医学类英语词根

MedicalEnglishforpostgraduates 主讲人 彭继兰 Word building基本意义单位第一种符号第二种符号 word root 人mananthrop花flowerantho时timechron色colourchrom 石stonelith水waterhydro生命lifebio头headcephal牙toothdent lith lithoscope结石检查器lithectomy结石切除术lithoid如石的 lithurolith尿结石nephrolith肾结石cholelith胆结石 aerolith陨石megalith巨石monolith独石柱trilith三石 塔 zoolith动物化石entemlith昆虫化石 Thepartsofhumanbody人体部位1 头headcapit caput L cephal G 2 颈neckcarotico G cervic L 3 胸chestpectus L pectorisa steth G thorac G 4 腹abdomenabdomin L lapar G 5 腰waistn lumb L lumbus L n 6 盆 肾盂pelvispelvi L 7 肩shoulderom L 8 臂armbrachi L brachiumn 9 肘elbowcubitus L 10 前臂forearmantebrachi 11 腕wristcarpus L 12 手handmanu L manusn cheir kai r G 13 指 趾 finger toe dactyl G dactylogram fingerprint指纹phalanxn G digitusn L 14 臀buttock breech nump clunis L n gluteal G a gloutosn pyg G 15 股thighfemur L n 16 膝kneegenu L 17 小腿legcrus L 18 踝ankletalus L n 19 足footped L pod G organsandtissues组织和器官1 cell细胞cyt cyte G 2 gland腺体aden G 3 muscule肌肉muscul L my G 4 skin皮肤derm at G 5 bone骨oste G 6 joint关节arthr G 7 heart心cardi G 心肌myocardi 8 brain脑encephal G cerebrum大脑cerebr L cerebellum小脑cerebell L 9 bile胆 汁 bili L chole chol o G 10 liver肝hepat G 11 stomach胃gastr G 12 intestine肠enter G 13 lung肺pneumon G 肺炎pneumonia pneumonitis14 pneum at 呼吸 空气 肺气胸pneumothorax15 bronchus支气管bronch L 16 spleen脾splen G 17 kidney肾nephr G ren L 18 testis睾丸orchi d G 19 womb子宫metr G uter L 20 breast乳房mast G mamm L 21 spine脊柱rachi G 22 eye眼ophthalm G ocul L 左眼oculussinister 0 S 右眼oculusdexter 0 D 23 ear耳auri L 外耳 心耳ot G otitismedia中耳炎24 nose鼻nas L otorhinolaryngology耳鼻喉科学rhin G rhinophyma 肥大性 酒糟鼻25 throat咽pharyng G pharynxn pharyngitis咽炎throat喉laryng G larynxn 喉炎laryngitis26 toothdent L dentistry牙科学dentist牙科医生denture义齿 牙托odont G odontolith牙结石27 bloodvesselangi G vascul L vascularadj vasospasm血管痉挛vasoconstriction血管收缩 28 vein静脉ven L phleb G 29 artery动脉arteri L 30 nerve神经neur G neurasthenia神经衰弱31 blood血haem hemat hem 32 bladder膀胱 G cyst cystitis膀胱炎cystofibroma囊性纤维瘤 33 bileduct胆管cholangi 34 fat脂肪lip G 35 fibre纤维fibr L 36 trachea气管trache G 37 meninx脑膜 脊髓膜mening G 38 spinalcord脊髓myel G 39 encephalomyel 脑脊髓40 colon结肠colo G 41 thrombus血栓thromb G embolus plug 42 platelet血小板thrombocyt G Diseasesandmorbidcondition疾病和病态1 炎 inflammation itis G 2 疼痛 ache algia G neuralgia神经疼痛myalgia肌肉疼痛arthralgia关节疼痛3 膨出 疝 hernia cele G gastrocele胃疝4 扩张 膨胀 dilation ectasis G bronchiectasis支气管扩张 5 充血 血症 congestion emia G anemia贫血症leukemia白血病bacteremia菌血症6 巨大 肿大 swelling megaly