生物医学英文论文的写作与处理技巧

生物医学英文论文的写作与处理技巧徐建青复旦大学生物医学研究院上海市(复旦大学附属)公共卫生临床中心Email: ,Why do we need to publish a paper？,To tell a scientific story through the demonstration of your data. - Scientific idea: align all your data - DataSide-effects: bring scientific reputation or even politic reputation to authors.,International Committee of Medical Journal Editors(ICMJE )Uniform Requirements for ManuscriptsSubmitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication/icmje.pdf,ICMJE historyA small group of editors of general medical journals met informally in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1978 to establish guidelines for the format of manuscripts submitted to their journals. The group became known as the Vancouver Group.The Vancouver Group expanded and evolved into the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE),TitleRunning titleAuthorshipAffiliate InstitutesCorrespondence informationKeywordsAbstractIntroductionMaterials and methodsResultsDiscussionReferenceAcknowledgmentFigure legendsFiguresTables,Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts,sample,TITLE PAGE Title and running titleNo more than 120 characters, not including spaces between words. The use of acronyms and abbreviations should be avoided. The species used for work with experimental animals must be indicated in the title. A running title is a brief description of your work. Author Names The full name and institutional affiliation of all authors must be included. In a multi-authored work involving more than a single institution, indicate individual affiliation by means of a superscript Arabic number. Indicate a change of address similarly Contact Information Name, address, telephone number, fax number, and e-mail address for author to whom proofs should be sent. This is usually the corresponding author. A corresponding author is the person who developed the scientific idea and defense the scientific value when necessary, also take the responsibility for publication related process, not necessary as the advisor or lab director. Financial Support List grants and other financial support,sample,ABSTRACT Write as continuous text organized as background and rationale for the study, objectives, main methods, main results, and conclusions. Acronyms and abbreviations must be defined in the abstract to allow the abstract to stand alone. Do not exceed 275 words or as instructed by the journal. The last section should start with Conclusion. Avoiding following problems: - only descriptive and data-less unless indicated by the instruction - Conclusion is superficial as a summary of data. Pre-revision VS revisedKeywords Three to five keywords that do not appear in the title itself: - describe the field related to your manuscript - and target at those readers who may be interested in your work - Take yourself as a person hunting for an interested field: which words will be used to look for papers?,sample,INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT Do not include a heading. Provide the minimum background information that will orientate the general reader, which acts as a pointer to position why you conducted your research work.Please bear in mind that each important statement has to be referred as to previous publications. In detail,sample,EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Provide a level of details such that another investigator could repeat the work; for methods that are used without significant modification, citation of the original work will sufficeHuman Subjects Animal Experimentation Genetic Sequence Data Manufacturers Assay detailsStatistical method,sample,CLINICAL TRIALS Randomized controlled trials should be presented according to the CONSORT guidelines (JAMA 2001;285:1987-1991 or ). Authors must provide the CONSORT checklist (found at /hep , under Instructions and Forms) with a diagram that illustrates the progress of patients through the trial, including recruitment, enrollment, randomization, withdrawal and completion, and a detailed description of the randomization procedure. Manuscripts that fail to comply with CONSORT guidelines or do not include the CONSORT checklist at the time of submission will not be reviewed for publication,sample,RESULTS Unfold the major findings of the study in graphic form from top to down if practicable, all data should point to addressing one scientific question. Do not illustrate minor details if their message is conveyed adequately by simple descriptive text. Mention all tables and figures. Avoiding the following problems: - Only descriptive words and numberless; - Data presented after the summary or conclusion; - Redundant description of assays; - Redundant discuss in result section; - No statistical p value provided; - No refer to figure and table,sample,DISCUSSION In the discussion, concisely present the implications of the new findings for the field as a whole, minimizing reiteration of the results, avoiding repetition of material in the introduction, and keeping a close focus on the specific topic of the paper. Need to tell:The consensus and differences between your findings and previous ones, provide a brief possible explanation for the discrepancy; All statements should be well referred; If the techniques are new, provide the possible applications; Point out the limitations for your study: sample size, specialized populations, problematic assay, to be prolonged observation, etc. This section will demonstrate you have well thought through.,sample,REFERENCES Number references in the order cited as Arabic numerals in parentheses on the line. Only literature that is published or in press (with the name of the publication known) may be numbered and listed; abstracts and letters to the editor may be cited, but they must be less than 3 years old and identified as such. Refer to only in the text, in parentheses, other material (manuscripts submitted, unpublished data, personal communications, and the like) as in the following example: (Chercheur X, unpublished data). If the owner of the unpublished data or personal communication is not an author of the manuscript under review, a signed statement is required verifying the accuracy of the attributed information and agreement to its publication. Use Index Medicus as the style guide for references and other journal abbreviations. List all authors up to six, using six and et al. when the number is greater than six. EndNote is a software product that we recommend to our journal authors to help simplify and streamline the research process. Download Reference Style for HEPATOLOGY: If you already use EndNote, you can download the reference style for this journal. How to Order: To learn more about EndNote, or to purchase your own copy, go to the following URL: /jendnotes *. Technical Support: If you need assistance using EndNote, contact , or visit /support .,sample,ACKNOWLEDGMENTAcknowledge personal assistance: editorial help, technique help, discussion help.Providers of special reagents: if the person has no intellectual contribution, he/she should not be presented in authors. In some cases for certain journal, the grant and other financial support is listed on the footnote page, not here.,sample,FIGURE LEGENDS Number with Arabic numerals in the order mentioned in the text. Provide a title (this should not appear on the figure itself) and sufficient explanation to render the figure intelligible without reference to the text. Explain all abbreviations and symbols. For any copyrighted material, indicate that permission has been obtained (see Permissions, below). Type figure legends consecutively on a separate sheet of paper. Please note that this section is coming with the context, not with the figures.,sample,Tables: - A brief descriptive title is required, each evaluation should be minimally represented; - Provide keys for those appeared in your tables, use keys if the name of evaluation is too long; - Provided p values for any comparisonFigures: - As clean as possible, dont present any redundant stuff in figures; - use large-sized words to provide detailed indications for each axis and possible values; - No legend is required in figures; - Provide statistical p value in figures if possibleSupplementary data: Present data which only provide as a supportive role.,CONFLICT OF INTEREST: It is imperative to claim the conflict of interest, which is defined as that the publication of this paper will bring commercial benefit to you.,Cover letter: A cover letter will tell editor what is the most interesting in your manuscript, the important implication for your findings, clear any law related issues.,sample,Copyright Permission Request Form,sample,SubmissionOn line,sample,RejectReject with opportunity to resubmitAccept with RevisionAccept,Revise a manuscript:- Revise and re-submit: Never give up even when the editor tell you to submit your manuscript to other journal if you can address the majority of issues raised by reviewers, the journal will reconsider your manuscript if you can add significant additional data in; Reviewer may ask for more data：provide data as much as you can, but not necessary for all; Prepare a detailed responses to reviewers comments: Worded politely even when you disagreed with the reviewers comments: you manuscript will be likely to be returned to the reviewers hand, nobody likes to be rejected impolitely;,Revi