Lesson 4 Love is a Fallacy PPT

Unit5LoveisFallacy ByMaxShulman Aims Tohaveabasicknowledgeofthetermsinlogic Toappreciatethehumorinthestory ToanalyzethestructureofthestoryToappreciatethelanguage TeachingContents SpecialtermsinlogicDetailedstudyofthetextOrganizationalpatternThechiefattractionofthestoryLanguagefeaturesExercises Timeallocation Termsinlogic 15min Detailedstudyofthetext 210min Structureanalysis 15min Languageappreciation 15min Exercise 25min IIBackgroundKnowledge 1 MaxShulman March14 1919 August28 1988 awriterintheearly 40sasoneofAmerica sbest knownhumorists Lotsofhisnovelswereadaptedtothescreen 1 MaxShulman BestrememberedforcreatingthepopularcharacterDobieGillis atypicalAmericanteenwhofrequentlysufferedfromromanticangst 担忧 Thecharacterappearedonapopulartelevisionsitcom situationcomedy duringthe 50sandwasinafeaturefilmin1953 ThetextisfromTheManyLovesofDobieGillieswhichwasapopularTVplay TheManyLovesofDobieGillies TheManyLovesofDobieGillies CharlesLamb 1775 1834 Englishessayistandcriticwhoisnowbestknownforhis EssaysofElia 1823 1833 HecollaboratedwithhissisterMaryinadaptingShakespeare splaysintostoriesforchildren TalesfromShakespeare SpecimensofEnglishDramaticPoets ThomasCarlyle 1795 1881 Englishauthor ScottishwriterHeinfluencedsocialthinkingaboutthenewindustrialworkingclassthroughhisessay Chartism andhisbook ThePresentandthePast Heisbestknownforhisepichistoryof TheFrenchRevolution 1837 andhislectures OnHeroesandHero Workshop 1841 ThomasCarlyle 1795 1881 HeproducedSartorResartus 裁缝 1833 34 thebookinwhichhefirstdevelopedhischaracteristicstyleandthought ThisbookisaveiledSardonic scornful挖苦的 attackupontheshams 欺骗 andpretencesofsociety uponhollowrank hollowofficialism hollowcustom outofwhichlifeandusefulnesshavedeparted ThomasCarlyle 1795 1881 Carlyledevelopedapeculiarstyleofhisownwhichwascalled Carlyese Carlylism 卡莱尔风格Style acompoundofbiblicalphrasescolloquialismsTeutonic 条顿的 日尔曼的 twistshisowncoiningarrangedinunexpectedsequences JohnRuskin 1819 1900 EnglishcriticandsocialtheoristawriteronartandarchitectureInhislaterwritingsheattackedsocialandeconomicproblemsModernPaintersTheStonesofVeniceTheSevenLampsofArchitectureTimeandTide JohnRuskin 1819 1900 Positiveprogramforsocialreforms SesameandLilies 芝麻和百合 TheCrownofWildOliveTheKingoftheGoldenRiver BackgroundKnowledge 2 LogicalFallacyAnargumentinlogicpresentsevidenceinsupportofsomethesisorconclusion Anargumenthastwocomponents aconclusion thethesisarguedfor andcertainpremises 前提 theconsiderationsadduced 引用 onbehalfoftheconclusion 2 LogicalFallacy Theconclusionissaidtobedrawn orinferred fromthepremises Anargumentisdeductivelyvalid 演绎的有效性 whenitspremisesprovideconclusiveevidencefortheconclusion Anargumentthatfailstobeconclusivelydeducedisinvalid itissaidtobefallacious 2 LogicalFallacy Fallaciesaredividedintoeightgroups 1 DictoSimpliciter 绝对判断 Para 66 2 HastyGeneralization 草率结论 Para 72 3 PostHoc 牵强附会 Para 77 4 ContradictoryPremises 矛盾前提 Para 83 5 AdMisericordiam 文不对题 Para 96 6 FalseAnalogy 错误类比 7 HypothesisContrarytoFacts 与事实相反的假设 Para 103 8 PoisoningtheWell 井下放毒 Para 112 DictaSimpliciter 绝对判断 Everyonewantstogetmarriedsomeday Theexamplestartsalogicaltrainofthoughtwithanassumptionthatisfalse Not everyone wantstogetmarried HastyGeneralization 草率结论 MrWang shandwritingisterrible Mr Hu