amc数学词汇.doc

一、基本图形：三角形：triangle矩形：rectangle正方形：square平行四边形：parallelogram梯形：trapezoid菱形：rhombus圆：circle四边形：quadrilateral二、基本立体图形：正方体：cube长方体：rectangular prism圆柱体：right circular cyclinder圆锥体：right circular cone球体： sphere三、基本计算量：长度：length面积：area体积（容积）：volume周长：perimeter表面积：surface area底面积：base area四、有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集五、有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数eg.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15prime number质数eg.2,3,5,7,11,13,15reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比六、数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列七、其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位八、其他几何1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数)opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8.其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的基本数学词汇：加：plus/and/positive减：minus/negative/subtract差：difference乘：multiplied by/times乘方：power积：product除：divided bydivisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数商：quotientremainder余数阶乘：factorial等于：equal不等于：not equal to大于：greater than小于：less than大于等于：equal or greater than小于等于：equal or less than约等于：approximately equalRound to/to the nearest 四舍五入因为：because所以：therefore开平方：square root of开立方：cube root ofRadical sign,root sign根号绝对值：the absolute value函数：function图形：figure角：angle直角：right angle锐角：acute angle对折：fold分数：fractionX-轴：X-axesY-轴：Y-axes其他sequence 次序geometric 几何的Integer 整数ratio 比例positive 正的tangent 切线（也是正切tan）radius/radii 半径inequality 不等式vertex 顶点range值域like terms,similar terms同类项original equation原方程(least)co