名词单复数代词 形容词比较级最高级_.doc

Oct 21st ,2012 1st 1名词名词复数变化一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。名词复数的规则变化1) 一般情况加 s：map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars2) 以s, sh, ch, x结尾加 es, 例如：bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes3) 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y 为i再加esbaby-babies city-cities country-countries特例：monkey-monkeysholiday-holidaystoytoys boyboys day-days4) 以o结尾的名词，变复数时： 加es, tomatoes potatoes 加s, photos pianos radios5） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加s，如： belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safesgulf-gulfs；b. 去f或e 加ves，如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wiveslife-lives thief-thieves；特例：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。名词复数的不规则变化1） child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth man-men woman-women mouse-mice2） 单复数同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese（中国人），Japanese（日本人）people不可数名词不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。常用不可数名词具体名词： baggage 行李 bread 面包 beer 啤酒cloth 布 coffee 咖啡 cream 奶油 dust 尘土furniture 家具glass 玻璃 gold 黄金hair 头发 ice 冰 jam 果酱 juice 饮料 luggage 行李money 金钱 oil 油paper 纸 soap 肥皂steak 牛排 stone 石头tea 茶 water 水weather 天气 wind 风wine 葡萄酒 wood 木头 advice 忠告主意抽象名词：work 工作 beauty 美丽，漂亮 damage 损害 death 死亡 experience 经验 help 帮助 hope 希望 horror 恐惧 information 消息信息 knowledge 知识 courage 勇气 news新闻一、请写出下列词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出 / city _ _zoo _country _ tooth _ mouse _ boy_ broom _ car tree _horse _ bus_ fox _ branch _ baby _ family _ country _ radio _ photo _ piano _ knife _ leaf _ life _ thief _ _ man _ woman _ _ child _ foot this _ watch_ peopleday_book_dress_sheep_tea_box_strawberry_ yo-yo_ peach_ sandwich_ paper_juice_water_ milk_rice_CD ox_ deer_ fish_ diary_ 二、单项选择( )1. The _ in our yard are very beautiful. A. cloth B. waterC. flowers( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _ in our school. A. boy B. boys C. boies( )3. A cat has four _ , doesnt it? A. foots B. feet C. feets( )4. There are three _ and five _ in the room.A. American, Japanese B Americans, JapaneseC. American, Janpaneses( )5. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. fish B. book C. horse( )6. The _ has two_. A. boy; watch B. boy; watchesC. boys; watch( )7. The _ are flying back to their country.A. GermanyB. Germanys C. Germans( )8. The girl brushes her _ every day before he goes to bed.A. tooths B. teethC. teeths ( )9.I saw many _ in the street. Apeoples B.people C.peoples( )10.The green sweater is his _. A.brother B.brothers C.brothers三、选择填空 ( )1. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys( )2. How many _ do you see in the picture? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato( )3. They are_. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher( )4. Would you like _ ,please? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of watersD. two glasses of waters ( )6. There are some _ in these _.A. knifes pencil-boxesB. knives pencils-boxC. knives pencil-boxD. knives pencils-boxes( )7. _ like _ by air. A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling( )8. I wonder why _ are interested in action films(武打片). A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples( )9. There is no _ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs ( )10.My uncle has three _.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens四.填入所给名词的正确形式1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5.The _ are playing football now. (child)6.Please take two _ for me. (photo)7.I like the red _.(tomato)8.Would you please clean your _ now? (tooth)9.Do you want some _? (milk)10.There are ten _in our school. (woman teacher)五、名词可数不可数“六注意”1、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用单位词+of来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。2、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如：This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数单位词时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。3、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如：How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？注意：对不可数名词前的单位词的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。 如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包？量词 a piece of 一块 一张 一片 a loaf of 一个 a bar of 一条a bottle of 一瓶a pound of 一磅a tin of 一听a quarter of 四分之一2代词请在此处画上代词表：1 .人称代词：主格、宾格（动前主格、动后宾，be前主格介后宾）2 .物主代词：形代、名代3 .反身代词：。自己4 .指示代词：单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）5 .疑问代词：what, who, whose, whom, which, when。（疑问副词when, where, how, why）6 .不定代词some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面要接名词。而名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，它后面再不接名词。