shandwritingisalsoterribleandyouknowhowterriblemen shandwritingis Itappliesaspecialcasetogeneralrule Thatfactthatcertainperson shandwritingisbaddoesn timplythatallmen shandwritingisbad Posthoc ergopropterhoc 牵强附会 Afterthis thereforebecauseofthis ThelastfivetimesthatI vewornmywhitepants somethingdepressinghashappened I mnotgoingtowearthosepantsagain ThisfallacyassumesthatifeventYhappenedaftereventX thenXmustbethecauseofY FalseAnalogy 错误类比 Highschoolshouldnotrequireafreshmanwritingcourse Harvarddoesn trequireafreshmanwritingcourse andthestudentsgetalongfinewithoutit Theanalogyisfalsebecausethetwoitemsdon thavestrongenoughsimilaritiestopredictthatwhathappensinonewillhappenintheother Admisericordian anappealtopity 文不对题 Lookatthisfourteen year oldchildwho srunawayfromhometohidehershame pregnant unwashed friendless penniless atthemercyofoursocialserviceagencies Canyoutillclaimthatsexshouldbetaughtintheclassroom Admisericordian anappealtopity 文不对题 Inthisshiftyapproachtoargumentation thewritergivestearjerkingdescriptionsofthecruelopponents victimsinordertoarousesympathyfromthereader Pre readingQuestions 1 Howdoyouunderstandthetitleofthetext 2 Whatishispurposeofwritingthisessay 3 What sthethemeofthisstory Pre readingquestions 2 Howdoyouunderstandthetitleofthetext Thetitleofthestory Loveisafallacy hastwomeanings When fallacy istakeninitsordinarysense thetitlemeans thereisadeceptiveordelusivequalityaboutlove Whentakenasaspecificterminlogic thetitlemeans lovecannotbededucedfromasetofgivenpremises Title Fallacy afalseormistakenideaItisafallacytosupposethatrichesalwaysbringhappiness Loveisafallacy 1 Thereisadeceptiveordelusivequalityaboutlove 2 Loveisanerror adeceptionthatdoesnotfellowtheprincipleoflove Thetitleishumorousandwell chosen 2 Whatishispurposeofwritingthisessay Hecomparedlogictoalivingthing ahumanbeing Logicisnotatalladrylearnedbranchoflearning Itislikealivinghumanbeing fullofbeauty passionandpainfulemotionalshocks 3 What sthethemeofthisstory RacoonandRacoonCoat III OrganizationalPattern 4sectionsSect I firstthreesentences Itistheauthor snote 1 Theauthor sideaaboutthisstory 2 Theauthor sideaaboutthepurposeofthisstory Author snote 1 Hisownideaabouthisownessay Fromhispointofview hisessayissthlimp spongy Itisveryinformal 2 Hisownideaaboutthepurposeofthatessay Itisnotadrybranchoflearning butlikeahumanbeing IV OrganizationalPattern SectII para 1 56 Act1 thebargainbetweenthelawstudentandhisroommateovertheexchangeofthegirl IV OrganizationalPattern sub divisions 1 p1introductionofthenarrator protagonist2 p4 18introductionofthefirstantagonist PeteyBurchHedowngradeshisroommate whohasnothingupstairs 3 p19 24introductionofhesecondantagonist PollyEspy CharactersinthePlay Actors 1 Dobie alawschoolstudentveryyoungcleverover conceited cool logical keen calculating perspicacious acute astute powerful precise penetrating2 PeteyBurch pitiful dumb roommate faddist CharacterinthePlay Actress PollyEspy beautiful gracious stupid IV OrganizationalPattern 4 p25 37soundingout findingouttherelationshipbetweenPeteyandPolly 5 p 38 56unethicaltransactionoverPollyThestudentgivestheraccooncoattheroommatewants andhisroommategiveshisgirlfriendinreturn Theyhaveakindofdeal IV OrganizationalPattern SectIII para57 121 Act2 3 theteachingof8logicalfallaciesAct2 Para 57 93Act3 Para 94 12110sub divisions 1 p57 58asurvey