三副航海英语习题讲解2.docx

2017航海英语复习二Key word 8: chart8-1 chart projection (12)A58. A Mercator chart is a _.A. cylindrical projection B. simple conic projectionC. polyconic projection D. rectangular projection【知识点】墨卡托投影【解析】A、圆柱投影 B、单圆锥投影 C、多圆锥投影 D、正交投影注：相关题目B84. The only cylindrical chart projection widely used for navigation is the _.A. Lambert conformal B. Mercator C. Azimuthal D. GnomonicC59. On a mercator chart, 1 nautical mile is equal to _.A. 1 minute of longitude B. 1 degree of longitude C. 1 minute of latitude D. 1 degree of latitude【知识点】墨卡托投影【解析】墨卡托投影中，1海里的长度为纬度1分。A61. Distance along a track line is measured on a Mercator chart by using the _.A. latitude scale near the middle of the track lineB. longitude scale near the middle of the track lineC. latitude scale at the mid latitude of the chartD. latitude or longitude scale at the middle of the scale【知识点】纬度渐长【解析】track line 航迹线注：相关题目B102. Why do distances always have to be measured from the nearest scale on a Mercator chart? A. because it is the most efficient way B. because it varies for each latitudeC. because it varies with the change of longitude D. because it is the most straight lineC101. Which one of the following is incorrect about Mercator projection?A. it projects a sphere onto a cylinderB. because the resulting distance between latitudes are constantly increasing, it is also called progressive projection.C. it can always give true distances.D. its advantage is that longitude and latitude are at right angles, which makes【知识点】墨卡托投影【解析】progressive projection 渐长投影D103. How long would 15 minutes of longitude be at a latitude of 60 degrees north?A. 30 n mile B. 60 n mile C.5 n mile D. 7.5 n mile【知识点】墨卡托投影【解析】假设地球是个标准的球体，如图所示，地球的半径（也就是赤道的半径）为R，某个纬线圈的纬度为，且该纬线圈的半径为r，则r=RcosC90. What defines a great circle?A. a curved line drawn on a Mercator chartB. a course line that inscribes a loxodromic curveC. the shortest distance between any two points on the earthD. the smallest circle that can be drawn on the face of a sphere【知识点】大圆海图（心射投影）【解析】great circle 大圆圈 loxodromic curve 等角航线：与经线成相同角度的线。注：相关题目B260. The shortest distance between any two points on earth defines a_A. small circle B. great circle C. rhumb line D. HyperbolaD56. All straight lines represent great circle tracks on a chart based on a(n) _.A. Mercator projection B. polyconic projectionC. orthographic projection D. gnomonic projection【知识点】大圆海图（心射投影）【解析】orthographic projection 正射投影 gnomonic projection 心射投影A93. When navigating in high latitudes and using a chart based on a Lambert conformal projection_.A. a straight line drawn on the chart approximates a great circleB. the chart should not be used outside of the standard parallelsC. the course angle is measured at the mid-longitude of the track lineD. distance cannot be measured directly from the chart【知识点】兰伯特正型投影（正轴等角圆锥投影）【解析】设圆锥投影面与地球相切于一条纬线或相割于两条纬线上，按等角条件将经纬线网投影到圆锥面上，沿一母线展平。经线投影后为辐射直线，纬线为同心圆圆孤，经线间的间隔与经差成正比，经线交于极点。B94. When using a Lambert conformal chart in high latitudes，angles such as bearings are measured in reference to _. A. the meridian through the object of the bearing B. the meridian through the ships position C. the meridian midway between the ship and the object D. any meridian 【知识点】兰伯特正型投影（正轴等角圆锥投影）【解析】方位计量的起始位置是真北。8-2 chart scale ( 7 )D98. Generally, _ are used as the track charts on the high seas, _ are used for harbors, inland waters and coastal areas.A. Mercator charts / Loran charts B. Admiralty charts / Routeing chartsC. large scale charts / small scale charts D. small scale charts / large scale charts【知识点】海图比例尺【解析】公海上航行图用小比例尺海图，港口、内陆水域和沿海地区用大比例尺海图。C190. On small scale charts of ocean areas where hydrographic information is, in many cases, still_, charted shoals may be in error as regards position, depth and extent.A. spare B. spade C. sparse D. Spear【知识点】海图比例尺【解析】hydrographic information 水文信息 shoal 浅滩，注意与同音词shore的对比。注：相关题目B261. On small scale charts of ocean areas where hydrographic information is，in many cases，still sparse，charted shoals may be in error as regards_A. position B. position，depth and extent C. depth and extent D. position and extentA287. Full details of all light and fog signals are shown on _A. large scale chart B. small scale chart C. ocean chart D. routing chart【知识点】海图比例尺【解析】灯标和雾号的完整详细信息在大比例尺海图上。