Ubuntu挂载存储.docx

Ubuntu修改root密码在当前用户下执行sudo passwd,要求先输入当前用户的密码，再输入新密码，最后是确认密码，完成后就是root密码，可以与当前用户密码一致，完成后执行su root切换到root用户下，或者exit退出，以root身份登录最近刚开始接触Linux，在虚拟机中装了个Ubuntu，当前的版本是Ubuntu 11.10，装好后自然少不了安装一些软件，在设置了软件的源后，就开始了 sudo apt-get install，结果出现了下面的Unable to locate package错误：1. letuknowitubuntu:$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client2. sudo password for letuknowit:3. Reading package lists Done4. Building dependency tree5. Reading state information Done6. E: Unable to locate package mysql-server7. E: Unable to locate package mysql-client8. letuknowitubuntu:$这叫一个郁闷啊，出师不利，不带这么吓唬刚玩Ubuntu的小朋友吧于是赶紧找资料，又回顾下前面的操作，最后发现问题出在执行sudo apt-get install之前更换了软件源，但是却忘了update下了，于是执行下面的命令：1. sudo apt-get update等上面命令执行完后，再执行sudo apt-get install就可以了！其实错误信息已经很明确了，Unable to locate packet就是无法找到包嘛，那还不赶紧sudo apt-get update下！安装iscsi当前Linux主流iSCSI项目为open-iscsi，Linux-iSCSI项目已于2005年和open-iscsi合并。一、安装iSCSI initiator$ sudo apt-get install open-iscsi二、修改iscsid.conf配置文件(重要！)$ sudo vim/etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf设置node.starup为automatic：node.startup = automatic三、查找iSCSI targets主机的target name$ sudo iscsiadm -mode discovery -type sendtargets -portal 注：假设target主机ip为四、login target$ sudo iscsiadm -mode node -targetname iqn.renyuannetdisk -portal :3260 -login注：假设target name为iqn.renyuannetdisk，3260为iSCSI服务默认端口五、iSCSI target端设置initiator客户端执行login命令后，在target服务器端可以发现新通道。把要分配给initiator客户端的卷通过该通道映射给initiator。六、重启客户端iscsi initiator 服务$sudo /etc/init.d/open-iscsi restart七、查看iscsi targets映射过来的卷$ sudo fdisk -l或 用dmesg 或tail -f /var/log/messages 命令查看八、创建分区$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb在提示行后输入m查看fdisk命令，输入n新建分区。注：假设映射过来的卷设备名为sdb九、格式化分区$ sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1十、挂载文件系统$ sudo mkdir /mnt/iscsi$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/iscsi十一、注销iSCSI initiator登录不需要时可以注销iSCSI initiator登录，先umount文件系统，再把第四步命令的login参数改成logout执行即可：$ sudo umount /mnt/iscsi$ sudo iscsiadm -mode node -targetname iqn.renyuannetdisk -portal :3260 -logout十二、删除指定Target用logout只是暂时登出，发现的target信息会保存在数据库中，下次重启iscsi服务时(service iscsi restart)，仍会找回该Target卷。如果想从数据库中删除该Target，需用以下命令：查询数据库中Target内容：$ sudo iscsiadm -m node删除指定的Target：$ sudo iscsiadm -mode node -o delete -targetnameiqn.renyuannetdisk -portal :32601.实验环境：主机Win7 32位系统，Virtual Box 虚拟机Ubuntu 14.04 32位，SSH登录操作。环境问题Target和Initiator都是在同一台机器上，实际环境是可以完全分开独立分布于多个服务器。2.安装Target软件：plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#apt-cachesearchtgt2. .3. .4. nagios-plugins-basic-Pluginsfornagioscompatiblemonitoringsystems5. tgt-LinuxSCSItargetuser-spacetools6. epiphany-browser-IntuitiveGNOMEwebbrowser7. .8. python-webkit-dev-WebKit/GtkPythonbindings:developmentfiles当系统update后可通过search查看tgt软件plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#apt-getinstalltgt2. Readingpackagelists.Done3. Buildingdependencytree4. Readingstateinformation.Done5. Thefollowingextrapackageswillbeinstalled:6. libboost-system1.54.0libboost-thread1.54.0libconfig-general-perl7. libibverbs1libnspr4libnss3libnss3-nssdblibrados2librbd1librdmacm18. libsgutils2-2sg3-utils9. ThefollowingNEWpackageswillbeinstalled:10. libboost-system1.54.0libboost-thread1.54.0libconfig-general-perl11. libibverbs1libnspr4libnss3libnss3-nssdblibrados2librbd1librdmacm112. libsgutils2-2sg3-utilstgt13. 