状语从句王.doc

状语从句I. 分析以下句子1. When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 2. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bing a year of plenty.3. Wherever he went, he was warmly welcome. 4. We left early so that we could catch the first train. 5. The chair flew away so fast that you could not see it. 6. You had better play one kind of music if you want to become famous.7. They didnt want to protect us even though tourists love to see us.8. It looks as if/as though it is going to rain. 9.If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed. 仔细分析以上例句，我们不难看出，划线部分在复合句中做了状语。而划线部分又是一个分句， 所以它们是状语从句。 状语从句在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词。它可以分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较等状语从句。II. 各类状语从句(I) 时间状语从句1常用来引导时间状语从句的连接词有as, when, whenever, while, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, hardly/scarcely/ barelywhen/before, no sooner than等。如：He made a mistake，but then he corrected the situation before it got worse他犯了错误，但没等局势恶化，他就扭转了局势. Jack had scarcely/hardly seen me when/before he left the room. 杰克一看到我就离开了房间。2某些表示时间的副词、名词短语和介词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如directly, immediately, instantly, the instant, the moment, the minute, the second,the day, the year, each/every time, next time, the first/second/last time, by the time等。 如：Directly I received your letter, I came back at once. 我一收到你的信，就马上回来了。3.注意till/untill 1) till 与 until意思相同，但是till 一般不位于句首，也不用于强调句型。 2） I wait until/until he had finished his work. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 在肯定句中， 主句的谓语动词肠胃延续性动词，意思为“做某事直到某时”， 在否定句中，主句的谓语动词多为瞬间动词，意思为“ 直到某时才做某事”。3）Not until his mother came home did he go to bed. not until 放在句首时， 主句要用部分倒装， 此时不可换成 till. 4) It wa not until the professor came that we we began the experiment. not untill 的强调句式： It is/was not until . that . 4.1） I had hardly sat down when the telephone rang 2）Hardly had I sat down when the telphone rang. No sooner than. 与 hardly/scarcely-when /before后面的主句中需用过去完成时， than和when/before 后面的从句用一般过去时。否定词位于句首时用部分倒装。(II) 原因状语从句1. 原因状语从句一般由because, as, since, now that, in that, seeing that, considering that, not that but that, by reason that, for fear that, for the reason that, on the ground that等引导。 如：1）As it is raining, lets stay at home. 因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。2）A gas differs from liquid in that it has no definite shape. 气体不同于固体就在于它没有一定的形状。2. because/as/since/now that/in that 1）-why didnt yo come to the meeting? - Because I had a bad cold. 2)Since no one is against it, lets carry out the plan.3)As it was getting late, we had to go home.4) Now (that) you are well agin, you can go on with your work.5) The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people form trying to earn more. 6) we must start early, for we have a long way to walk. Because 引导的从句常位于主句之后，表示原因的语气最强，用来回答why 引导的疑问句。as/since 引导的从句常位于主句之前，比because 语气弱。Since 意思是“既然，鉴于”， 比as 正式，表示双方都知道的原因。as是对结果的附加说明。now that 用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论，位于句首时， 可省略that. in （that）与because 同义，但不能位于句首。for 可以表示原因，但是它连接的是并列句。(III) 地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由where, wherever, everywhere 和anywhere引导。如：Wherever he went, he was warmly welcome. 无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈的欢迎。(IV) 目的状语从句目的状语从句常由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等引导。从句谓语常由“can/could, may/might动词原形”构成，有时也用“shall/should，will/would 动词原形”。 如：We left early so that we could catch the first train. 我们很早出发，以便能赶上第一班火车。He ran away lest he (should) be caught. 他怕被抓，因而逃走了。(V) 结果状语从句结果状语从句由so that, such that, so that, such that, so, that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that, with the result that等引导。The shock was such that she was almost driven mad. 因为打击太大，她差点发疯。 The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the house. 温度如此之高，消防队员不得不离开那个着火的房子。注：so 或such位于句首时，主句需用倒装语序。如：So fierce was their dog that no one dared come near. 他们的狗真凶恶，没有人敢走近它。(VI)条件状语从句1. 条件状语从句由if, unless, only if（只要）, if only（但愿），when（如果），suppose/supposing（假如），as/so long as（只要），given that（假设），provided/providing that（假如），granted/ granting (that)（假定），on condition that（条件是）等引导。如：Ill lend it to you as long as you handle it with care. 只要你小心使用，我会借给你的。2. 时态：若主句为一般将来时，条件状语从句中谓语需用一般现在时代替将来时。如：If you are free tomorrow, I will go to see you. 但如果从句表示的是主语的意志、志愿或以you作主语表示请求时，则用will，would。如：Id be very glad if you would come. 3. 省略1) If ( I am ) invited, Ill go to the party. 2) Correct the mistakes in your compositon if ( there is )any. (VII)、让步状语从句1. 让步状语从句由as, though, although, even if/though, whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whether or, no matter+ wh-词, be, while, granted that, for all that等引导。如：While/Although he has some shortcomings, he also has some good points. 虽然他有一些缺点，但也有一些优点。Be it rain or shine, I must go. 不管天晴还是下雨，我必须去。2. as/though/although1）Selfish as/though he is, he is not without merits. 尽管他自私，但不是没有优点。2）Child as he is, he knows a lot. 3）Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 引导让步状语从句时，as必须用倒装结构，把表语（ 形容词，副词，名词），状语，动词原形提前。可数名词单数时，不加冠词。though可用也可不用倒装，although 不倒装。(IX) 方式状语从句1. 方式状语从句由as, as if/though, the way, how, as as, not so/as as, just as (so)等引导。 如： It looks as if/as though it is going to rain. 看上去要下雨了。Do it the way (that) you were told. 要照告诉你的去做。2. 特殊句式: A 和 B的关系，就像C 和D 的关系。1)As water is to fish, so air is to man.2)Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.(X) 比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引导。e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.The busier he is, the happier he feels.III. 