today. A. can B. may C. must D. cant7. After the Asian Games, _ people came to Guangzhou for a visit during holidays. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of8. _ the children have fun, parents can take dance less