G hepatomegaly肝肿大splenomegaly脾肿大7 瘤 tumor oma G fibroma纤维瘤lipoma脂肪瘤encephaloma脑瘤 8 病 异常 增多 abnormalincrease osisacidosis酸中毒leukocytosis白细胞增多9 减少 decrease penia G lymphocytopenia淋巴细胞减少leukocytopenia白细胞减少10 麻痹 瘫痪 paralysis plegia G hemiplegia半身不遂quadriplegia四肢瘫痪 11 下垂 prolapse optosisgastroptosis胃下垂choleocystoptosis胆囊下垂12 出血 hemorrhage rrhagiarhinorrhagia鼻出血gastrorrhagia胃出血 SurgicalOperation 外科手术 1 穿刺 puncture centisis G abdominocentisis腹腔穿刺thoracocentisis胸腔穿刺2 切除术 excision removal resection ectomy G thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术3 切开术 incise incision otomy G tracheotomy气管切开术angiotomy血管切开术 4 造口术 吻合术 anastomosev anastomosisn ostomygastrostomy胃吻合术enterostomy肠造口术colostomy结肠造口术tracheostomy气管造口术5 缝合术 suture orrhaphycardiorrhaphy neurorrhaphy angiorrhaphy Position方位 1 在 之上 在 之外epi G on out epicondyle髁上骨epicardium心外膜epicardiectomy心外膜切除术epidermis表皮 在 上 超过 above super L supra L superacute超急性的supernormal超常的superextension伸展过度的supra epiocondylar位于髁上骨之上的supranormal超常的suprarenal肾上的 肾上腺的 2 在 下 次于 不足sub L under subacute亚急性的subtotal次全的subclinical亚临床的subcostal肋下的subnutrition营养不足下 在下 beneath infra L infracostal肋下的infracortical皮质下的infraorbital眼眶下的infra axillary腋下的3 向内 在内 within end o G endocrine内分泌endotoxin内毒素 金 endoscope内窥镜endogenous内源性的内 在内 within intra L intracardiac心脏内的intramuscular肌肉内的intraoperative手术中的intravenous静脉内的intrahepatic肝内的 在内 入内 进入 within intro L introgastric导入胃内的intromit插入introvert性格内向的introflexion内屈4 外 外侧 outside ect o G ectocardic心脏异位的 ectogenous外源性的ectotoxin外毒素向外 在外 outside exo G exotoxin外毒素exocrine外分泌exocardia心脏异位外 额外 向内 outward extra L 加在形容词之前表示超出 越出 之外extracellular细胞外的extrasystole期外收缩的extralegal法律权力以外的extraordinary非凡的5 在 前 before ante L anteflexin 子宫 前屈antemarital婚前 A M antemeridian午前 上午antemortem死前 before pre L precardium心前部 心口 premature早产的 precapillary前毛细血管presystole收缩前期 前 初 前体 before forward pro G proenzyme酶原procedure程序prochromosome初染色体6 post L after postmeridian午后的postdiastolic舒张后的posthepatitic肝炎后的 postcerebral大脑后的postwar战后的postcerebellar小脑后的postmortem死后 尸检 postgraduate研究生retro L backward 向后 倒退retroperitoneal腹膜后的retroaction反作用的 retrobronchial支气管后的7 旁 外 副 远处para G parathyroid甲状旁腺的paraplegia截瘫的 下肢麻痹的parasympathetic副交感的8 在 周围peri G pericardium心包 periosteum骨膜perimeter周长 Comparison对比1 macro 大 异常体积 G 巨球蛋白macroglobulin巨细胞macrocyte巨结肠macrocolon肉眼检查macroscopemega G 巨直肠megarectummegalo G 巨脾megalosplenia micro 小 G 微生物microbe显微镜microscope显微外科microsurgery微型手术刀microtome微波microwave 2 multi 多 L 