大学英语语法教程-第一讲-句子结构ppt课件

LectureoneSentenceStructure Lecture36Modification 简单句的五个基本句型1 主语 系动词 主语补语 SVC Grammarishell 2 主语 不及物动词 SV Grammarsucks 3 主语 及物动词 宾语 SVO Ihategrammar 简单句的五个基本句型4 主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 SVoO ShegaveJohnabook 5 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补语 SVOC Shemakeshermotherangry Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage Hefeltithisdutytomentionthistoher 分析 it是形式宾语 hisduty是宾语补足语 tomentionthistoher是真正的宾语 Xinchunreturnedfromabroadadifferentman Theitalicizedpartfunctionsasa n TEM4 2013 52 A appositive 同位语 B objectC adverbialD complement D 教材14页称该现象为双重谓语 英语里有一个句型 主语 不及物动词 非系动词 形容词 或名词 一派语法学家称其为带双谓语的句型 另一派则把它称作带主语补语的句型 如 Theymarriedyoung Hediedhappy Hediedapoorman 2011年TEM4中 宾语 1主语 1主谓关系 12012年TEM4中 同位语 2主语 1宾语 1状语 3 状语从句1 介词短语做状语2 2013年TEM4中 同位语 1补语 1主谓关系 1 1 主语 subject 句子说明的人或事物 Thesunrisesintheeast 名词 Helikesdancing 代词 Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory 数词 Seeingisbelieving 动名词 Toseeistobelieve 不定式 Whatheneedsisabook 主语从句 Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree 2 谓语 predicate 是对主语加以陈述 表示主语的行为或状态 常用动词或者动词词组担任 放在主语的后面 WestudyEnglish Heisasleep Idon tlikethepictureonthewall Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes 3 表语 predicative 即主语补语 系动词之后的成分 表示主语的性质 状态和特征 Heisateacher 名词 Fiveandfiveisten 数词 Heisasleep 形容词 Hisfatherisin 副词 Thepictureisonthewall 介词短语 Mywatchisgone missing lost 形容词化的分词 Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome 表语从句 常见的系动词有 be sound look feel smell taste remain feel turn 找出下列句中的表语 Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired Theleaveshaveturnedyellow Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit 4 宾语 1 动宾表示行为的对象 常由名词或者代词担任 放在及物动词之后 如 IlikeChina 名词 Hehatesyou 代词 Ienjoyworkingwithyou 动名词 Ihopetoseeyouagain 不定式 Didyouwritedownwhathesaid 宾语从句 2 介词后的名词 代词和动名词 介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake Underthesnow therearemanyrocks 3 双宾语 间宾 指人 和直宾 指物 Hegavemeabookyesterday Givethepoormansomemoney 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Pleasetellusastory Mr Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm 5 宾补 对宾语的补充 全称为宾语补足语 Weelectedhimmonitor Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn tcomehere Wewillmakethemhappy Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson Don tkeepthelightsburning 名词monitor 名词apity 形容词happy toteachthelazyboyalesson 现在分词burning 6 定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词 词组或句子 Yanlingisachemistryteacher 名词 Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson 形容词 Themanoverthereismyoldfriend 副词 Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister 介词 TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2 现在分词 YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo 定语从句 7 状语 用来修饰v adj adv or句子 教材421页 Iwillgotheretomorrow Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell Hedidn tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam Ilikesomeofyouverymuch Ifyoustudyhard youwillpasstheexam Hegoestoschoolbybike Thoughheisyoung hecandoitwell 时间 地点 原因 程度 目的 结果 条件 方式 让步 1 Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial TEM4 2012 62 A Despitetherain everyoneenjoyedthetrip B Themanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager C Everyprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureoftheplan D AreyousureofSimon sdisappearance 2 Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasesisanadverbialofconcession TEM4 2012 64 A Theyusedtheboxforkeepingtreasure B Isteppedasideforhertogetinfirst C Forallthatheseemstodislikeme Istilllikehim D Theparentsboughtabirthdaycakefortheirson C A 教材308 309页 1 AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT TEM4 2012 59 A Onlyoneproblemstillremains thefood B Sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes C Myfriendsallunderstandandsupportme D Shelikedhercurrentjob teachingEnglish 2 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive TEM4 2013 61 A Heisnotthemantodrawback B Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie C Larryhasalargefamilytosupport D Thereisreallynothingtofear 8 同位语 教材418页 两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位 如果它们所指相同 句法功能也相同 我们就把这种结构叫做同位结构 而把后项叫做前项的同位语 如 thecityofShanghaitheyear2014Playingfootball hisonlyinterestinlife hasbroughthimmanyfriends Duringallthoseyearstheyoungmanhadbutoneaim tofightfortheindependenceofhiscountry Hestudieslinguistics orthescienceoflanguage Someanimals forexamplethefoxandsquirrel havebushytails 1 AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT TEM4 2012 59 A Onlyoneproblemstillremains thefood B Sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes C Myfriendsallunderstandandsupportme D Shelikedhercurrentjob teachingEnglish 2 Whichofthefoll