中医英语课后句子翻译2(含中文 lesson11-21).doc

中医英语课后句子翻译2（含中文 lesson11-lesson21）Lesson 111. 破坏人体相对平衡状态而引起的疾病的原因就是病因。Etiology refers to the cause of diseases resulting from imbalance (between yin and yang) within the body.2. 六淫是风、寒、署、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪的总称。The six pathogenic factors are a collective term for exogenous pathogenic wind, cold, summer-heat , dampness, dryness,and fire.3. 风邪外袭多自皮毛肌肉而入，从而产生外风病症。 Exogenous pathogenic wind invades the body through the skin , hair and muscles , producing syndrome of exogenous wind.4. 由风邪引起的外感疾病一般多发病急，传病快。The exogenous diseases caused pathogenic wind are characterized by sudden onset and rapid transmission.5. 寒邪伤于肌表，郁遏卫阳，称为“伤寒”Pathogenic cold attacks the skin and muscles and lead to the stagnation of defensive-yang, which is called “cold damage”6. 内寒则是集体阳气不足，失却温煦的病理反应。Endogenous cold is a pathological manifestation of insufficient yang qi failing to warm the body.7. 暑邪伤人多出现一系列阳热症状，如壮热、心烦、面赤、脉洪大等。 The attack of pathogenic summer-heat on the body usually leads to a series of yang symptoms, such as high fever, palpitation, flushed cheeks and full pulse.8. 暑邪为病常兼浃湿邪侵袭人体所致。Pathogenic summer-heat usually accompanies pathogenic dampness to invade the body.9. 外湿多由气候潮湿，或涉水淋雨，居处潮湿等所在湿邪侵袭人体所致。 Endogenous dampness is primarily caused by such external pathogenic factors as humid climate, moist location and drenching or wading.10. 内湿则是由于脾失健运，水湿停聚所形成的病理状态。Endogenous dampness is a morbid state due to dysfunction of the spleen and retention of water and fluid.11. 外感燥邪最易耗伤人体的津液，造成阴津亏虚的病变。 Attack of exogenous dryness on the body tends to consume body fluid and leads to deficiency of yin-fluid.12. 燥邪伤人多从口鼻而入，故最易损伤肺津。Pathogenic dryness tends to attack the body through the mouth and nose, so it is liable to damage lung fluid.13. 火热之邪最易迫津外泄，耗伤人体阴液。Pathogenic fire-heat tends to consume the body fluid and leads to deficiency of it.14. 疠气是一类具有强烈传染性的病邪，具有发病急骤、病情较重、传染性强、易于流行等特点。Pestilence is a kind of highly contagious pathogenic factors, characterized by sudden onset, severe conditions, fulminating infection and widespread transmission.15. 七情内伤直接影响相应的内脏，使脏腑气机逆乱，气血失调，导致种种疾病的发生。The seven abnormal emotions often directly impair their related internal organs, leading to disorder of viscera qi , disharmony between qi and blood , and consequently bringing on diseases.16. 饮食不节主要是损伤脾胃，导致脾胃功能失调。Improper diet mainly impairs the spleen and stomach, leading to dysfunction of them.17. 劳力过度则伤气，久之则气少力衰，神疲消弱。Overstrain will impair qi, and eventually lead to deficiency of qi, fatigue and weak constitution.18. 痰和饮都是水液代谢障碍所形成的病理产物。Phlegm and fluid are both pathological substances caused by retention of water and fluid.19. 瘀血的病症特点因瘀阻的部位和形成瘀血的原因不同而异。The diseases caused by blood stasis vary according to the location and cause of the stasis.20. 瘀血所致的疼痛多为刺痛，痛处固定不移，拒按，夜间痛甚。Pain caused by blood stasis is usually marked by stabbing, fixed and unpalpable pain that worsens in the night.Lesson 121. 许多疾病的过程也就是邪正斗争及其盛衰变化的过程。The course of many disease is a process of combat between and health qi as the ebb and flow of their strengths2. 邪气正则实，精气夺则虚。Predominance of pathogenic factors leads to excess while depletion of essence results in deficiency.3正盛邪退，疾病趋向好转和痊愈Healthy qi triumphs over pathogenic factors, leading to improvement of or recovery from an illness.4阳虚是指机体阳气虚耗，功能减退或衰弱，热量不足的病理状态。Yang deficiency refers to the morbid states of in sufficient or hypofunctional yang qi failing to warm the body.5阴虚是指机体精、血、津液等物质亏耗等导致阳相对亢盛的病理状态。