多病灶的multifocal多核的multinuclear多型的multiform多菌感染multi infection细胞簇multicellpluri 多 L 多核的plurinuclear 全血球减少pluricytopenia多种耐药性的pluriresistantpoly 多 G 多腺瘤polyadenoma多血管炎polyangiitis红细胞增多症polycytemia多动脉炎polyarteritis oligo 少 不足 G 红细胞过少oligocytemia白细胞过少oligoleukocytosis营养不足oligotrophia胆汁过少oligocholia 3 tachy 快 G 心动过速tachycardia呼吸急促tachypnea记速器tachymeter快速免疫法tachyphylaxis心收缩过速 期外收缩 tachysystole brady 慢 G 心动过缓bradycardia呼吸徐缓bradypnea心舒张期延长bradydiastole 4 hyper 过高 超过 G 高血压hypertension高脂肪血症hyperlipemia代谢过盛hypermetablism体温过高hyperthermiahypo 低下 过少 G 低血糖症hypoglycemia贫血hypohemia anemia低血压hypotension甲状腺技能减退hypothyroidism Examination检查 方法和仪器 1 ography造影术 X光照相术 描记法胆管造影术cholangiography心动描记法cardiography放射照相术radiography断层摄影术temography胆囊造影术cholecystography 2 oscopy镜检法 检查法膀胱镜检法cystoscopy胃镜检查法gastroscopy喉镜检查法laryngoscopy气管镜检法tracheoscopy结肠镜检法coloscopy肝脏检查法hepatoscopy 3 o metry 计数法 测量法血小板计数法thrombometry白细胞计数法leukocytometry红细胞计数法erythrocytometry结石测定法lithometry血红素测定法hemoglobinometry 4 graph G 描记器 记录器 照片肠运动记录器enterograph脉搏计angiograph呼吸运动描记器pneumograph肝搏动描记器hepatograph5 gram描记波 描记图 照片肌运动描记波myogram心动图cardiogram 5 scope 镜 检查器胃镜gastroscope气管镜tracheoscope膀胱镜cystoscope口腔镜stomatoscope石镜检查器lithoscope呼吸检查器pneumoscope肌缩检查器myoscope 6 o meter计数器 测量器细胞计数器cytometer结石测定器lithometer血小板计数器thrombometer血成分测定器hematometer肠腔测量器enterometer血管口径张力器angiometer肌力计myometer呼吸气量测定器pneumometer Exercise1 关节疼痛8 脑膜炎2 膀胱疝9 血管扩张3 脂血症10 静脉出血4 肝瘤11 脾肿大5 血小板减少12 脑瘫6 神经官能症13 腰穿7 子宫下垂14 肝切除术 Exercise1 关节疼痛arthralgia2 膀胱疝cystocele3 脂血症lipemia4 肝瘤hepatoma5 血小板减少thrombocytopenia6 神经官能症neurosis7 子宫下垂hysteroptosis metroptosis uteroptosis 8 脑膜炎meningitis9 血管扩张angiectasis10 静脉出血phleborrhagia11 脾肿大splenomegaly12 脑瘫encephaloplegia13 腰穿lumbocentisis14 肝切除术hepatectomy 15 静脉放血术16 胃肠吻合术17 血管缝合术18 气管切开术19 支气管镜检法20 充气胃镜检查法21 肺x光照相术22 肾造影术23 巨淋巴细胞24 显微外科25 多动脉炎26 细胞增多症27 白细胞减少28 心动过速29 呼吸缓慢30 高血糖症31 甲状腺机能亢进32 低血压 15 静脉放血术phlebotomy16 胃肠吻合术gastroenterostomy17 血管缝合术angiorrhaphy18 气管切开术tracheotomy19 支气管镜检法bronchoscopy20 充气胃镜检查法pneumogastroscopy21 肺x光照相术pneumonography 22 肾造影术nephrography23 巨淋巴细胞macrolymphocyte24 显微外科microsurgery25 多动脉炎polyarteritis26 细胞增多症cytosis polycythemia27 白细胞减少oligocytosisoligocythemia28 心动过速tachycardia 29 呼吸缓慢bradypnea30 高血糖症hyperglycemia31 甲状腺机能亢进hyperthyroidism32 低血压hypotension UnitOne 1 Comparedwithothernutrients thereislessdemandforvitaminsandmineralsalt 2 LackofVitaminCmayresultinscurvy adiseasewhichischaracterizedbypainfulmuscle weakness hemorrhage fragilebones looseteethanddentalcaries 3 