商务英语综合教程unit1ppt课件

TheBusinessofLanguageandtheLanguageofBusiness Unit1 TheBusinessofEnglish ThedevelopmentofEnglishThedifferencebetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishTheinfluenceofEnglish Researchanddiscussion JuliusCaesarDukeofNormandyOldEnglishLatinFrenchMiddleEnglishATableAlphabeticallSamuelJohnsonWebsterOxford ThedifferencebetweenBEandAE spellingpronunciationvocabularygrammar Spelling programmecataloguehonourtheatreoffenserecognisemarvellousreflexion programcataloghonortheateroffencerecognizemarvelousreflection aestheticscepticalchequemoustachepyjamaslikeablejudgement estheticskepticalcheckmustachepajamaslikablejudgment Pronounciation Grammar TenseSubjunctivemoodCollectivenounsModalverbsPrepositions Formattingofdatesandnumbers Asmany TEXTI asmany ofthesamenumber Therewon tbeasmanyfireworksthisyear MorethanonehundredAmericancollegesanduniversitiesnowhaveeducationalexchangeswithnearlyasmanyChineseinstitutions notasmanyaswehadlastyearorpreviousyears withmoreorless100Chineseinstitutions beexposedto 1 Make something visiblebyuncoveringit e g Atlowtidethesandsareexposed e g weneedtoexposeourweaknessesinordertolearnfromthemandgrowasaresult 2 Revealthetrue objectionablenatureof someoneorsomething e g Hehasbeenexposedasaliarandatraitor 3 Ifsomeoneisexposedtosomethingdangerousorunpleasant theyareputinasituationinwhichitmightaffectthem e g Mostpeopleintheworldarenon smokersandhavearightnottobeexposedtootherpeople ssmoke 4 Ifsomeoneisexposedtoanideaorfeeling usuallyanewone theyaregivenexperienceofit orintroducedtoit e g Hewantshischildrentobeexposedtoallsortsofpeoplewithdifferentvaluesandbeliefs proficient TEXTI proficient a tobeproficientinsth aproficientspeaker Ant clumsy incompetent unskilled n proficiency proficiencyinmusicCanyounamesomecommonproficiencytestsinChina Trulythetonguespokenback TEXTI Truly thetonguespokenbackinthe1300sonlybythe lowpeople ofEnglandhascomealongway Paraphrasethesentence Indeed thelanguagespokenasearlyas1300sbythenativepeopleinEnglandhasdevelopedforalongtime peopleofthelowerclass thosewhowereatthebottomofthesociety TextI BG 2 1 WhatdotheselanguageshavetodowithEnglish Romance Germanic Norse Celtic TheEnglishlanguagederivesfromorisinfluencedbythem Romance e g French Italian Spanish PortugueseGermanic e g German SwedishNorse languagespokenbyScandinavianinhabitantsCeltic mainlyspokeninWales Scotland Ireland CornwallandtheIsleofMan TEXTI Butitselasticitymakesitmessier TEXTI Butitselasticitymakesitmessier aswellasstronger WhatrepresentstheelasticityofEnglish e g Itabsorbswordsfromotherlanguagesandacceptscreatedones thusamuchlargervocabularythanmanylanguages Initshistory itaccepts bothinspokenandwrittenform influencesfromotherlanguages religion lawandscience flexibility adaptability Butitselasticitymakesitmessier2 TEXTI HowdoestheelasticityofEnglishmakeitmessierandstronger messier TherearemanyvarietiesofEnglish differencesamongtheminpronunciation vocabulary grammarandsoon whichcanbeveryconfusingsometimes Stronger Englishcanbeusedinmanyfieldsandsoitbecomesalingualfranca andenjoysadominantstatus Whenitcomesto TEXTI Whenitcomestosavingtheplanetdocelebritiespracticewhattheypreach Whenitcomestorentingorbuying you llspendaboutthesameamount Whenitcomesto asregards to isnotfollowedbyaninfinitive butanounornounphrase barrier TEXTI barrier n to obstacle languagebarrier tradebarriertoremovebarrierstosuccesssetbarrierstocommunication obstaclehindrance Ahostof TEXTI ahostofagreatnumberof ahostofbillsahostofnewdevices acrowdof athrongof aswarmof ants bees locusts aflockof sheep birds Angst free TEXTI Angst free a withoutangerorworry free notcontainingaspecifiedsubstance oftenusedincombination tax free asugar freesoftdrink laisser faireattitude laisser