相关题目B288. Ocean charts are _ones.A. large scale B. small scale C. inappropriate D. omittedA289. What cannot be found in the large scale chart ?A. radio beacons of small range B .full details of all lightsC .both small and large scale charts D. neither small nor large scale chartsB148. A chart with a natural scale of 1:160000 is classified as a _.A. sailing chart B. general chart C. coast chart D. harbor chart【知识点】海图比例尺【解析】一个很令人讨厌的题目！正宗的舶来题。完全颠覆了我们航海学的知识。且看其姊妹题Which nautical charts are intended for coastwise navigation outside of outlying reefs and shoals? a. Approach charts b. General charts c. Sailing charts d. Coastal charts典型的USCG分类： sailing chart 1:600,000general chart 1:150,0001:600,000coast chart 1:50,0001:150,000harbor chart 1:50,0008-3 symbols and abbreviations of chart (21)B297._ gives a description of the symbol and abbreviations used on Admiralty Paper Charts.A. ocean passages for the World(NP136)B. Symbols and Abbreviations used on Admiralty charts, chart 5011C. IALA Maritime Buoyage System(NP735) D. The mariners Handbook(NP100)【知识点chart 5011 英版海图符号与缩写C8. Areas enclosed by a long and short dashed magenta line indicate _.A. cable areas B. dumping grounds C. fish trap areas D. precautionary areas【知识点】海图图示【解析】magenta 洋红色，紫红色；cable 电缆；fish trap 鱼栅 实际上，这道题还是一道USCG的舶来题目，如图Fish traps(U.S. waters only) 相关题目A176. The short-long dashed, magenta lines parallel to York River Entrance Channel mark _A. fish trap areas B. naval exercise areas C. underwater cables D. recommended track linesA130. The broken magenta line which runs parallel to the shore between Roanoke Point and Mattituck Inlet marks a _. A. fish trap area B. pipeline C. demarcation line D. cable area D131. The charts show two dashed lines crossing the river just south of St. Catherine Bar Light. What does this indicate? OilA. overhead power lines B. Louisiana Mississippi ferry crossingsC. two railroad trestles D. two submerged oil pipelines注：两条平行虚线，一般表示运输管道。如图B60. The broken magenta lines starting at Montauk Point and running generally ENE to Block Island indicate _.A. recommended tracks to Block Island B. submerged cable areaC. a military exercise area D. demarcation lines for application of the COLREGS注：多数是波浪线，个别用洋红色虚线表示。B16. Depths of wk. are to be inserted in the chart.A. work B. wreck C. wake D. weak【知识点】海图图示【解析】缩略词的含义。Wreck 沉船D78. The buoy symbol printed on your chart is leaning to the northeast. This indicates _.A. you should stay to the north or east of the buoyB. you should stay to the west or south of the buoyC. the buoy is a major lighted buoy D. nothing special for navigational purposes【知识点】海图图示【解析】很好玩的一道题，容易让人想得太多了。如图C89. The symbol which appears beside a light on a chart reads “Gp F1 R(2) 10 sec 160 ft 19M”. Which characteristic does the light possess?A. It is visible two nautical miles B. Its distinguishing number is “19m”C. it has a red light D. if flashes once every ten seconds【知识点】海图图示【解析】准确来讲，考查的是灯标的灯质。“联闪，红色（2次），周期10秒，灯高160英尺，射程19海里”A95. Which aid is not marked on a chart with a magenta circle? A. aero light B. radar station C. radar transponder beacon D. radio beacon【知识点】海图图示【解析】aero light 航空灯标B191. On a chart, the characteristic of the light on a lighthouse is shown as flashing white with a red sector. The red sector_.A. indicates the limits of the navigable channel B. indicates a danger areaC. is used to identify the characteristics of the light D. serves no significant purpose【知识点】海图图示【解析】红色区域表示危险区。C79. The chart symbol indicating that the bottom is coral is _.A. C B. Cl C. Co D. c【知识点】海图图示【解析】考查海底底质的缩写。A. C B. Cl 一般不这样缩写，而是Cy，clay 粘土 C. Co，coral 珊 D. c，coarse，形容沙的形容词，粗。注：相关题目C298. Which chart abbreviation indicates the bottom is clay?A .Cly B .Cla C. CL(应为cy) D. CA299. Which chart abbreviation indicates the bottom is rock?A .R B. Ro C .Rc D. RocC300. Which chart abbreviation indicates the bottom is coral？A. Cl B. Cal C. Co D. CorA123. Chart legends printed in capital letters show that the associated landmark is _.A. conspicuous B. inconspicuous C. a government facility or station D. a radio transmitter【知识点】海图图示【解析】用大写字母标明的陆标表示显著物标。注：相关题目A124. Chart legends which indicate a conspicuous landmark are printed in _.A. capital letters B. italics C. boldface print D. underlined lettersA118. _objects are those which stand out clearly from the background or other objects and are easily identifiable from a few miles offshore in normal visibility.A. Conspicuous B. Permanent C. Preliminary D. TemporaryC151. Your chart indicates that there is an isolated rock and names the rock using vertical letters. This indicates the _.A. rock is visible at low water springs only B. rock is a hazard to deep draft vessels onlyC. rock is dry at high water D. exact position of the rock is doubtful【知识点】海图图示【解析】直体字标明的礁石表示明礁。