Unit文献阅读与翻译

Unit5TranslationSkills 5 Conversion 1 Whatisconversion thechangeofpartsofspeechintranslationOneofthemostimportanttranslationtechniques 2 Theimportanceofconversion OwingtothedifferenceinlanguagestructuresbetweenEnglishandChineselanguages itisdifficulttocarryoutword for wordtranslationAsamatteroffact awordbelongingtoacertainpartofspeechinonelanguagesometimeshastobeconvertedintoadifferentpartofspeech soastobringforthareadableandcoherentsentence Therefore conversionisoneoftheimportantandcommonlyadoptedtranslationtechniques 3 Forexample Myaudiencevariedfromtenstothousands 听我演讲者少则数十人 多则数千人 TheEnglishverb varied canhardlyberenderedintoChineseinthesamepartofspeech Asamatteroffact awordbelongingtoacertainpartofspeechinonelanguagesometimeshastobeconvertedintoadifferentone soastoconformtotheusageofthetargetlanguage 4 Fivecategories 5 1 ConversionintoVerbs 1 Conversionofnounsintoverbs Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging 看到我们的喷气式飞机 听见隆隆的机声 我感到心驰神往 Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse 火箭已经用来探索宇宙 6 2 Conversionofprepositionsintoverbs Aforceisneededtomoveanobjectagainstinertia 为使物体克服惯性而运动 就需要一个力 Thesestaffmembersworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood incoldcaves bydimlamps 这些工作人员每天长时间工作 吃的是粗茶淡饭 住的是冰冷的窑洞 点的是暗淡的油灯 7 3 Conversionofadjectivesintoverbs ManyEnglishadjectivesafteralinkverbindicatingone sconsciousness feelings emotions desires etc arealwaysconvertedintoChineseverbs Thesewordsinclude confident certain careful cautious angry sure ignorant afraid doubtful aware concerned glad delighted sorry ashamed thankful anxious grateful able andsoon 8 Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife 医生说他们不敢肯定救得了他的命 Bothofthesubstancesaresolubleinwater 两种物质都能溶于水 9 4 AdverbsConvertedIntoVerbs 1 Whentheswitchisoff thecircuitisopenandelectricitydoesn tgothrough 当开关断开时 电路就形成开路 电流不能通过 2 Inthiscasethetemperatureinthefurnaceisup 这种情况下 炉温就升高 10 conclusion OneofthemostremarkabledifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesesyntaxistheuseoftheverb ItistakenforgrantedthatanEnglishsentencecontainsnomorethanonepredicateverb whileinChineseit snotunusualtohaveclustersofverbsinasimplesentence 11 2 ConversionintoNouns 1 Verbsintonouns Suchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear 这些材料的特点是 绝缘性好 耐磨性强 Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation easyregulation simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity 设计的目的在于自动操作 调节方便 维护简易 生产率高 Someverbsthatarederivedfromnounscanhardlybetranslatedliterallysotheyareusuallyconvertedintonouns 12 2 AdjectivesConvertedIntoNouns Boththecompoundsareacids theformerisstrong thelatterweak 这两种化合物都是酸 前者是强酸 后者是弱酸 Inthefissionprocessesthefissionfragmentsareveryradioactive 在裂变过程中 裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性 Adjectiveswiththedefinitearticlestoindicatecategoriesofpeople things oradjectivesusedaspredicativetoindicatethenatureofthingsmayalsobeconvertedintonouns 13 3 Pronounsconvertedintonouns Thespecificresistanceofironisnotsosmallasthatofcopper Radiowavesaresimilartolightwavesexcepttheirwavelengthismuchgreater 铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小 无线电波与光波相似 但无线电波的波长要长得多 EnglishpronounsaremorefrequentlyusedthanChinese Inordertomakeclearwhattheyreallyreferto wesometimeshavetoconvertthemintonouns i e torepeatthenounsthattheystandfor 14 3 ConversionIntoAdjectives 1 Nounsintoadjectives Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪 学习中的独立思考是绝对必要的 SometimesitisconvenientforatranslatortoconvertEnglishnounsintoChineseadjectives 15 2 Adverbsintoadjectives Earthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting Itisdemonstratedthatgasesareperfectlyelastic NotonlycanEnglishadverbsbeconvertedintoChineseadjectives butalsointonounsoccasionally Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound 地震与断裂运动有密切的关系 已经证实 气体具有理想的弹性 他身体虽弱 但思想健康 EnglishadverbsareusedmoreextensivelythanChineseadverbs andmanyofthemcanbeconvertedintoChineseadjectives 16 4 ConversionintoAdverbs 1 Adjectivesintoadverbs Below4 C waterisincontinuousexpansioninsteadofcontinuouscontraction Ahelicopterisfreetogoalmostanywhere 水在4度以下就不断地膨胀 而不是不断地收缩 直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去 ThisisthemostcommoncasewhenanounmodifiedbyanadjectiveisconvertedintoaverbintheChineseversion Sometimes itisjustforthesakeofconvenience 17 2 NounsandVerbsConvertedIntoAdverbs Rapidevaporationattheheating surfacetendstomakethesteamwet Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor 加热面上的迅速蒸发 往往使蒸汽的湿度变大 新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民 获得了他们的一些好感 ThisconversionisadoptedtomaketheversionconformtotheidiomaticChineseexpression 18 Sometimes itmayinvolvethechangeofvariouselementsofasentence suchasfromthesubjecttotheobject andviceversa Asthematchburns heatandlightaregivenoff Thissortofstonehasarelativedensityof2 7 火柴燃烧时发出光和热 fromthesubjecttotheobject 这种石头的相对密度是2 7 fromtheobjecttothesubject 19 Caremustbetakenatalltimestoprotecttheinstrumentfromdustanddamp Asemiconductorhasapoorconductivityatroomtemperature butitmaybecomeagoodconductorathightemperature 应当始终注意保护仪器 不使其沾染灰尘和受潮 主语转为谓语 在室温下 半导体的电导率差 但在高温下 却可能成为良导体 fromthesubjecttotheattributive 20 5 C ETranslation ConversionisalsoacommonpracticeinChinese Englishtranslation Asismentionedabove Chinesesentencesaboundwithverbsandarecomparativelyshortandstraightforward WhentranslatedintoEnglish manyoftheverbsinChinesesentenceshavetobeconvertedintootherpartsofspeechsuchasnouns adjectives prepositionsorprepositionsphrases andsoon Ontheotherhand someChineseadjectivesmaybeconvertedintoEnglishnouns andChinesenounsintoEnglishverbs andviceversa 21 5 C ETranslation 林则徐认为 要成功地制止鸦片买卖 就得把鸦片焚毁 LinZexubelievedthatasuccessfulbanofthetradeinopiummustbeprecededbythedestructionofthedrugitself adv verb adj nouns verb noun 大会主席说 一定要少说