faireoftenreferstotheprinciplesoffreetrade allowingforfreedomtoagreatdegree HereitmeanshardlyanyrestrictionintheuseanddevelopmentofEnglish Toseeacommitteeseuptoregulatethelanguage TEXTI toseeacommitteesetuptoregulatethelanguagetosee done tomakesure Youwillseetheworkdoneproperly Heisalwaysthelasttogotobedtoseeallthedoorslocked Tohavelittletodowith TEXTI tohavelittletodowith tohaveeverythingtodowith tohavesomethingtodowith tohavemuchtodowith tohavenothingtodowith Thus2 TEXTI Translatethefollowingsentences 1 Ifyouthrowtheballthus asI mshowingyou you llhavebetterluckhittingthetarget 如果你像我这样扔球 命中的机会更大些 2 IhaveallthetoolsIneed ThusIshouldbeabletofixthebikemyself 我有所有必要工具所以应该自己把自行车修好 3 Registeryourphonerightafterpurchase thusenablingustoprovideyouevenbetterserviceincaseofquestionsorincaseofawarrantyclaim 购买后请立即登记你的电话 以使我们在你万一提出保修要求时能提供更好的服务 tr tr tr All engulfing TEXTI all engulfing all knowing knowingeverythingall important ofgreatestimportanceall powerful havingunlimitedpower engulf Ifonethingengulfsanother itcompletelycoversorhidesit ofteninasuddenandunexpectedway e g Aseven year oldboywasfounddeadafteralandslideengulfedanapartmentblock Thoughthelanguagethatnowsweepsthe TEXTI Paraphrasethesentence thoughthelanguagethatnowsweepstheworldiscalledEnglish theculturecarriedwithitisAmerican DifferentfromthehistoryofEnglishwhenEnglishwasspreadthroughthepoweroftheBritishEmpire nowitisspreadthroughthecultureofadifferentpowerfulcountry theUSA Americanizationisequivalenttoglobalizationtoalargeextent aspire TEXTI aspire v to desire hope Humanbeingshavethepowertoaccomplishwhatevertheyintenselyaspiretoaccomplish providedtheyadheretothemethodadvocated n aspiration Whatisthelife longaspirationofthefootballplayer a aspiringambitious Today e learningisturningouttobeagreatbusinesspropositionfortheaspiringentrepreneurs Asthe20thcenturydrewon TEXTI Asthe20thcenturydrewon however andEnglishcontinuedtoencroach Frenchwasdrivenontothedefensive Paraphrasethesentence Asthe20thcenturywasapproaching andEnglishkeptonexpandingbeyondlimits Frenchwasputinacorneredposition havingtofightforprotection toadvancebeyondproper established orusuallimits Gointoeffect TEXTI gointoeffecttobecomeeffective Thenewtaxlawswon tgointoeffectuntilnextyear Otherusesofeffect Tobring put carryaplanintoeffect使一个计划付诸实施Shedisapprovedoftheproposalandwrotetothateffect 她不赞成此提议 并以书面形式表达此意 Hissilencewasineffectaconfirmationoftherumor 他的沉默实际上是证实了谣言 Theprescribedmedicinefailedtotakeeffect 医生开的药没能起作用 aspire TEXTI oblige v to Thestormgotworseandworse Finally Iwasobligedtoabandonthecarandcontinueonfoot n obligation Whenteachersassignhomework studentsusuallyfeelanobligationtodoit TheUnitedStateswilldothatwhichisnecessarytomeetitsobligationstoitsowncitizens Ifyouareobligedtodosomething asituation rule orlawmakesitnecessaryforyoutodothatthing Inindiasomepeopleseeenglishasan TEXTI InIndiasomepeopleseeEnglishasanoppressivelegacyofcolonialismthatshouldbeexterminated Paraphrasethesentence IndiawasonceregardedastheJewelintheCrownoftheBritishEmpire PeopleinIndiawouldthinktheEnglishlanguageremindsthemoftheperiodofcolonialism whichshouldbewipedout Butformanypeoplesthetriumphof TEXTI ButformanypeoplesthetriumphofEnglishisthedefeat ifnotoutrightdestruction oftheirownlanguage Paraphrasethesentence ButformanypeoplesthesuccessorthewidespreadofEnglishmeansthedefeat ifnotacompleteextinction oftheirownlanguage TextI BG 2 1 Whatishomogenisation Homogenization awordusedinmanyfields meansmakingeverythingthesame Thistextusesthetermtoreferto homogenizationoflanguage toshowthatEnglishhasbecomethedominantlanguageoftheworldwhileatthesametimemanyotherlanguagesfaceextinction TEXTI homo beingthesameorlikehomonymhomophonehomographhomogenoushomogenizehomosexual 同音同形异义词 同音词 同形异义词 