高级英语 修辞.doc

1、metaphor(暗喻、隐喻) 2、euphemism（委婉语）3、antithesis(对比、对照)4、metonymy(转喻) 由特点代5、parallism(平行结构)6、oxymoron(矛盾)7、anticlimax(渐降)8、irony(反语)9、hyperbole(夸张)10、synecdoche(提喻) ：以局部代整体 11、pun(双关)12、transferred epithet(移就)13、periodic(圆周句)14、understatement(轻描淡写)15、inversion(倒装)16、repetition(重复)17、alliteration(头韵)18、sarcasm（讽刺）19、simile(明喻)20、personification(拟人)Lesson 91. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure. (hyperbole)2. I found another Twain as well-one who grew cynical ,bitter.who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. (metaphor)3. main artery of transportation in the young nations heart (metaphor)4. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied -a cosmos (metonymy)5. the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are (antithesis)6. succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever (metaphor)7. he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent , and was rebuffed. (metaphor)8. for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax (metonymy)9. Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles: (metaphor)10. America laughed with him (personificati、hyperbole)11. Toms mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence.(inversion)12. a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever (antithesis)13. they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence; where they achieved nothing; where they were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness; where they have left no sign that they had existed (parallelism)Lesson101. So has every other teacher (inversion)2. Butler was a 49-year-old farmer who before his election had never been out of his native country (metaphor) 3. My friend the attorney general says that John knows what he is here for. (sarcasm)4. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century. (irony)5. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below. (sarcasm)6. Gone was the fierece fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire. (inversion)7. Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given most of his life to politics. (sarcasm)8. When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan. (antithesis)9. One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT-INSIDE.(This was J.R. Darwins Everything to Wear Store) (pun)10. Then came the climax of the trial: (inversion)11. His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognised throughout the world. (hyperbole)12. Dudley called my conviction a “victorious defeat” (oxymoron)13. The oratorial storm that Clarence and Dudley blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years. (metaphor)Lesson 111. Just whats a dictionary for? What does it prpose todo? What does the common reader go to a dictionary to find? What has the purchaser of a dictionary a right to expect for his money? (repetition)2. Some dictionaries give various kinds of other useful information. Some have tables of weights and measures on the flyleaves. Some list historical events and some, home remedies. (repetition)3.between the much-touted Second International and the much-clouted Third International (antithesis)4. If the editorials were serious, the publicand the stockholdershave reason to be grateful that the wri