firstdatewiththegirl firstimpressionofthegirl Hetriestofindouthowstupidsheis IV OrganizationalPattern 2 p59 71theteachingofDictoSimpliciter3 P72 76theteachingofHastyGeneralization4 p77 82PostHoc5 p83 93ContradictoryPremises6 p94 95interposition Hewantstogivethegirlback IV OrganizationalPattern 7 p96 101AdMisericordiam8 p102 105FalseAnalogy9 p106 111HypothesisContrarytoFact10 p112 121PoisoningtheWell IV OrganizationalPattern Sect IV Act4 para 122 151theendingofthestorybackfiringofalltheargumentsThegirllearnsherlessonstoowell Sheusesallthelogicalfallaciestofightbackherteacher II Detailedstudyofthetext title humorous wellchosen1 When fallacy istakeninitsordinarysense thetitlemeans Thereisadeceptiveordelusivequalityaboutlove Lovehasdelusivequalities Detailedstudyofthetext 2 When fallacy ishavinglogicalsense itmeans Lovecannotbededucedfromasetofgivenpremises Lovecannotfollowthegivenrules Loveisanerror adeceptionandanemotionthatdoesnotfollowtheprinciplesoflogic Implication Mywritingisevenmoreinformal Icandobetterthanthem Hesaysthisonlywithhistongueincheek Protagonist DobieGilliesalawschoolstudentveryyoungcleverover conceited cool logical keen calculating perspicacious acute powerful precise penetrating Antagonists 1 PeteyBurch pitiful dump roommate faddist2 PollyEspy beautiful gracious stupid IVLanguagePoints 1 outofthepicture notconsideredasinvolvedinasituation不相干的 不合适的 Para 34 e g IsPamstillwithEric No he soutofthepicture 2 getat seemtobesayingsth thatotherpeopledonotcompletelyunderstand暗示 Para 35 e g Whatexactlyareyougettingat IVlanguagePoints 3 have atone sfingertips tobecompletelyfamiliarwith 精通 Para 62 e g Wehaveallthefactsandfiguresatourfingers 4 gofar toaccomplishmuch achievemuchsuccess成功 大有前途 Para 63 e g Ginny sasmartgirl andI msureshe dgofar IVlanguagePoints 5 knockout toelicitenthusiasmoranemotionalresponse esp deepsympathyorlaughter使高兴 使情绪激动 Para 112 e gThemusicwasjustbrilliantitreallyknockedmeout 6 fireaway begin start esp totalkoraskquestions开始谈话或提问 Para 122 e g Ihavesomequestion Fireaway IVlanguagePoints 7 hammeraway at tokeepemphasizingortalkingabout一再强调e g Hekepthammeringawayathisdemandforapublicinquiry 8 monthofSundays colloq longtime很久 很长的时间 VIIRole play FourActsFourgroupsperformthestory Actors 1 alawschoolstudentveryyoungcleverover conceited cool logical keen calculating perspicacious acute astute powerful precise penetrating2 PeteyBurch pitiful dump roommate faddistActress PollyEspy beautiful gracious stupid 3 What sthethemeofthisstory 3 Thethemeofthestoryisstatedbythewriterinthetitleofthestory PerhapsMaxShulmanwantsthereader afterreadingthestory toconcludethat love isanerror adeceptionandanemotionthatdoesnotfollowtheprinciplesoflogic Butthewriter throughthisstoryhassucceededperhapsunwittingly 不经意的 inrevealingwhatlovemaysometimesmeanintheaffluentsociety Girlsdonotwantbrilliant giftedoreducatedhusbands butwanthusbandswhoarerichandwealthyenoughtoprovideallthewealthythingsnecessaryforkeepingupwiththejoneses 炫富 home clothes cars bigmansions famousbrandcars etc Themainideaofthislesson Itisaboutalawstudentwhotriestomarrythegirlaftersuitablere education buthe sbeentoocleverforhisowngood Thenarrator DobieGillis afreshmaninalawschool istheprotagonist VIIRole play FiveScenesFivegroupsperformthestory Actors 1 alawschoolstudentveryyoungcleverover