Yin deficiency refers to the morbid states of depleted essence, blood and fluid leading to relative hyperactivity of yang.6阴阳亡失指机体的阴液和阳气突然大量的亡失，导致生命垂危的一种病理状态。Loss of yin or yang refers to the critical state of sudden, profuse loss of yin-fluid or yang-qi.7、气的失常包括气的生化不足或耗损太过致的不足，气的某些功能减退以及气的运动失常等。The disorders of qi include insufficient production of qi, excessive depletion of qi , hypofunction of qi and abnormal movements of qi.8气滞于某一局部可以出现涨满、疼痛、甚至引起血瘀、水停，形成瘀血、痰饮等病理状态。 The topical stagnation of qi may lead to such symptoms as distension, pain, or even blood stasis and retention of water, fluid, or phlegm.9气逆指气机升降失调，脏腑之气逆上的病理状态。Qi adverseness refers to the morbid state of abnormal ascending and descending of qi and adverse, upward flow of visceral qi.10、血虚指血液不足和血的儒养功能减退的病理变化。Blood deficiency refers to the morbid state of slow insufficient blood failing to nourish the body.11、血瘀指血液的循环迟缓和不流畅的病理状态。Blood stasis refers to the morbid state of slow and unsmooth flow of blood.12、血热指血分有热，血行加速的病理状态。Blood heat refers to the morbid state of heat in the blood hastening the blood flow.13、气滞血瘀是由于气的运行不畅而导致的血运障碍。Blood stasis due to qi stagnation means that the unsmooth flow of qi leads to disturbance of blood circulation.14、津伤乃伤阴脱液之渐，脱液乃津液干涸之甚。Impairment of thin-fluid often develops to depletion of thick-fluid, and depletion of thick-fluid is a result of insufficient thin-fluid.15、津停气滞指津液代谢障碍，水湿痰饮潴留而导致气机阻滞的病理状态。Qi stagnation due to fluid retention refers to the morbid state of disturbance of fluid metabolism and retention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid lead to stagnation of qi.16、风气内动是体内阳气亢逆变动而形成的一种病理状态。Stirring of endogenous wind refers to a morbid state due to hyperactivity of yang qi within the body.17、内生之湿多因脾虚，故又称脾虚生湿。Endogenous dampness is mostly caused by deficiency of the spleen, so it is also called “dampness due to spleen deficiency”.18、内燥病变可发生于各脏腑组织，以肺、胃及大肠多见。Endogenous dryness can be manifested in any organs or tissues, especially the lung, stomach and large intestine.19、肺脏阴虚津亏久延不复常可损及肾，而导致肺肾阴虚。The prolonged deficiency of yin-fluid of the lung often involves the kidney and results in simultaneous deficiency of the lung-yin and kidney-yin.20、膀胱不利为癃，不约为遗尿。The obstruction of the urinary bladder is called “uroschesis” and the incontinence of urine is called “enuresis”.Lesson 131. 望诊指医生运用视觉观察患者全身和局部的神色形态的变化。Inspection is a diagnostic method of observing general of local changes of spirit, complexion and physical conditions.2. 问诊指凭听觉和嗅觉以辨认患者的声音和气味的变化。 The listening-smelling method refers to an approach to diagnosis by listening to the voices of the patients and smelling the odors emitted from the patients.3. 问诊指仔细询问或陪诊者以了解疾病发生、发展的过程、现在症状及其与疾病有关的情况。Inquiry is a diagnostic method used to understand the occurrence, development, present subjective symptoms and other things concerning the diseases by asking the patients their companions.4. 切诊指切按患者脉搏和安抚患者的脘腹、手足及其他部位。 Pulse-taking and palpitation refer to the diagnostic method of feeling the pulse and palpating the stomach and abdomen, foot and hand as well as other regions of the patients.5. 局部病变可以影响及全身、内脏的病变，可以从各个方面反映出来。Local pathological changes may involve the whole body and the viscera, which can be manifested in various aspects.6. 四诊的方法是在长期的医疗实践中逐步形成和发展起来的。The four diagnostic methods were developed gradually in the long-term medical practice.7. 得神是精充气足神旺的表现。“With spirit” is a manifestation of sufficient essence, abundant qi , and full vitality.8. 失神是精损气耗神衰的表现。“Without spirit” is a manifestation of impaired essence, deficient qi , and dispiritedness.9. 假神是垂危患者出现精神暂时好转的假象。