状语从句要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.If (you are) asked you may come in.If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）IV. 实战演练(I) 仔细分析一下，下面的复合句中包含哪种状语从句，填在后面的括号里。1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. （ ）2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be. （ ）3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.（ ）4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.（ ）5.I shall go to the park unless it rains. （ ）6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. （ ）7. Where there is water, there is life. （ ）8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.（ ）9. Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you.（ ）10. Even if (though) I fail. Ill never lose heart. （ ）11. Once you begin the work, you must continue. （ ）12. I will find her wherever she may be. （ ）13. Now that youve come, youd better have dinner with us.（ ）14. He was so excited that he couldnt fall asleep. （ ）15. We must do everything as he tells us. （ ）（II）用适当的连词填空：1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China _ he was fifty.2. He began to work _ he got there.3. Lets begin our meeting _everyone is here.4. I like the English people, _ I dont like their food.5. _ you go in China, you can see smiling faces.6. He didnt come to the lecture, _ he was very busy.7. _we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.8. They will help you _ you meet with difficulty.9. _ we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.10.I didnt join them yesterday evening _ I had to go to an important meeting.11. We would try to get a car _we could all travel together more easily.12. She wouldnt forget her mothers birthday _ she seldom wrote to her family.13. The meeting became so disorderly _ the speaker had to shout the audience down.14. The boy was so tired _ he fell asleep on the bus.15. Hard _ he tried, he couldnt force the door open.(III) 从下面四个选项中选出最佳选项。1._ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.A. Much B. However C. As D. Although2. Poor _ it may be, there is no place like home, _ you may go.A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that; wherever3. The child was _ immediately after supper.A. enough tired to go to bed B. too tired to go to bedC. so tired that he went to bed D. very tired, he went to bed4. The history of nursing _ the history of man.A. as old as B. is old than C. that is as old as D. is as old as5. _ born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York.A. Since B. Once C. When D. Although6._ we stood at the top of the building, the people below were hardly visible.A. As B. Although C. Unless D. In spite of7. Scarcely w as George Washington in his teens _ his father died.A. than B. as C. while D. when8. _ David goes, he is welcome.A. Whichever B. However C. Wherever D. Whatever9. The house stood _ there had been a rock.A. which B. at which C. when D. where10. Small _ it is, the pen is a most useful tool.A. because B. so C. if D. as11. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as12. The piano in the other shop will be _, but _.A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as betterC. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good13. John plays football _, if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as14. Although he is considered a great writer,A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read15. _ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As16.What was the party like? Wonderful. It s years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. when C. before D. since17. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then18. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever19. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. which D. when20._, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is he B. However he is lateC. However is he late D. However late he is 21. -Mum, what di your doctor say?-He advised me to lie _ the air is fresher.A. in whereB. in whichC. the place whereD. where22. - Why didnt you tellhim about the meeting?- He fushed out of the room _ I could say a word.A. untilB. when C. after D. before23. _ youve tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 24. In time of serious accidents, _ we kkonw some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.A. whether B. untilC. if D. unless25. We wont keep winning games _ we keep playing well. A. becauseB. unlessC. whenD. while26. This is a bery interesting book. Ill buy it _.A. no matter how it may costB. how may it castC. how much may it costD. however much it may cost27. - How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?- Perhaps two or three years.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. before28. _ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem( 生态系统) to recover. A. Even if B. If onlyC. WhileD. Once29. Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals.A. asB. thatC. whatD. which30. How can you expect to learn anything _ you never listen?A. in caseB. even ifC. unlessD. when (IV) 英汉互译。1. So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off2. Its ages since I sailedhave sailed a boat3. Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.4. No matter what happened , we would not mind.5. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if (as though) it were broken.(虚拟语气)6. 无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。7. 他喝了咖啡没多一会儿，就犯困了。 8既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 9. 你最好在不懂的地方做个记号。10. 无论你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。参考答案（I）1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 让步2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be.比较3. He talks as if (as though