U5听力教程第三版施心远学生用书答案解析

WORD格式 可编辑Unit 5Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScript Listen to Peter talking to Maggie. Is he asking a question or does he just want her to agree? Tick the right box.1. Youve been to Canada, havent you? 2. Oh yes, I remember. You went a couple of years ago, didnt you? 3. Now, lets see . Its er, its a mainly agricultural country, isnt it? 4. Well yes, I know, but theres not much industry once youve left the coast, is there? 5. I see . Mm, so the North would be the best place to go to, wouldnt it? 6. Yeah. Mind you, I should think the South is very beautiful, isnt it? 7. (laughs) Yeah. Thats right. Oh and what about transport? Itd be better to hire a car, wouldnt it? 8. Really? Thats cheap. It costs that much a day here, doesnt it? Key12345678Am I right?Agree with me. Part 2 Listening and Note-TakingReadingScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of nonreaders at infant school is the teachers affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. Listen to a talk about reading. Take notes and complete the following summary.When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the ins and outs of reading letters to form words.If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child deserves to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers at infant school is the teachers affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic*. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life), there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labelling various items in their room. For instance, by a nice piece of cardboard tied to their bed with BED written in neat-big letters.Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an appeal should not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour. Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, should his interest start to flag*.KeyA. 1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers at infant school is the teachers affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. ReadingIt would be wrong to set a time when a child should start learning to read and write. Parents should encourage youngsters aged two to five to read if they show interests in it, but never force them to learn to read. He or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers at infant school. Then it is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, if a child cannot read at the age of seven, teachers and parents should make certain that he is not dyslexic. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Parents should not ignore the young childs appeal to be taught to read. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour. Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, if his interests start to flag.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided. 1. The line down the middle of the road wavered, zigzagged, and then plunged right off the pavement.2. My sister likes classical music, but I prefer the kind she dismisses as “junk.”3. Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.4. Babara and Andrew are sitting under the tree by the river.5. She only hoped that the entire incident would be forgotten as soon as possible.Key 1. S 2. C-C 3. CP 4. S 5. CPLPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Digital SoundScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and compare digital sound and analogical sound. musicMike: Wow! Nice. CDs have such good sound. Do you ever wonder how they make CDs?Kathy: Well, they get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Come on. You know what I mean. Why is the sound quality so good? Imean, why do CDs sound so much clearer than cassette tapes?Kathy: Actually, I do know that.Mike: Really?Kathy: Its all based on digital sound. CDs are digital. Digital sound is like several photos, all taken one after another. Its kind of like pictures of sound. The intensity of the sound how strong it is is measured very quickly. Then its measured again and again. When we hear the sound, it all sounds like one long piece of sound, but its really lots of pieces close together. And each piece is really clear.Mike:So digital is like lots of short “pieces” of sound.Kathy:Exactly. This is different from analog* thats how they used to record. Analog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up and down with volume and pitch. Anyway, analog is like a single wave. Digital is like a series of pieces.Mike: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDs?Kathy: I told you, Mike. They get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Kathy!Kathy: No. What really happens is first they do a digital recording on videotape.Mike: On videotape?Kathy: Yeah, they use videotape. So then the videotape is played through a computer.Mike: OK. What does the computer do?Kathy: Well, the computer is used to figure out the “pieces” of sound we were talking about; how long everything is, how far apart spaces are.Mike: OK. So the computer is figuring out those separate “pieces” of sound.Kathy: Yeah. They need to do that to make the master.Mike: The master?Kathy: The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from. Its made of glass. Its a glass disk that spins around just like a regular CD. And the glass disk is covered with a chemical. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate. The laser burns through the chemical, but not through the glass.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What its doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.Mike: So CDs really have little holes on the back? I didnt know that.Kathy: Yeah. Tiny pits. Theyre too small to see. Anyway, then theyve got the master, and they make copies from it. Then you buy your copy and put it in the CD player.Mike: Put it in the CD player . That part I understand.Kathy: Theres another laser in your CD player. The light of the laser reflects off the CD. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered. Anyway, the computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits. And you get the music.Mike: Reflected light, huh? . Uh . you knew what I like? Just relaxing, listening to music, and not really worrying about how it gets on the disk.Kathy: You want me to explain it again?musicB. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following outline.C. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the following sentences with the missing words.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What its doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.Key A. QualityRecording techniqueDigital soundMuch clearerDigital sound is like several photos, all taken one after another. Its kind of like pictures of sound. Digital is like a series of pieces.Analogical soundAnalog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up and down with volume and pitch. Analog is like a single wave.B. I. The making of CDsA. Recordinga. First they do a digital recording on videotape.b. Then the videotape is played through a computer.c. The computer figures out those separate “pieces” of sound to make the master.B. The making of the mastera. The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.b. Its made of glass, covered with a chemical.c. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate. The laser burns through the chemical, but not through the glass.d. It cuts little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”e. They make copies from it.II. Playing backA. You buy the copy and put it in the CD player.B. The light of the laser reflects off the CD.a. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror.b. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.c. The computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits.d. You get the music.C. Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What its doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.Dialogue 2 Lost in TranslationScriptA. Listen to the dialogue. What mistake have some companies made when they used the same ad in a different country or area? Complete the following chart.Man: Heres one I wouldnt have thought of. You know those “before and after” commercials for laundry soap?Woman: The ones with a pile of dirty clothes on one side and then the same clothes after theyve been washed? Sure.Man: There was an American company that had one of those ads. It was really successful in North America. In the ad there was a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the laundry soap in the middle, and a pile of clean clothes on the right. So, the message was that a box of this detergent*would make really dirty clothes clean.Woman: Yeah?Man: So what do you think happened when they used the ad in the Middle East?Woman: I dont know.Man: Think about it. In the Middle East, languages are written from right to left. People look at things from right to left.Woman: So it looked like the soap made the clothes dirty?Man: “Our soap will make your clothes dirty!” Not a very smart ad campaign.Woman: They should have changed the order of the pictures. They should have put the picture of the clean clothes on the left side and the dirty clothes on the right.Man: Really. Oh, heres another one. Some shirt maker put an ad in a Mexican magazine.Woman: And?Man: Well, the ad was supposed to say, “When I wore this shirt, I felt good.” But they made a translation mistake.Woman: What did they say?Man: Instead of “When I wore this shirt,” the ad said, “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good.”Woman: “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good”? Gee, changing one little word gave it the opposite meaning.Man: The article says sometimes its not just the advertising slogan that gets companies into trouble. Sometimes the company name can scare off business.Woman: What do you mean?Man: Well, there was a large oil company in the United States called Enco: E-N-C-O.Woman: Yeah, I remember them.Man: They opened some gas stations in Japan, and they advertised using their American name. Unfortunately, they didnt know what the word means in Japanese.Woman: What does it mean?Man: “Enco” is a short way of saying “Engine stop” in Japanese.Woman: Great. Would you buy gasoline from a company that said your car engine would stop?Man: No, and neither did the Japanese.KeyProductadvertisedDescription of the adMessageMistake madedetergentIn the ad there was a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the laundry soap in the middle, and a pile of clean clothes on the right.This detergent would make really dirty clothes clean.In the Middle East, they should have changed the order of the pictures.shirtWhen I wore this shirt, I felt good.They made a translation mistake, which changed the meaning into “until I wore this shirt, I felt good.”gasThey advertised using their American name. Unfortunately, it is a short way of saying “Engine stop” in Japanese.Part 3 PassageToothbrush ScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you will hear.Brushing our teeth such a commonplace activity today, has been around for a long time. Imagine: the ancient Egyptians were already concerned about their dental hygiene! We know this today because they also had the good habit of being entombed* with all their treasures . So we were able to discover that tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed* into soft fibers. Its comical to imagine an Egyptian stopping to brush his teeth after a meal, on his break from building a pyramid!The true ancestor of our toothbrush, however, was invented by the Chinese in the 15th century and brought back to Europe by travellers. This toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wild boar which were fixed to a bamboo or bone handle. The people of the Occident*, however, found the wild boar hairs too stiff. At the time, very few people in the Western world brushed their teeth, and those who did preferred horse hairs, which were softer than those of the wild boar! In Europe, it was more customary after meals to use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper.Other animals hair was also used for dental care, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it. The animal was imported for its neck hairs for a long, long time . in fact, until nylon was invented, in the 20th century!In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity through the commercialization of nylon stockings and of Dr. Wests miracle toothbrush with nylon bristles. The wild boars were finally off the hook!At first, even if there were many advantages to using this new brush instead of the one made with wild boar hairs (which fell out, wouldnt dry very well or became full of bacteria), the consumers were not entirely satisfied. This is because the nylon bristles were very stiff and hurt the gums. In 1950, Du Pont improved their toothbrush by giving it softer bristles.Today the brands, types, and colours of toothbrushes on the market are almost endless. In spite of this, certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth!Questions:1. How do we know ancient Egyptians were concerned about their dental hygiene?2. What is amusing about the Egyptians?3. Who invented the true ancestor of our toothbrush in the 15th century?4. Which of the following is not true about the people in the Occident in the 15th century?5. What did people begin to use for dental care in the 20th century?6. When were toothbrushes with nylon bristles first made?7. What was the fate of the wild boars when Dr. Wests toothbrush with nylon bristles became popular?8. Why were the consumers not entirely satisfied with nylon bristles at first?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Most are made of soft nylon bristles.B. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. D C. 1. In Egypt, tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed into soft fibers.2. In the 15th century, Europeans usually use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper to care for their teeth.3. People used animals hair for dental care right up until the 20th century when nylon was invented.4. In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers.5. Certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth. D. 1. Other animals hair was also used for dental care, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it.2. In 1937, nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity. The wild boars were finally off the hook!Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Europes Migrant CrisisScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then give a brief summary about the news item. As migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe, European Union (EU) members held an emergency summit in Brussels.They hope to agree on how to deal with this large movement of refugees and migrants into Europe. The refugees are coming from countries hurt by war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.News repo