“False spirit “ is a false manifestation of temporary vitality during the critical stage of a disease ,10. 常色指人体在正常状态下的面色色泽。Normal complexion refers to the facial colors under physiological conditions.11. 青色主寒症、痛症、瘀血和惊风。Bluish color indicates cold syndrome, pain syndrome, blood stasis and infantile convulsion.12. 望形态可以预知脏腑气血的盛衰、阴阳邪正的消长、以及病势的顺逆和邪气之所在。Inspection of physical conditions can provide information about the state of visceral qi and blood, strength contract between yin and yang or pathogenic factors and healthy qi , as well as prognosis and location of the disease .13. 呕吐时胃气上逆所致。Vomiting is caused by adverse rising of stomach qi.14. 胖大舌多因水湿痰饮阻滞所致。Bulgy tongue is usually caused by retention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid.15. 光面舌主要是由于胃阴枯竭、胃气大伤所致。Mirror-like tongue is primarily caused by depletion of stomach yin and impairment of stomach qi.16. 黄苔一般主里征、热证，由热邪熏灼所致。Yellow tongue coating is caused by fumigation of pathogenic heat and usually indicates interior syndromes and heat syndrome.17. 腻苔多是湿浊内蕴，阳气所遏所致。Greasy tongue coating usually caused by interior accumulating of damp-turbidity and stagnation of yang qi mainly indicates retention of phlegm-fluid damp-turbidity food, damp-heat and obstinate phlegm, etc.18. 切诊包括脉诊和按诊两部分。Pressing diagnosis includes pulse-taking and palpitation.19. 疾病反映于脉象的变化叫做病脉。The variation of pulse that reflects the state of a disease is known as morbid pulse.20. 在临床应用中，只有四诊合参才能得到正确的诊断。Clinically, only combined use of the four diagnostic methods can enable one to perform the correct diagnosis.Lesson 141. 脉诊是中医的一种非常神奇而典型的诊法。Pulse-taking is a miraculous and typical Chinese diagnostic method.2. 脉诊非常复杂，形成一个独特的诊法体系。Pulse-taking is so complicated that it has developed into a unique diagnostic system,.3. 脉分为三个部分，即寸、关、尺。The pulse id divided into three parts known as cun, guan and chi,4. 诊脉的最佳时间是清晨太阳升起的时候。The optimal time of pulse taking is in the morning when the sun rises.5. 诊脉时患者应该放松，呼吸平稳，情绪稳定。During pulse taking the patients should relax himself, breathe naturally, and keep in calm.6. 诊脉时，大幅应该冷静，注意力集中，呼吸平稳。When taking pulse, the doctor should keep in calm, breathe naturally, and focus on the whole process.7. 一种或几种脉象就可揭示一种典型的疾病。One or several pulse manifestations would reveal a typical disease.8. 浮脉属阳，往往表示外感六淫所指之疾。The floating pulse pertains to yang and commonly indicates diseases caused by invasion of the six exogenous pathogenic factors.9. 脉象浮儒，表明有中暑。A floating soggy pulse indicates sunstroke.10.脉象浮芤，表明有出血。A floatinghollow pulse indicates bleeding.11. 沉脉属阴，表明有七情内伤。The sunken pulse pertains to yin and indicates internal damage due to the seven abnormal emotions.12. 脉象沉滑，表明有消化不良。A sunken-slippery pulse indicates indigestion.13. 中医主要依靠脉诊诊断疾病，并且认为分析脉象能够预测疾病。 Traditional Chinese medicine relies on pulse taking to diagnose diseases, and it holds that the analysis of pulse manifestations can predict the occurrence of disease.14. 支气管疾病的脉象浮小，说明容易治愈。If the pulse manifestation in bronchus diseases is floating and small it will be easily cured.15. 有出血时，脉象芤、小、缓，预后良好。If hollow, small and slow pulse manifestation during bleeding, the prognosis will be favorable.16.患者若有雀啄或屋漏脉象，说明病情危重。Sparrow-pecking pulse and roof-leaking pulse indicate unfavorable prognosis.17. 鱼翔脉和虾游脉象征患者生命垂危。Fish-swimming pulse and shrimp-darting pulse indicate that the patient is in critical condition.18.脉象的季节性特点为春弦、夏洪、秋毛、冬石。 The seasonal characteristics of pulse manifestation are wiry in spring, surging in summer, floating in autumn, and sunken in winter. 19. 胖人的脉象特点是沉急。