VitaminsareclassifiedaccordingtothelettersofEnglishalphabet TheyarereferredtoasVitaminsA B C D E KandcomplexVitaminB 4 Nutriology Thescienceofnutrition isthestudyofhowfoodaffectshumanbody Or Nutriologyisasciencewhichdealswiththestudyofhowfoodaffectsthehumanbody 5 ItisthoughtthatVitaminCcanimproveshort termmemoryandevencan cure schizophrenia UnitFour1 Existence Subsistence dependsonacontinuoussupplyoffoodandoxygen Theformerentersthehumanbodythroughthedigestivesystemwhilethelatterthroughtherespiratorysystem 2 Sometimesthevesselsoftheliverorkidneysmaycontract inwhichcasetheorgancouldshrink 3 Onetypicalsymptomofnephritisisedemawhichmeansabnormalaccumulationoffluidsinbodytissuesorbodycavities 4 Thelong termdamagetonephronshasfinallymadethekidneyscompletelylosetheirfunctions 5 Whenrenalfunctionisdestroyed theexcretoryspeedofuriccalciumslowsdown UnitSix1 AlthoughDNAdactyloscopy fingerprint wasnotusedasamethodofdifferentialexamination itwasusedtofind seekhereditarymarksforhereditarydisorders 2 Ifonlyasmallnumberofachild sDNAstripstallywithhismother sorhisfather s thechild sparentsareothers notthosewhosefingerprintshavebeenexamined 3 par 4onP 394 Socalledviraltransductionistoinsertthedesiredgeneintoavirusthatwouldinfecttheafflictedtissueandusethevirustogetthegenetoitstargetcellswithdefectivegenes 5 Thelastsentenceonpage41 UnitEight1 Theheart bloodandvesselsmakeupthreeimportantpartsofthevascularsystem 2 Theoxygenatedbloodreturnstotheheartthroughthepulmonaryveins 3 CapillariesarethesmallbloodvesselswhichJointhearteriolestovenules 4 Mildhypertensionislimitedbysomespecialiststothenumbers readingsofdiastolicpressuresbetween90 110mmHg 5 Beforemiddleageapersonwithsystolicpressureabove150ordiastolicpressureabove90allthetimeshouldbeconsideredasahypertensive UnitEleven1 Leukemiaischaracterizedbyabnormalproliferationofleukocytesoftenwithanemiaandenlargementoflymphnodes spleenandliver 2 Atpresentthecausesofleukemiaisstillunknown Thediagnosiscanbemadeaccordingtotheexaminationoftheperipheralbloodandspinalcord 3 Thechangesofqualityandquantityinthecorrespondingtypesofleukocytesmaybefoundinthepatient speripheralblood 4 Inthepatientswithchroniclymphocyticleukemia theirlymphocytesweresuspectedofbeingimmuno incompetent Sothepatientsaresusceptibletoinfectionwithbacteriaandmaydevelopvirulentreactiontoviralinfection 5 Leukemiamayoccuratanyagebutchildrenandyoungpeoplearemoresusceptibletoacutelymphocyticleukemiathantheelderly UnitTwelve1 Hightemperature withmuchmo