它们的关系为：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。 .单项选择(选自各地中考题)( )1 .I met Kate on way home yesterday .(北京海淀区)A .myB .meC .hisD .him( )2 .This is ruler .(北京西城区)A .myB .mineC .ID .me( )3 .A : pencil-box is this ,Patrick ?B :Its .(上海)A .Whose ;mineB .Whos ;mineC .Whose ;myD .Whos ;my( )4 .Kate and her sister went on holiday with a classmate of .(黑龙江)A .herB .hersC .theirD .theirs( )5.Is this dictionary or ? Its mine .(内蒙古)A .your ;hersB .yours ;herC .your ;herD .yours ;hers( )6 .The pen is .She wrote name with it .(甘肃)A .hers ;her ;herselfB .her ;hers ;herC .her ;hers ;herselfD .her ;herself ;hers( )7 .Can I borrow pencil ? is broken .(河北)A .you ;MyB .your ;MeC .your ;MineD .your ;My( )8 .These are cups . are over there .(河南)A .our ;YoursB .yours ;MineC .his ;OurD .their ;Your( )9 . schoolbag is much better than .(山西)A .Her ;meB .Hers ;myC .Hers ;mineD .Her ;mine( )10 .Oh ,there is someone in the room . must be my mother .(安徽)A .ThereB .SheC .ThisD .It( )11 .Which of these two sweaters will you take ?Ill take .They look nearly the same ,and I just need one .(江西)A .bothB .eitherC .noneD .all( )12 .Which of your parents is a doctor ? are .(天津)A .AnyB .EitherC .BothD .Neither( )13 .He has two basketballs .One is new , is old .(北京海淀区)A .the otherB .otherC .the othersD .others( )14 .He has two sisters .One is a doctor , is a teacher .(内蒙古)A .anotherB .the otherC .otherD .others( )15 .I have two sons ,but of them lives with me .(河北)A .allB .bothC .neitherD .few( )16 .I have bought a new watch because my old doesnt work .(重庆)A .itB .oneC .thatD .this( )17 .Can you speak Russian ? Yes ,but only .(厦门)A .littleB .a littleC .fewD .a few( )18 .What would you like to have ,tea or milk ? .Id like to have a glass of water .(杭州)A .EachB .NeitherC .EitherD .Both( )19 .My car was broken and I didnt know to do .(杭州)A .whatB .whichC .whenD .how( )20 .Is here ? No .Jack and Tom have gone to the library .(湖北黄冈)A .anybodyB .nobodyC .everybodyD .all【综合能力训练】 .按括号中提示意思完成下列句子。1 .They are (我的) flowers .Please give (它们) to (我) .2 .Is this map (你的) ?No ,its (他的) .That one is (我的) .3 .I can hear (一些，什么) ,but I cant see (一些，什么) .4 .He says to (自己) ,“I cant do it by (自己)” .5 . (都) of us are students , (都) of the twins are workers .3形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest talltallertallest greatgreatergreatest（2）双音节词如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest 2以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. （2） 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：goodbetterbest wellbetterbest badworseworst illworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthest二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意： 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。 2“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”，表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner，the better. 越快越好。5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：. A is times the size /height/length/width of B. 如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高). A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍). A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。1. Which does Jimmy like _ , Chinese or Art? A. well B. best C. better D. much2. The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world.A. the longest river B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers3. _ of the two women is Mrs Brown. A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful C. More beautiful D. The most beautiful4. My mooncake is nicer _ his. A. like B. with C. for D. than5. You are fatter than _ . A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall6. He jumps _ of the three. A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthest7. My hair is longer than _ . A. my sister B. Kate C. my brothers D. Lucys8. There are _ paper here .Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little9. The pen is _ than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper10.Tom speaks Chinese _ better than Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much11.There are _ girls in Class Two than in Class Four. A. more B. nicest C. most D. best12.Its too _ for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest13.Who has _ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most14.You have more rulers than me. But _ are nicer than _ .A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your15.Tingting is _ than Meimei, but Meimei is _ than Tingting.A. all, stronger B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong D. taller, stronger16.Mother is _ in my family.A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more bu