The pulse characteristics of over-weighted people are sunken and hastening.20. 婴儿脉象数，一息七至。The pulse manifestation of infant is characterized by rapidity and there are seven beats in one respiration.Leeson151. 疾病的表现尽管极其复杂，但基本上都可用八刚加以归纳。The manifestations of diseases, though complicated, can be generalized into patterns in the light of the eight principles.2. 运用八纲辨证就能将错综复杂的临床表现归纳为表里、寒热、虚实、阴阳四对纲领性症候。In the light of the eight principles , the complicated clinical manifestation can be generalized into four pairs of patterns: exterior and interior , cold and heat , deficiency and excess , yin and yang .3. 表里是辨别疾病病位内外和病势的两个纲领。The exterior and interior are two principles used to differentiate the location and severity of diseases.4. 表征病浅而轻，里证病深而重。 Exterior syndrome indicates that the disease is shallow in location and mild in severity , while interior syndrome shows that the disease is deep in location and serious in severity.5. 表邪入里为病进，里邪出表为病退。Interior penetration of exogenous pathogenic factors indicates progress of the disease while exterior regression of endogenous pathogenic factors suggests withdrawal of the disease.6. 表征和里证同时出现成为表里同病。 The simultaneous manifestation of exterior syndrome and interior syndrome is known as “ disease involving both exterior and interior “7. 寒征是感受寒邪或阴盛阳虚所表现的症候。 cold syndrome is usually caused by cold attack or predominance of yin and decline of yang.8. 热证是感受热邪或阳盛阴虚，人体的功能活动亢进所表现的症候。 Heat syndrome, characterized by hyperactivity of physical functions, is usually caused by invasion of pathogenic heat or predominance of yang and decline.9. 热证转化为寒邪所属邪盛阴虚，正不胜邪所致。The transformation of heat syndrome into cold “syndrome is a reflection of pathogenic factors triumphing over healthy qi “10. 表寒证是寒邪侵袭肌表所表现的征候。 Exterior cold syndrome is caused by invasion of pathogenic cold into the superfices.11. 里寒征是寒邪直中脏腑，或阳气虚衰所表现的征候。Interior cold syndrome is caused by direct attack of pathogenic cold on the viscera or by decline of yang qi .12. 里热证多为外邪传里化热或热邪直中脏腑致里热炽盛所表现的证候。 Interior heat syndrome is caused by invasion of exogenous pathogenic factors that transform into heat in the interior, or by direct attack of pathogenic heat on the viscera that makes the interior heat become exuberant. 13. 虚证是对人体正气虚弱等各种临床表现的病理概括。Deficiency syndrome is a generalization of various pathological manifestations due to deficiency of healthy qi. 14. 实证是对人体感受外邪或体内病理产物蓄积而产生的各种临床表现的病理概括。Excess syndrome is a generalization of various pathological manifestations caused by exogenous pathogenic factors or accumulation of pathological substances in the body. 15. 阳气有余为身热无汗阴气有余为多汗身寒。Excess of yang qi leads to fever with sweating while excess of yin qi results in cold sensation without sweating. 16. 真阴不足与真阳不足就是肾阴不足和肾阳不足。Deficiency of genuine yin or yang refers to insufficiency of kidney yin or yang. 17. 亡阴与亡阳一般是在高热大汗或发汗太过或吐泻过度或失血过多的情况下会出现。 Loss of yin or yang is usually caused by high fever with profuse sweating, over-diaphoresis, excessive vomiting and diarrhea, or massive bleeding.18. 脉浮主表证脉沉主里正。Floating pulse indicates exterior syndrome while sunken pulse shows interior syndrome.19. 热结肠胃则腹胀满痛拒按大便秘结。Retention of heat in the intestine and stomach is marked by constipation or unpalpable abdominal distension, fullness and pain. 20. 表证舌苔少变化里证舌苔多变化。Manifestations of tongue coating rarely change in exterior syndrome while constantly change in interior syndrome.Leeson161. 植物药根据入药部分的不同，采集季节和方法也不同。The seasons and methods of collecting herbs vary with the parts used for medicinal purpose of the herbal plants. 2. 