美国存在的社会问题social-problems-in-the-U.S..ppt

SOCIALPROBLEMSINTHEUNITEDSTATES SocialProblemsintheUnitedStates RacialProblems Poverty Crime TheAbuseofPowerbyGovernmentandCorporations DrugAbuse I RacialProblems Americansareprimarilyanationofimmigrants 1 someasrefugeesfromreligiousandpoliticalpersecution 逃避宗教和政治迫害的难民 2 someasadventurersfromtheOldWorldseekingabetterlife 从旧大陆来寻求好生活的冒险家 3 someascaptivesbroughttoAmericanagainsttheirownwilltobesoldintoslavery 有一些则是被抓获后违背他们的意愿运到美国 被出卖为奴隶 4 somefleeingahopelesseconomicsituationornaturaldisaster 5 somewantinggreatereducationalopportunities ThoughpeopleallshareacommonAmericanculture thenationcontainsmanyracialandethnicsubcultureswiththeirowndistinctivecharacteristics 虽然人们有共同的美国文化 但美利坚民族包含了许多种族和少数民族的亚文化群 ThesedifferenceshavecontributedtoracialconflictsthathavebeenapersistentsocialproblemtoAmericansociety 这些差异造成了在美国社会长期存在的种族冲突 RacialProblems TheUnitedStateswasfoundedontheprincipleofhumanequality butinpracticethenationhasfallenfarshortofthatideal RacialtensionParticularlysincethecivilrightsdemonstrations ghettoriots andotherunrestinthe1960s raceandethnicrelationshavebeenamajorpreoccupationofsocialscientists politiciansandthegeneralpublic discriminationagainstblacks InAmericansociety anygroupotherthanthedominantwhiteAnglo SaxonProtestantmajorityisaminoritygroup ThesecondlargestoftheracialandethnicminoritiesintheU S istheblacks afterHispanics whomakeupabout11 7 ofthepopulation TheirhistoryintheU S hasbeenoneofsustainedoppression discrimination anddenialofbasiccivilrightsandliberties 他们在美国不断经受着压迫 歧视 被剥夺了最基本的民权和自由 美国黑人 Afro AmericanAfricanAmericanNegroBlack before1960s theblack underclass 最低层 黑人 TheNorthernstateshadalloutlawed 废除 slaveryby1830 butintheSouthernstates itwasendedbytheCivilWarLincoln semancipationofslavesin1863 1863年林肯颁布的 解放黑奴宣言 andthe13thAmendmenttotheConstitutionin1865 1865年美国通过的第13条宪法修正案 Butaftertheabolitionofslavery manystatespassedsegregation 隔离 lawstokeeptheracesapartinschools housing restaurantsandpublicfacilities andinstitutionalizeddiscriminationkeptblacksinthelowest paidjobs 制度化的种族歧视使黑人只能干一些收入最低的工作 Dr MartinLutherKing IHaveaDream in1963 Progress TheCivilRightsMovementinthe1950sand1960shelpedblackpeoplesecuremanyoftherightspromisedintheConstitution A1954SupremeCourtdecisionruledthatsegregationhadnoplaceinpublicschool In1955 RosaParksrefusedtogiveupherseatonabusforawhiteman Finally CongresspassedtheCivilRightsActof1964tostopdiscriminationinallpublicplaces Poverty BymanystandardstheUnitedStatesisthemostfavorablywealthysocietyinhistory Yet 35 9millionpeople about12 5 ofAmericansarelivingatorbelowtheofficialpovertyline onincomesthatthefederalgovernmentconsidersinsufficienttomeetbasicrequirementoffood clothing andshelter Theaffluentmajoritysometimesseemsindifferenttotheproblemsofthepoorestsectionofthepopulation PovertyintheUnitedStatesdoesnotsimplymeanthatthepoordonotlivequiteaswellasothercitizens Povertycanalsomeanlowself esteem despair andstuntingofhumanpotential Poverty TheproblemofpovertyintheUnitedStatesisaggravatedbecauseitoccursinasocietyinwhichtheoveralldistributionofwealthandincomeisveryunequal ThecontinuedexistenceofpovertyinagenerallyaffluentAmericansocietyraisesseriousmoralquestions andinevitablycreatesfierceconflictionofinterestandmanypoliticalcontroversies DrugAbuse DrugabuseintheUnitedStateshascometoberegardedasoneofthemostchallengingsocialproblemsfacingthenation DrugabuseintheUnitedStatesisasocialproblembecauseithasawiderangeofsocialcosts ordysfunctions Drug sDysfunctions 1 Crime2 AutomobileAccidents3 EffectsonIndividuals4 EconomicLosses Threattotheyoung Crime Crimeisoneofthemostseriousproblemsfacingthenation Itisgenerallyagreedthatserious violentcrimehasreachedalarmingproportionsintheUnitedStates ViolentCrime IthasreachedalarmingproportioninU S 61 ofallwomenfeelunsafeintheirownneighborhoodsinnight 45 ofthepopulationisafraidtowalkaloneatnightneartheirownhomes 47 owngun largelyforself protection Crime Theprofileofatypicalcriminal 典型的罪犯形象 Thosearrestedforcrimesaredisproportionatelylikelytobemale young amemberofaracialminority andacityresident Membersofracialgroupshaveadisproportionatelyhigherrateofarrests Reasons 1 poororunemployed2 racialprejudice thediscriminationbetweenblankandwhite 3 undereducated4 selectivelawenforcement 执法偏见 Crime white collarcrimes 白领阶层的犯罪 White collarcrimesarethosecommittedbyhigherincomegroupssuchasthecrimesoffraud 欺诈 falseadvertising 做假广告 corporatepricefixing 共同限定 控制市场价格 bribery 行贿 embezzlement 挪用公款 industrialpollution taxevasion 偷税漏税 TheAbuseofPowerbyGovernmentandCorporation Acrucialproblemofgovernmentandcorporationsconcernspower andtheabuseofit GovernmentandcorporationsarewidelydistrustedintheUnitedStates ThescandalprovokedcongressionalinvestigationsoftheFBIandtheCIAthatturnedupliterallythousandsofillegalactsintheexecutivebranchofgovernment TheAbuseofPowerbyCorporation Asforcorpo