Unit1-A-land-of-diversity基础知识-新人教版选修8.doc

Unit 1A land of diversity多元化的社会重点单词1means n. C方法；手段(单复数同形) (1)means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。要注意，means作主语时，前有every, each, one等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数；前有several, some, many, few, all等修饰语时，谓语动词用复数。means n手段；方法；mean v意思是；打算by all means当然可以，一定，务必 by means of 依靠by no means 绝不，一点也不 by this means in this way用这种方法means of travel /transportation交通方式way多与in连用，构成in.waymethod多与with连用，构成with.methodmeans多与by连用，构成by.meansapproach多与to连用，构成approach to.用means, method, way和approach的适当形式填空。(1)He thought of an efficient_to the study of English idioms.(2)He solved the problem by this_.(3)She tried to find a_to solve the puzzle.(4)We have no better ideas, so lets try your_.(5)By no means_such a good opportunity!Ashall I miss BI shall miss Cmiss I DI miss2majority n. 大多数；大半点拨：(1)单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。The majority was/were against the plan. 大多数人反对这个计划。(2)单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students. 昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。 (3)The majority ofThe majority of the damage is easy to repair. 这次的损失大部分容易补救。完成句子(1)._(大多数学生觉得) quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.(2). Eventually he gave in to the wish of the_.AmostBmajority Caverage Dcommon(3). Less than twenty percent of the employees in their company are women. That is to say, women are in the_.AmajorityBactivity Cprobability Dminority3occur vi. 发现；出现(occurred, occurred) 某人突然想起以上结构中主语不能是人，而是想到什么事情或it作形式主语。The idea occurred to him in a dream. 这个主意是他在梦中想到的。It didnt occur to her to ask for help. 她没想到请别人帮忙。It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child. 她突然想她可能会收养一个无家可归的孩子。Her name just did not occur to my memory. 我就是想不起她的名字。运用提升(1). It suddenly_to me that we could use the computer to do the job.Astruck Boccurred Chappened Dsaw(2). Why are you so late?I was in half the way when it_to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.AoccurredBhit Chappened Dreminded(3). It had never_to him that he might be falling in love with her.Ataken place Boccurred Ccome about Dbroken out重点短语：1take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗take in 包括；吸收 take after长相或举止像(某个长辈) take apart 拆开；拆散 take as看作，认为 take away拿走；使停止，使离开；使消失；减去 take back承认说错了(话)，收回(诺言，话语) take down拿下，取下；记下来 take in接待(某人)留宿；欺瞒，欺骗；充分理解，掌握 take to喜欢上take off起飞；请假；开始有成就；开始受欢迎；开始成名 take over接管take on开始雇用；开始具有或呈现面貌；承担(责任等)take up开始花时间从事(某项活动)；对产生兴趣；开始学习(某课程)，选修；占用了(时间或空间)take a chance 碰碰运气，冒风险 take.by surprise 奇袭；出其不意做某事，使惊奇（1）These teenagers dont know much of the world yet; thats why they were so easily_.Ataken in Btaken up Ctaken on Dtaken off（2）These teenagers dont know much of the world yet; thats why they were so easily_.Ataken in Btaken up Ctaken on Dtaken off2keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)keep up with 不落后；跟得上 keep away (使)远离 keep back 隐瞒(某事)；扣，留下keep down 控制，抑制(某事物) keep on(doing) 继续(干) keep out(of) 阻止进入；不卷入，避开（1）How long do you think the terrible snow will_？Sorry, I didnt listen to the weather forecast.Akeep out Bkeep on Ckeep up Dkeep away（2）You must_a good state of mind.Akeep up Btake up Cmake up Dset up3apply for申请；请示得到 (2)apply oneself to(doing)sth.专注于；专心做某事You cant apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.在符合一定的条件之后你才能申请这一份工作。We had to apply to the government for financial help. 我们只好向政府申请财务援助。What you said doesnt apply to me. 你所说的并不适合我。He applied himself to learning English. 他专心学英语。（1）To travel to the United States，you must first apply_the American Embassy _ your visa.Afor；to Bto；for Cfor；forDto；to（2）He would like to_the position as a salesman advertised in the newspaper yesterday.Await for Bstand for Csearch for Dapply for4. a great many很多，许多(修饰可数名词)t seems that a great /good many of them are out of work now. 似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。A great many of us dont like speaking English in class. 我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。a good/great many后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/ones等，然后再加名词复数。 （1）._the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.AA great manyBThe number of CA great many ofDA great deal of5. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等归纳拓展come to life变得更有趣；变得活跃 live/lead a.life过着生活come back to life苏醒过来，恢复生机 bring.back to life使苏醒过来make/start a new life开始新生活The match finally came_to_life in the second half.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。完成句子The young men in the rural areas have to leave for big cities to_(谋生)6mark out划线标出的界限Theres a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. 有一种专为旅游者选定的迷人的驾车旅游活动。A volleyball court had been marked out on the grass. 排球场已经在草坪上画出来了。mark down记下；减价；给低分 mark up 涨价；提高分数mark off 用界限隔开 mark.with 用在某物上做标记be marked with 标有的标志练习：（1）We must_the tennis court ready for the match these days.Aflow out Bcome out Cmark out Dpoint out（2）A volleyball court had been_(标出界线)on the grass.重点句型：1That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。句中的why引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别：(1)Thats why. 那就是为什么(why从句表示结果)(2)Thats because. 那是因为(because从句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导,而不用because)Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill. 汤姆开会迟到了，那是他病了。Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting. 汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill. 汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。运用提升（1）The reason why I didnt go to France was_a new job.Abecause I got Bbecause of getting CI got Dthat I got（2）Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Beijing University?Yes，thats_he worked so hard all the time，so his efforts paid off.Awhy Bbecause Chow Dwhat（3）Is this the reason_she explained in the report for her success in the job?AwhatBthat ChowDwhy2However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。【点津】本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。It is likely that.是可能的，此句型可转化为：sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能做某事。Shes very likely to ring me tonight. Its very likely that she will ring me tonight. 她今晚很可能给我打电话。It is likely that the weather will be fine. The weather is_likely_to_be_fine. 天气可能会很晴朗。possible，probable，likely在搭配上的区别：It is possible/probable/likely that 从句It is possible for sb.to do sth.Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.练习：（1）Look, dark clouds are gathering. Its _to rain soon.Aprobable Bpossible Clikely Dperhaps（2）Studies show that people are more_to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.AlikelyBpossible CprobableDsureI.单词拼写1It was_(显然的)that the successful launch of Shenzhou drew the worlds attention.2The_(大多数)of people interviewed preferred TV to radio.3The_(改革) of teaching methods helps to the improvement of teaching quality.4As many as 200,000 head of_(牛)are raised in this area, which are likely to lead to the damage of the environment.5Many_(申请人)applied for the wellpaid job, but none of them were accepted by the company.6A high fever_(表明)that a persons body is fighting disease.7The old man_(滑倒) on the icy road and broke his leg.8He is happy that he was_(选举) monitor at the class meeting yesterday.9She had looked everywhere for her children but they were_(到处都无) to be found, which made her very worried.10What does it cost to_(租) a car for a week?II.词义辨析1Testing is still the usual_by which students progress is measured.AwayBmethod Cmanner Dmeans2As we can see, in the nursing profession, women are in the _.Amajority Bnationality Cidentity Dpossession3What_of babies die of this disease in African countries every year?Apercentage Bamount Cnumber Dquantity4As the wages were low, there were few_for the job.Aenterprises Bapplicants Cpurchases Dprofits5I saw in the paper that another earthquake had_in Sichuan, causing many deaths.Aslipped Breacted Coccurred Doccupied6The bell_the end of the class rang, interrupting our heated discussion.Ainserting Bindicating Cgoverning Dreflecting7It was_from her face that she was really upset.Better leave her alone.Aracial Babundant Cflexible Dapparent8Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it_away?Adrill Bclick Cscan Dslip9He earned his living by_himself out to whoever needed his services.Adragging Badapting Chiring Dbanning10She_her key into the lock, turned it but the lock wouldnt open.Ainserted Badopting Cstressing Dabusing1.：(1)approach(2)means(3)way(4)method A 解析by no means置于句首，句子采用部分倒装。2. 答案：(1).The majority of students find it (2).答案B (3). 答案：Din the minority “占