D99. On a nautical chart, the inner ring of a compass rose indicates _.A. true directions B. compass error C. deviation D. magnetic directions【知识点】海图图示【解析】海图上，罗经花的内圈表示磁方位。如图相关题目B81. The compass rose on a nautical chart indicates both variation and _.A. deviation B. annual rate of variation change C. precession D. compass error8-4 chart legend and marginal notes 海图标题栏和图廓注记 (4)B86. The revision date of a chart is printed on which area of the chart?A. Top center B. Lower-left corner C. Part of the chart title D. Any clear area around the neat line【知识点】海图图廓注记【解析】小改正的时间在海图图廓外左下角。C91. What information is found in the chart title?A. Date of the first edition B. Date of the edition and, if applicable, the revisionC. Information on the sounding datum D. Information on which IALA buoyage system applies【知识点】海图标题栏【解析】A、B都在图廓外下方中间。D不在海图上。相关题目B88. The survey information upon which a chart is based is found _.A. At the top center of the next line B. Near the chart title C. At the lower left corner D. At any convenient locationC92. What information is NOT found in the chart title? A. survey information B. scale C. date of first edition D. projectionKey word 9: Notices to Mariners （21）A112. Navigational charts are subject to frequent changes, the important ones of which are promulgated by_AAdmiralty Notices to Mariners BMariners HandbookCCatalogue DSailing Directions【知识点】航海通告的作用【解析】subject to 易于相关题目：D75. Navigational charts are _ frequent changes, the important ones of which are promulgated by Admiralty Notices to Mariners. （作为姊妹题）A. published with B. combined with C. in connection with D. subject to真正的类似题目D120. _are published for the correction of Admiralty Charts. A. Admiralty Sailing Directions B. Admiralty List of LightsC. Mariners Handbook D. Admiralty Notices to MarinersB193. Coast Pilots and navigational charts are kept corrected and up-to-date by using the _.A. pilot charts B. Notices to Mariners C. Tide Tables D. Current TablesB42. Which is a weekly publication advising mariners of important matters affecting navigational Safety ? A. Light List B. Notice to Mariners C. Coast Pilot D. Sailing DirectionsD150. Periodic publications notifying changes in, or additions to, previously published navigational data are _. A. Supplements B. Annual Summary C. Navigational Warnings D. Notices to Mariners B119. Admiralty Notices to Mariners are published_A. every day Bevery week Cevery month Devery year【知识点】航海通告的出版（周刊）相关题目A121. Admiralty Notices to Mariners, containing important information for the mariners and enabling them to keep their charts and books corrected for the latest information, are issued daily and published in _.A. Weekly Editions B. Quarterly Editions C. Annual Editions D. Monthly Editions注意用语latestD310. Weekly Notices are dated for the _appropriate to the week they are issued on the UKHO website.A. Monday B. Tuesday C. Wednesday D. Thursday【知识点】航海通告的出版（周刊）【解析】每周四出版。date 从时起计算C122. The latest NM Weekly update is available from _ prior to the official publication date.A. 24.00 midnight ( UK time) on the Friday B. 00.00 midnight ( UK time) on the SundayC. 12.00 Noon ( UK time) on the Wednesday D. 08.00 Noon ( UK time) on the MondayA175. Weekly NMs are available without subscription from appointed _.A. Admiralty Distributors B. Admiralty Publication HouseC. United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) D.UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency (MCA)【知识点】航海通告的获取【解析】subscription （报刊）订阅费，会费 周版航海通告可以从英版海图经销商处免费获取。相关题目A139. The Admiralty Notices to Mariners can be obtained _ by Masters of vessels from any Admiralty Chart AgentAfree of charge Bwith no responsibilityCwithout limitations of distribution Dwith little chargesD116. _is not contained in the NM Weekly.A. Amendments to Admiralty Sailing Directions B. Amendments to Admiralty List of Lights and Fog SignalsC. Amendments to Admiralty List of Radio SignalsD. Supplement to Guide to Port Entry【知识点】航海通告的内容【解析】进港指南不是NP系列图书。相关题目D314. Section 4 of Admiralty Notice to Mariners weekly edition is _.A. Explanatory Notes. Publications ListB. Admiralty Notice to Mariners. Updates to Standard Nautical Charts C. Reprints of radio Navigational WarningsD. Am