0upgraded,13newlyinstalled,0toremoveand0notupgraded.14. Needtoget3,858kBofarchives.15. Afterthisoperation,13.9MBofadditionaldiskspacewillbeused.16. Doyouwanttocontinue?Y/ny安装完毕后检查tgt运行状态plain view plaincopy1. Processingtriggersforlibc-bin(2.19-0ubuntu6).2. Processingtriggersforureadahead(0.100.0-16).3. rootking:#servicetgtstatus4. tgtstart/running,process1690tgt服务正在运行进程号1690plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#psaux|grep16902. root16900.00.3167643140?Ss21:470:00tgtd3. root17160.00.04676824pts/0S+21:540:00grep-color=auto1690 tgtadmin help查看tgtadmin 命令参数 plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#tgtadm-help2. LinuxSCSITargetadministrationutility,version1.0.433. 4. Usage:tgtadmOPTION5. -lld-modetarget-opnew-tid-targetname6. addanewtargetwithand.mustnotbezero.7. -lld-modetarget-opdelete-force-tid8. deletethespecifictargetwith.9. Withforceoption,thespecifictargetisdeleted10. evenifthereisanactivity.11. -lld-modetarget-opshow12. showallthetargets.13. -lld-modetarget-opshow-tid14. showthespecifictargetsparameters.15. -lld-modetarget-opupdate-tid-name-value16. changethetargetparametersofthetargetwith.17. -lld-modetarget-opbind-tid-initiator-address18. -lld-modetarget-opbind-tid-initiator-name19. enablethetargettoacceptthespecificinitiators.20. -lld-modetarget-opunbind-tid-initiator-address21. -lld-modetarget-opunbind-tid-initiator-name22. disablethespecificpermittedinitiators.23. -lld-modelogicalunit-opnew-tid-lun24. -backing-store-bstype-bsopts-bsoflags25. addanewlogicalunitwithtothespecific26. targetwith.Thelogicalunitisoffered27. totheinitiators.mustbeblockdevicefiles28. (includingLVMandRAIDdevices)orregularfiles.29. bstypeoptionisoptional.30. bsoptsarespecifictothebstype.31. bsoflagssupportedoptionsaresyncanddirect32. (sync:directforboth).33. -lld-modelogicalunit-opdelete-tid-lun34. deletethespecificlogicalunitwiththat35. thetargetwithhas.36. -lld-modeaccount-opnew-user-password37. addanewaccountwithand.38. -lld-modeaccount-opdelete-user39. deletethespecificaccounthaving.40. -lld-modeaccount-opbind-tid-user-outgoing41. addthespecificaccounthavingto42. thespecifictargetwith.43. couldbeor.44. Ifyouuse-outgoingoption,theaccountwill45. beaddedasanoutgoingaccount.46. -lld-modeaccount-opunbind-tid-user-outgoing47. deletethespecificaccounthavingfromspecific48. target.The-outgoingoptionmustbeaddedifyou49. deleteanoutgoingaccount.50. -lld-modelld-opstart51. Startthespecifiedlldwithoutrestartingthetgtdprocess.52. -control-portusecontrolport53. -help54. displaythishelpandexit55. 56. Reportbugsto.3.创建Targettgtadmin中关于target命令如 下plain view plaincopy1. -lld-modetarget-opnew-tid-targetname2. addanewtargetwithand.mustnotbezero.3. -lld-modetarget-opdelete-force-tid4. deletethespecifictargetwith.Withforceoption,thespecifictargetisdeleted5. evenifthereisanactivity.6. -lld-modetarget-opshow7. showallthetargets.创建targetrootking:# tgtadm -lld iscsi -mode target -op new -tid 1 -targetname :longtangplain view plaincopy1. #-lldiscsi固定参数驱动iscsi2. #-modetarget模式target3. #-opnew操作new新创建4. #-tid1targetid号5. #-targetname.target名称6. #查看Target记录plain view plaincopy1. 2. rootking:#tgtadm-lldiscsi-modetarget-opshow3. Target1::longtang4. Systeminformation:5. Driver:iscsi6. State:ready7. I_Tnexusinformation:8. LUNinformation:9. LUN:010. Type:controller11. SCSIID:IET0001000012. SCSISN:beaf1013. Size:0MB,Blocksize:114. Online:Yes15. Removablemedia:No16. Preventremoval:No17. Readonly:No18. SWP:No19. Thin-provisioning:No20. Backingstoretype:null21. Backingstorepath:None22. Backingstoreflags:23. Accountinformation:24. ACLinformation:相关参数会列出，会默认创建LUN号为0的逻辑单元。