conceited cool logical keen calculating perspicacious acute astute powerful precise penetrating2 PeteyBurch pitiful dump roommate faddistActress PollyEspy beautiful gracious stupid Payattentiontothechangeofhisemotions 1 favoringherwithasmile2 chuckledwithamusement3 chuckledwithsomewhatlessamusement4 forcingasmile groundmyteeth5 croaked dashedperspirationfrommybrow6 bellowinglikeabull V Thechiefattractionofthislesson It shumorThewholestoryisapieceoflight humoroussatire satirizingasmug self conceitedfreshmaninalawschool V thechiefattractionofthislesson Why 1 thetitleThetitleishumorous Thewriterwantsthereaderstoconcludethat love isanerror adeceptionandanemotionthatdoesnotfollowtheprinciplesoflogic V thechiefattractionofthislesson 2 theauthor snote spongy limp flaccid arespecificcharacteristicsofhisessay Heisjoking whichindicatesthatthewholestoryishumorous 3 thecontrast thelawstudent thegirl Peteyboastinghimself downgradingtheothersthestudent thegirl V thechiefattractionofthislesson 4 theendingofthestorytheraccooncoatwhichthelawstudentdespisesandgiveittohisroommatefortheexchangeofhisgirlfriendhasfinallybecometherootcauseofhislosinghisgirlfriend 5 thecleverchoiceofthenamesPettey pityEspy Ispy VI Languagefeatures 1 Americancolloquialism2 Informalstyleshortsentencesellipticalsentences toincreasethetempoofthestorydashes3 rhetoricaldevices VI Languagefeatures 4 sharpcontrastinthelanguage1 thelawstudentusesultralearnedtermsstandardEnglish100 correct2 clippedvulgarforms slangwordsgee magnif terrif pshaw 5 invertedsentences VI Languagefeatures Whateffectdoesthelanguagehaveonthereaders 1 vivid2 colorful3 informal Typeofwriting Thistextisapieceofnarrativewriting Thenarratorofthestory DobieGillis afreshmaninalawschool istheheroorprotagonist Hestrugglesagainsttwoantagonists PeteyBurch hisroowmmatewhosegirlfriendheplanstosteal andPollyEspy thegirlheintendstomarryaftersuitablere education Theclimaxofthestoryisreachedinparas147 150whenPollyrefusestogosteadywiththenarratorbecauseshehadalreadypromisedtogosteadywithPeteyBurch Thedenouementfollowsrapidlyandendsonaveryironicnote Thesummaryofthestory Thistextisapieceofnarrativewriting astory Thenarratorofthestory DobieGillisafreshmaninalawschool istheheroorprotagonist Hestrugglesagainsttwoantagonist PeteyBurch hisroommatewhosegirlfriendheplanstosteal andPollyEspy thegirlheintendstomarryaftersuitablere education DobietriedveryhardtopersusdePeteytoexchangearaccooncoatwithhisgirl ThenDobiehadseveraldateswithPolly withtheviewtoeducatehertomeettherequirementsforanidealwife Thesummaryofthestory ThestoryreacheditsclimaxwhenPollyrefusestogosteadywiththenarratorbecauseshehadalreadypromisedtogosteadywithPeteyBurch simplybecausePeteyownedaraccooncoat acoatthatallfashionablepeopleoncampuswerewearing TheraccooncoatwhichhegavetoPeteyBurchfortheprivilegeofdatinghisgirl Thestoryendswithaveryironictone ExerciseVII 1 Fashionistheprevailingcustomindressmanners speech etc ofaparticularplaceortime especiallyasestablishedbythedominantsectionofsocietyortheleadersinthefieldsofart literature etc Fadstressestheimpulsiveenthusiasmwithwhichafashionistakenupforashorttime ExerciseVII 2 Incredulousshowsaperson sunwillingnessorinabilitytobelieve Incrediblegenerallydescribessomethingthatistoounusualorimpossibletobepossiblesomethingunbelievable Exerci