动词-ing(现在分词).doc

动词-ing 形式 (1) 英语课程标准将“动名词”和“现在分词”合称为“动词-ing”形式。作为非谓语动词的一种形式，动词-ing具有名词，形容词和副词的特点，它可以在句中作除了谓语以外的所有句子成分。一 动词-ing 形式的构成主动被动一般doingbeing done完成Having doneHaving been done否定式：not +doing/ having done Not being done / not having been done 二 动词-ing 形式作定语1）单个动词-ing形式作定语放在被修饰的名词前，叫做前置定语。2）动词-ing短语作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词后，叫做后置定语。3) having (been) done 该结构不能用作后置定语。作用：1）表示用途A smoking room 吸烟室 a walking stick 拐杖 drinking water饮用水A sleeping pill 安眠药 drawing board 画板 parking lot 停车场Swimming pool 游泳池 teaching building 教学楼 changing room 更衣室Driving permit 驾驶许可证 a waiting room 候车室2）表示动作boiling water 正在沸腾的水 developing countries 发展中国家the setting sun 落日 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳in the following days 在接下来的几天 the coming week 下一周3) 表所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可替换成定语从句。备注 此时该动词和被修饰的名词之间是主动关系A walking man = a man who is walking A sleeping child= a child who is sleeping. The man standing at the gate is my grandpa. = The man _ at the gate is my grandpa. 拓展 The computer _(repair) now is my brothers. 三 动词-ing 形式作表语 动词-ing形式作表语，说明主语的具体内容。这种表语与主语“等价”His job is teaching Physics in middle school. 有些动词-ing形式作表语,可以说明主语的性质特征，常翻译为“令人.的” disappointing 令人失望的 frightening 令人害怕的 Interesting 有趣的 exciting 令人兴奋的 Embrassassing 令人尴尬的 surprising 令人惊讶的 Encouraging 令人鼓舞的 puzzling 令人费解的练 习1. The news that we failed in the competition was _(disappoint). 2. From my point of view, this idea was so _(excite). 3. My brothers job is _(deliver) newspapers every day. 四 动词-ing 形式宾语补足语 该用法通常用于 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 结构中。其中，宾语是v-ing的逻辑主语1） 感官动词 see ，hear, notice注意到, smell 闻到, feel , find 发现， observe 观察,look at ,listen to notice sb./sth. doing 注意到正在做We saw a boy stealing a womans purse in the street. 2） 使役动词 “ leave, have, keep , get” leave sb/ sth. doing “让某人或某物一直处于某种状态 ” 练习1. He saw the children _(play) in the playground. 2. Im sorry to have kept you _(wait) for me for so long. 3. The child was heard _(cry) in the next room all night. 4The next morning, she found the man _(lie) in bed, dead. 5Do you hear someone _(knock) at the door? 五 动词-ing 形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间，原因，结果，条件，行为方式，伴随或补充说明。备注：1）v-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语。(破 题)2为了使作状语的v-ing 形式所表达更明确，可在前面加上适当的连词(as, because, since, once, though, while, unless ) 解题策略1 观察逗号“,”前后是否有连词，若没有，则应选择非谓语2 找到句子主语，分析空白处单词和 主语之间是否为主动关系3 分析填空处单词和主句动词是否几乎同时发生（doing）；若在主句动词之前发生，则选用完成式 （having done）l 原因状语Because she was ill, she didnt attend the meeting. = Being ill, she didnt attend the meeting. l _状语When they hear the news, they all jumped with great joy. = Hearing the news, they all jumped with great joy. l 条件状语If you work hard, youll succeed. (条件状语)= _, youll succeed. l _状语My car was caught in the heavy traffic jam, causing the delay. l _状语The students are all in the classroom, doing their homework carefully. Practice！1. When_(see) the cat, the mouse ran off. 2. _(live) in London for years, I almost know every place quite well. 3. _(work) hard, youll succeed. 4. Once _(lose) the chance, you cant easily find it. 5. _(look) out from the window, we found a beautiful garden. 6. They sat in front of the teaching building, _(laugh) and talking. 7. He turned off the lights, _(see) nothing. 8. _(walk) in the street, he caught sight of one of his close friends. 9. _(tell) many times, I still long to watch the movie one more time. 六v-ing 形式的否定式 (直接在v-ing形式前面加not等否定词汇)1_(know的否定式) her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. 2_(realize的否定) that he was in great danger, Eric walker deeper into the forest. 七 一般式和完成式的区别当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生时用一般式(doing)；在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用完成式(having done)。如：_(see) the stranger coming towards him，little Jim ran away as fast as he could. _(study)English for three years, he can read brief stories in English.八 独立主格结构The teacher being ill, the lecture was put off. Spring coming, the fields are full of life. 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致时，往往在非谓语的前面加上自己的逻辑主语，这种“名词/代词+非谓语动词” 结构与句子主语没有任何逻辑关系，被称为独立主格结构。它是一种从属结构， 不能单独成句 。1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。There _(be) no bus, we had to go back home on foot. More time _(give), we would have done it much better.Weather _(permit), well go to visit the Great Wall. 单句改错1 Having received the reply, he decided to write to him again. 2 While read the book, he wrote down a great many beautiful sentences. 3 We had a good rest in the waited room. 4 Do you know the man ran after He Yi cen? 5 This is