绑定initiator name，如果不操作后续Initiator可能无法发现target。plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#tgtadm-lldiscsi-modetarget-opbind-tid1-IALL 上述命令为任何initiator都可以连接该target。4.为Target新增逻辑单元plain view plaincopy1. -lld-modelogicalunit-opnew-tid-lun2. -backing-store-bstype-bsopts-bsoflags3. addanewlogicalunitwithtothespecific4. targetwith.Thelogicalunitisoffered5. totheinitiators.mustbeblockdevicefiles6. (includingLVMandRAIDdevices)orregularfiles.7. bstypeoptionisoptional.8. bsoptsarespecifictothebstype.9. bsoflagssupportedoptionsaresyncanddirect10. (sync:directforboth).11. -lld-modelogicalunit-opdelete-tid-lun12. deletethespecificlogicalunitwiththat13. thetargetwithhas. 命令规范如上 plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#tgtadm-lldiscsi-modelogicalunit-opnew-tid1-lun1-b/dev/my_volume_group/kinglv2. rootking:#tgtadm-lldiscsi-modetarget-opshow3. Target1::longtang4. Systeminformation:5. Driver:iscsi6. State:ready7. I_Tnexusinformation:8. LUNinformation:9. LUN:010. .11. Backingstoreflags:12. LUN:113. Type:disk14. SCSIID:IET0001000115. SCSISN:beaf1116. Size:105MB,Blocksize:51217. Online:Yes18. Removablemedia:No19. Preventremoval:No20. Readonly:No21. SWP:No22. Thin-provisioning:No23. Backingstoretype:rdwr24. Backingstorepath:/dev/my_volume_group/kinglv25. Backingstoreflags:26. Accountinformation:27. ACLinformation: 创建逻辑单元号为1的逻辑单元，路径可以为LVM设备或者RAID设备，或者是文件。有时利用dd创建模拟文件可以作为path。5.安装客户端软件plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#apt-getinstallopen-iscsi2. Readingpackagelists.Done3. Buildingdependencytree4. . 检查客户端运行状态，如果未运行则开启 plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#serviceopen-iscsistatus2. CurrentactiveiSCSIsessions:3. iscsiadm:Noactivesessions.4. rootking:#serviceopen-iscsistart5. *StartingiSCSIinitiatorserviceiscsid6. iSCSIdaemonalreadyrunning 6.iSCSI客户端连接Target发现Targetplain view plaincopy1. rootking:#iscsiadm-mdiscovery-tsendtargets-p202. 20:3260,1:longtang 如果上述target 的initiator name不绑定为all此处会无法发现target。 显示已发现targetplain view plaincopy1. rootking:#iscsiadm-mnode2. 20:3260,1:longtang连接Targetplain view plaincopy1. rootking:#iscsiadm-mnode-p20-login2. Loggingintoiface:default,target::longtang,portal:20,3260(multiple)3. Logintoiface:default,target::longtang,portal:20,3260successful. 查看磁盘设备plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#ls/dev/sd*2. /dev/sda/dev/sda1/dev/sda2/dev/sda5/dev/sdb/dev/sdb1/dev/sdb2/dev/sdb3/dev/sdb4/dev/sdc3. rootking:#fdisk-l/dev/sdc4. 5. Disk/dev/sdc:104MB,104857600bytes6. 4heads,50sectors/track,1024cylinders,total204800sectors7. Units=sectorsof1*512=512bytes8. Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes9. I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes10. Diskidentifier:0x0000000011. 12. Disk/dev/sdcdoesntcontainavalidpartitiontable断开Target plain view plaincopy1. rootking:#iscsiadm-mnode-p20-logout2. Loggingoutofsessionsid:1,target::longtang,portal:20,32603. Logoutofsid:1,target::longtang,portal:20,3260successful.4. rootking:#ls/dev/sd*5. /dev/sda/dev/sda1/dev/sda2/dev/sda5/dev/sdb/dev/sdb1/dev/sdb2/dev/sdb3/dev/sdb4发现连接和断开之间设备相差一个/dev/sdc 大小在104MB。我们底层实际存储设备LV