炮制是将采集来的原药用水、火、酒和醋等加以处理。Processing of herbs refers to the preparation of crude herbs with water, fire, alcohol/wine and vinegar. 3. 炮制的目的是清除杂质，使药物清洁，便于服用和保存。The aim of processing is to get rid of /eliminate/ remove impurity and make the herbs clean for the convenience of oral taking / administration and storage. 4. 炮制也可减轻药物的毒性、烈性和副作用，增强疗效。The processing of herbs can reduce the toxicity，intensity and side-effects of herbs and reinforce the curative effect. 5. 寒性药物具有清热、泻火、解毒的作用。Cold-natured herbs have the function of clearing away heat, purging fire, and removing toxins/detoxification. 6. 凉性药物的作用与寒性药物相同，但较为和缓。Cool-natured herbs have the same function with cold-natured herbs except that the former is milder. 7. 热性药物具有祛寒、温里、助阳的作用。Hot-natured herbs have the function of expelling coldness, warming the interior and invigorating yang.8. 介于温凉之间的药物为平性药。Mild-natured/ Neutral herbs fall in between cool-natured herbs and warm-natured herbs. 9. 辛味药多有发散和行气血的作用。Herbs pungent in flavor have the function of dispersing and promoting qi flow and blood circulation. 10. 甘味药有补养及和缓的作用。Herbs sweet in flavor have the function of tonifying, harmonizing and moderating. 11. 酸味药有收敛固涩的作用。Herbs sour in flavor have the function of astringing and controlling. 12. 苦味药有燥湿和泻下的作用。Herbs bitter in flavor have the function of drying dampness and promoting defecation. 13. 咸味药有软坚润下的作用。Herbs salty in flavor have the function of softening hardness for lubricant defecation. 14. 药物的作用趋向有升降浮沉之别。The functional tendencies of herbs are marked by ascending, descending, sinking and floating.15. 所谓归经，是指某种药物对于人体某些脏腑经络的病起着主要作用的一种归纳方法。Meridian tropism means that certain herbs play a central role in treating certain disorders of the viscera and meridians. 16. 除少数药单独使用外，多数都是配合起来使用的。Most herbs have to be used in combination except a few special ones used singularly/in a single way. 17. 配合适当可以加强药效，或监制毒性。Proper combination of herbs can reinforce the curative effects or reduce toxicity. 18. 毒性剧烈的药物用量过多就会发生副作用或中毒。Overuse of herbs with acute/strong toxicity will cause side-effects or intoxication. 19. 妊娠期间使用中药，应注意药物的禁忌。Special attentions should be paid to the contraindication of herbs for medication in gestational period. 20. 单味药用量宜重，复方配伍，用量宜轻。The dosage of a singularly-applied herb should be large while the dosage of herbs in a compound prescription should be small. Leeson171. 方剂学是研究药物的配伍关系、组成规律、临床应用和复方药理的一门科学。The science of prescription aims to study the compatibility, formulating rule, and clinical application of different herbs in a prescription as well as the pharmacology of compound prescription.2. 药物的加减变化就是通过药物的增减，改变其配伍关系，使之成为另一方剂。Modification of herbs refers to the changes of prescription effect by adding or deducting/subtracting one or several herbs, or by changing the compatibility of different herbs in a prescription.3. 方剂组成发生变化后，其功用和主治也发生变化。The function and indication of a prescription vary with the modification of herbs in the prescription. 4. 麻黄与石膏配伍，重在清散郁热。The compatibility/combination of Mahuang and Shigao aims to clear away and disperse stagnated heat.5. 在主证不变的情况下，可随着症状的变化加入或减少某些药物以适应当前的病情。Under the circumstances of unchanged main syndrome, one or several herbs could be added or deducted according to the changes of symptoms. 6. 方剂的组成有一定的原则，而方剂的运用却极为灵活。Though there are certain rules for the formulation of prescriptions, the application of the prescriptions is very flexible. 7. 汤剂的优点是煎出的有效成分在服用后易于吸收。The advantage of decoction is that the effective elements can be easily absorbed after being taken. 8. 凡发汗解表的药物不宜久煎，因为这些药物的主要成分为挥发油。He