NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构

NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 BasicFire LifeSafetyforRadiationSafetyProfessionals RobertEmery DrPH CHP CIH CSP RBP CHMM CPP ARMVicePresidentforSafety Health Environment RiskManagement QualityAssuranceTheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHoustonAssociateProfessorofOccupationalHealthTheUniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealth NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 Whydoweneedfireandlifesafetycodes AccordingtotheNFPA in2007therewere 530 500structurefires oneeveryminute3 000civiliandeaths oneevery2 5hours15 350civilianinjuries oneevery30minutes 10 600 000 000inpropertydamageAfiredepartmentrespondedtoafireevery20seconds NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 Objectives IntroducethecodesthatdrivefireandlifesafetycomplianceOverviewoffiredetectionandsuppressionProvidetoolstoconductabasicfireandlifesafetyassessment NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FireRegulationsandCodes SafetyandHealthRegulationsOSHA 29CFR1910 1926 FireandLifeSafetyCodesInternationalBuildingCode IBC NationalFireProtectionAssociation NFPA MunicipalRequirements IBC OSHA NFPA NIOSH NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 AdditionalRequirements AllcodesareminimumrequirementsInsurancecompanyrequirementsCompanypoliciesTheJointCommissionStateand orCityrequirements NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 HowareTheseCodesEnforced Codesareadoptedbyreferencebyordinance Plansforremodelingoranewconstructionmustbeapprovedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction AHJ priortostartingwork StateFireMarshal sOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJTakeHomeMessage Knowwhatcode s applytoyouroperation NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 WhichdoIfollow Remodelingornewconstructionplansmustbeapprovedbyauthorityhavingjurisdiction AHJ priortostartingworkStateFireMarshal sOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJ NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FeaturesofBuildingFireandLifeSafety AlarmsSprinklersRatedCorridorsExitAccessNumberofRequiredExitsEgressWidthsOccupantLoadsElevatorRecallFireRatedDoors Frames SmokeControlRatedStairwellsFireproofingRequirementsElectricalSafetyConstructionCombustibilityFireandSmokeDampersEmergencyPowerRoofAssemblies NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FireAlarmSystems PlayanEssentialRoleinProtectingPropertyandLivesFromFire ProtectionGoalsGovernsSystemSelectionBuildingOccupantSafetySatisfyBuildingCodesorAHJRequirementsPropertyProtectionFirstResponderSafetyEnvironmentalProtectionCombination NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FireAlarmSystems IBCreferencesNFPA72forinstallationandmaintenanceNFPA72 NationalFireAlarmCodeBasicComponentsPanelDetectionManualAlarmNotificationOff PremisesConnectionforSupervision NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FireAlarmSystems FireAlarmSystemWillProvideThreeTypesofSignalsAlarmTrouble indicatesafaultinamonitoringcircuitorcomponentofthefirealarmsystemBadsmokedetectorGroundfaultSupervisory indicatesaproblemwithotherfireprotectionsystemsbeingmonitoredbythefirealarmsystemWatervalvetosprinklersystemclosedCleanagentsystemproblem Alarm Supervisory Trouble NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 Off PremisesConnectionforSupervision NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 CommonFireDetection SmokeDetectorIonizationPhotoelectricHeatDetectorsFixedTemperatureRate of Rise NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 ManualPullStations ManualpulldeviceswillbelocatedonthewallActivatedbypullingonahandleSendssignaltobuilding sfirealarmsystemwhichplacesthebuildingintoalarm NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 NotificationAppliances Audiblealarms Howloudisloudenough Public SPLmustbe5dBaboveanyambientnoisethatlasts60sec ormore or15dBabovethe24 hraverage whicheverisgreaterSleepingquarters Minimumof75dBA NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 NotificationAppliances VoiceCommunicationBettertohavealargernumberoflowerSPLunitsvs afewveryloudunitsIntelligibilitycanbeaproblem NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 NotificationAppliances VisualalarmsPrimarilyintendedtoaugmentaudiblealarmsCommonLocationsofVisualAlarmsCorridorsMeetingroomsRestroomsEnclosedelevatorlobbies NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FireAlarmSystemInterfaces HeatingVentilationandAirConditioningDuctdetectorsAHUshut downSprinklerwaterflowalarmsMagneticlockreleasemechanismsDoorunlockingdevicesElevatorrecallStairwellpressurization NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 SystemReliability BasedonFourElementsDesignEquipmentUnderwritersLaboratoriesFactoryMutualGlobalInstallationMaintenanceInspection Testing andMaintenancearecrucialUnfortunately someproblemsmaybeidentifiedafterthepreviousthreehavebeencompleted NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FireSuppression WaterBasedSuppressionCleanAgentSystemsFireExtinguishers NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 WaterBasedSuppression Wet PipeSystemcontainswaterunderpressureatalltimesSeriesofclosedsprinklerheadsHeatactivatessprinklerheadWaterisdischargedimmediately Notrecommendedifsystemcouldbeexposedtotemperaturesbelow40 F NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 Wet PipeSystem MainvalveAlarmcheckvalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerheadInspector stestvalve NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 Wet PipeSystem OnlythesprinklerheadsheatedbythefireactivateFiresprinklersspray18gallonsofwaterperminute Sprinklerhead Astemperaturerisesthebulbwillshatter Waterisreleasedanddeflectedinaspraypattern NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 SprinklerColorCodesandRatings NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FieldMethodforTemporaryStoppageofSprinklerHead NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 Dry PipeSystem SystemcontainsairunderpressureCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupSprinklerheadsholdthepressureAdry pipevalveholdsbackthewatersupplyValveopenswhenpressurefallsbelowapredeterminedlevelSprinklerheadactivation pressuredrop valveopens watersenttoallheads waterdischargedfromactivatedsprinklerhead s Recommendedforareasthatcouldexperiencefreezingtemperatures NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 HowdoDry PipeSystemsWork HeatActivated PressureDrop WaterDischargesfromactivatedhead Watersenttoallsprinklerheads ValveOpens NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 Dry PipeSystem SupplycheckvalveMainvalveDrypipevalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerheadInspector stestvalve NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 Pre actionSystem SystemcontainsairunderpressureCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupWaterheldbackbypre actionvalveSystemequippedwithsupplementaldetectionOperationofdetectionsystemallowspre actionvalvetoopenandwaterfillsthesystemWaternotdischargeduntilfirehasgeneratedsufficientheattoactivateasprinklerhead Typicallyfoundincomputerroomsandmuseums NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 HowdoPre ActionSystemsWork SmokeDetected WaterDischargesfromactivatedhead Watersenttoallsprinklerheads ValveOpens NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 Pre actionSystem SupplycheckvalveMainvalveWatercontrolordelugevalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerhead closed DetectorElectricalbellManualreleasestationControlpanelInspector stestvalve NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FirePumps FirepumpsareutilizedwhenthehydraulicdemandexceedspublicsupplycapacityComponentsPumpandmotorControllersJockeypumpWatertank NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 WaterSupply StandpipeSystemClassI 2 inchhoseconnectionintendedforfiredepartmentuseClassII 1 inchhoseconnectionsintendedforfirst aidfirefightingClassIII Providedwithboth2 inchand1 inchhoseconnectionsFireDepartmentConnection NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 SuppressionWithoutWater Halon NFPA12ABeingphasedoutper1987MontrealProtocolCarbonDioxide NFPA12CleanAgent NFPA2001Inertgasformulation Thesesystemsareoftennotrecognizedasallowablesubstituteforwatersuppression NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 FireExtinguishers NFPA10standardforportablefireextinguishersSelectappropriateextinguisherforareaClassA B C D andKIdentifyhazardoccupancyLightHazardOffices schools assemblyhallsOrdinaryHazardMercantilestorage parkinggaragesHighHazardWoodworkingarea warehouses NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 ConductingaBasicAssessment DetermineYourBuildingOccupancyTypeFirstIBCOccupancyClassificationsAssembly GroupA 1 A 2 A 3 A 4andA 5Business GroupBEducational GroupEFactoryandIndustrial GroupsF 1andF 2HighHazard GroupsH 1 H 2 H 3 H 4 andH 5Institutional GroupI 1 I 2 I 3andI 4Mercantile GroupMResidential GroupsR 1 R 2 R 3andR 4Storage GroupsS 1andS 2UtilityandMiscellaneous GroupU NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构 ConductingaBasicAssessment AdditionalDetailedRequirementsBasedonUseandOccupancyCoveredMallBuildingsHigh RiseBuildingsAtriumsUndergroundBuildingsMotor Vehicle RelatedOccupanciesM