BEC公式.docx

Total Factor Productivity Ratios (TFPs)=Out put (Q)Total costs ($)Partial Productivity Ratios PPRs=Out put (Q)Specific quantity (Q)Prime Cost=DM+DLConversion Cost=DL+OHManufacturing Cost=Product Cost=DM+DL+OHNonmanufacturing Cost=Periodic CostOH=Factory OH=Manufacturing OH=OH Cost=IM+IL+Other IndirectJob-Order Costing/Traditional Costing SystemOH Rate=Budgeted OH Cost Estimated Cost DriverApplied OH=Actual Cost DrivetOH RateProcess CostingEUFIFO= Beg. Completion %+Unit Started & Completed (Unit completed-Beg. WIP)+ End. WIPEU(WA)= Unit completed Beg. WIP+Unit Started & Completed+ End. WIPCost per EUFIFO=Curren CostEUCost per EU WA=Beg. Cost+Current CostEUAbsorption ApproachContribution Approach(variable costing)Revenue-COGS=Gross Margin-Operating Expense=Net IncomeRevenue-Variable Costs=Contrivution Margin-Fixed Costs=Net IncomeBreakeven Point (Unit)=Total Fixed costsCM unitBreakeven Point ($)=Unit PriceBreakeven point unit= Total Fixed CostCM % Sales Unit=(FC+Pretax Profit)CM (unit)Sales $=VC+FC+Pretax Profit=FC+Pretax ProfitCM %Margin of Safety $=Total Sales-Breakeven salesMargin of Sagety %=Margin of Safety $Total SalesSelling PriceVC (unit)FCSelling VolumeActualActualActualActualpriceActualFlexible budgetsBudgetBudgetBudgetvolumeActualMaster BudgetsBudgetBudgetBudgetBudgetStandard Direct Cost=Standard PriceStandard QStandard Indirect Cost=Standard predetermined application rateStandard QDM Price Variance=Actual Q purchased(Actual $-Standard $)DM Quantity Usage Variance=Standard $(Actual Q used-Sandard Q)DL Rate Varience=Actual HR(Actual rate-Standard rate)DL Efficienecy Variance=Standard rate(Actual HR used-Standard HR)VOH Rate SpendingVariance=Actual HR(Actual rate-Standard rate)l CPA3845 VOH spending=Actual VOH-Budget VOH(Actual QStandard$)VOH Effcicency Variance=Standard $(Actual HR-Standard HR unitActual unit) =Standard rateActual HR-Standard HR allowed for actual production volumeFOH Budget Spending Variance=Actual FOH-Budget FOH=Actual FOH-(Standard $Budget Unit)FOH Volume Variance=Budget FOH-Standard FOH allocated to production=Standard $Budget Unit-Standard $Actual Unit=Standard $(Budget Unit-Actual Unit)l CPA03831 Standard $=Budget FOH/Buget UnitSales Price Variance (Sales revenue flexible budget variance)=ActualQActual $-Budget $Sales Volume Variance=Budget CM(Actual Q-Budget Q)Cash Flow Related to Capital BudgetInception of the projectOperationsDisposal of the projectPurchase Price+Additional Reduced WC-Net Proceed sale Old=Net OutflowCash flow from Sales (1-T)+ Cost Saving (1-T)+ Der. T Dep. tax shield=Net InflowTerminal Price of New+ Salvage Value 1-T+Recovery of WCNet Proceed sale Old (Inflow)=Cash from disposal old- GainT+ LossTDiscounted Cash Flow (DCF) :NPV/IRRNPV=PVCash inflow1-T+Dep.T+Salvage(1-T)-Initial investment NPV0Make investment NPVHurdle rateAccept (內部收益率vs 最低預期回報率)IRRHurdle rateRejectPay pack period method=Net initial invetementIncrease in annual net after tax cash flow Uniform cash inflows/ Non-uniform cash flows/ Discounted payback periodOperating Leverage=%EBIT%Sales=FCVCFinancial Leverage=%EPS%EBIT=DebtEquity=AssetEquityWACC=Cost of equityEquity %+Cost of Debt after taxDebt %Weighted average interest rate=Effective annual interest payments Debt cash available= 利息加總本金加總Cost of Debt after tax=Pretax cost of debt(1-T)Cost of Preferred Stock=PS DIPrice-FCCost of Retained Earnings=Capital Asset Pricing ModelCAPM=Risk free rate+Risk Premium=Risk free rate+Market Risk premium=Risk free rate+(Market return-Risk free premium) =Discounted Cash Flow DCF=D1P0+g /(D1=D0(1+g) =Bond Yild Plus Risk Premium BYRP=Pretax cost of LTDMarket Risk Premium ROI=Income Investment Capital =Profit margin(ROS)Asset turnover=NISalesSalesAssetsROA=NIAeestsROE=NIEquityExtendded DuPont ROE=Net profit marginasset turnoverfinancial leverge=ROAFinancal leverage =NISalesSalesAssetsAssetsEquity=NIPretax incomePretax incomeEBITEBITSales SalesAssetsAssetsEquityResidual incomeRI=NI-Required return=NI-NBV(E)hurdle rateEconomic value added EVA=NOPAT-InvestmentWACCDebt to total capital ratio=DebtEquity(D+E)Debt to asset ratio=DebtAssetDebt to equity ratio=DebtEquityTime interest earned=EBITinterest expenseNet working capital=CA-CLCurrent ratio=CACLQuick ratio=Cash+marketable securities+receivableCL=CA-inventory-prepaidCLAPR of quick payment duscount annual cost=360pay period-discount perioddiscount100-discountCash conversion cycle=Inventory conversion+receivable collection-payable deferral Inventory turnover=COGSinventoryInventory conversion period=365inventory turnoverAR turnover=SalesARReceivables collection period=Days sales outstanding=365AR turnoverAP turnover=COGSAPAP deferral period=365AP turnoverNet cost of factoring =service fee+interest paid-expense savedAnnual cost of financing=net costaverage amount advance(月)Reorder point=safety stock+(lead timesales during lead time)Economic order quantity=2SOCReal GDP=Nominal GDPGDP deflator100Expansionary phaseDGDPprofitemploymentpricesSGDPprofitemploymentpricesPeakContractionary phase / (recession)DGDPprofitemploymentSGDPprofitemploymentpricesTroughRecovery phase DGDPprofitemploymentpricesWealthDGDPprofitemploymentpricesWealthDGDPprofitemploymentpricesReal interest rateDGDPprofitemploymentpricesReal interest rateDGDPprofitemploymentpricesConfidence economic outlookDGDPprofitemploymentpricesUncertain economic outlookDGDPprofitemploymentpricesAppreciated currenciesDGDPprofitemploymentpricesDepreciated currenciesDGDPprofitemploymentpricesGovernment spendingDGDPprofitemploymentpricesGovernment spendingDGDPprofitemploymentpricesConsumer taxesDGDPprofitemploymentpricesConsumer taxesDGDPprofitemploymentpricesMultiplier=1(1-MPC)=1MPS MPC=Marginal propensity to consumeChange in real GDP=Multiplier=Change in spendingInput (resource) pricesPGDPprofitemploymentpricesInput (resource) pricesPGDPprofitemploymentpricesSupplies are plentifulPGDPprofitemploymentpricesSupplies are curtailedPGDPprofitemploymentpricesGDP=Government+Investment+Consumption+Net Exports 政府/投資/個人/出口Unemployment rate=Number of unemployedTotal labor force100InflationAD/ AS 供不應求DeflationAD/ AS 供過於求CPI=current costbase year cost100Inflation rate=CPIthis period-CPIlast periodCPIlast period100Real interest rate=Nominal interest rate-inflation rateMoney supply(purchase government securities)MSIRADMoney supply(sell government securities)MSIRADDiscount rate(重貼現率:銀行跟中央借)MSIRADDiscount rateMSIRADRequired reserve ratioMSIRADRe