同质的 同类的 使类同 同性恋的 同性恋者 multilingualism TEXTI multilingualism n usingorabletospeakseveralormanylanguageswithsomefacility a multilingual amultilingualdictionaryamultilingualperson multinational multi colored multimediamultiply v TextII BG 4 2 Whataretheserhetoricaldevices humor metaphors analogies andliteraryallusions humor TEXTII beingfunny thespeechorwritingwithingenuity verbalskill orincongruitythatmayevokelaughter metaphor afigureofspeechinwhichawordorphraseisappliedtoanobjectoractionthatitdoesnotliterallydenoteinordertoimplyaresemblance analogy acomparisonbetweentwosituations processesetcthatisintendedtoshowthatthetwoaresimilar Heusestheanalogyofthefamilytoexplaintheroleofthestate AnanalogyattributedtoSamuelJohnsonis Dictionariesarelikewatches theworstisbetterthannone andthebestcannotbeexpectedtogoquitetrue TextII BG 4 2 TEXTII literaryallusion afigureofspeechthatmakesareferenceto orrepresentationof aplace event literarywork myth orworkofart eitherdirectlyorbyimplication Inthestockmarket hemethisWaterloo MartinLutherKing Jr alludedtotheGettysburgAddressinstartinghis IHaveaDream speechbysaying Fivescoreyearsago hishearerswereimmediatelyremindedofAbrahamLincoln s Fourscoreandsevenyearsago whichopenedtheGettysburgAddress King sallusioneffectivelycalledupparallelsintwohistoricmoments multilingualism TEXTI circumlocution n anindirectwayofspeaking roundabout ambiguous multilingualism TEXTI TextIII Bg 3 pop ThestoryofthetowerofBabelisfoundinGenesis11 1 9 Andthewholeearthwasofonelanguage andofonespeech Andtheysaid Goto letusbuildusacityandatower whosetopmayreachontoheaven AndtheLordsaid Behold thepeopleisone andhaveallonelanguage andthistheybegintodo andnothingwillberestrainedfromthem letusgodownandthereconfoundtheirlanguagethattheymaynotunderstandoneanother sspeech ThereforeisthenameofitcalledBabel WhatdoyouknowaboutthestoryoftheBabel TEXTIII TextIII Bg 3 pop Herethetowerisasymbolofman saspiringarrogance rebukedbyGod BabelinmodernEnglishsimplymeansanoisyconfusion WhatdoesthetowerofBabelreferto TEXTIII manage TEXTIII manage v usedwithobject 1 tobringaboutorsucceedinaccomplishing sometimesdespitedifficultyorhardship Translatethefollowingsentences tr 工作和家庭都需要付出很多 她怎么都能做得这么好 WorkandFamilyarebigcommitments Howdoesshemanageitall tr 尽管两人没有见过面 但是他们还是从人群中找出了对方 Althoughtheyhavenevermet theymanagedtoidentifyeachotheramongthecrowds Manage2 TEXTIII 2 totakechargeorcareof Translatethefollowingsentence tr 他决定自己来掌管投资事物 Hedecidedtomanagehisinvestmentsbyhimself tr 3 tohandle direct govern orcontrolinactionoruse Translatethefollowingsentence tr 对于经验不足的水手来说 在大风中控制好船帆是很困难的事 Forlessexperiencedsailorsitisdifficulttomanagethesailinstrongwinds Manage3 TEXTIII usedwithoutobject 4 tocontinuetofunction progress orsucceed usuallydespitehardshipordifficulty getalong Translatethefollowingsentences tr 这是艰苦的年代 但是我们挺过来了 Itwasaroughtime butwemanaged tr 他的太太要出差了 他既要接送小孩还要买菜做饭 他怎么办啊 Hiswifewillbeawayonbusiness sohehastosendandpickupthekidsanddotheshopping Howwillhemanage perceptively TEXTIII perceptively adv keenly sensitively Otherformsoftheword 对问题深入透彻的分析 aperceptiveanalysisoftheproblemsinvolved perceptive a havingorshowingkeennessofinsight understandina g orintuition 察觉到危险临近 perceivetheapproachofthreat perceive v tobeawareof know 在能预见到的未来 intheperceivablefuture perceivable a canbeperceived canbeseen Filterout TEXTIII filterout toremoveorseparatesthbytheactionofafilter Thesoftwaremagnatehasalmostanentiredepartmentworkingtofilteroutunwantedmails filteroutthedirt过滤出脏东西filteroutimpurities滤除杂质 Londonsrichlinguisticmedley TEXTIII London srichlinguisticmedleypassesthrough andisconnectedby EnglishbutsincetheEnglishdon tspeakdifferentlanguages cosmopolitanismisinLondonbutnotreallyofit Canyouparaphrasethesentence InLondonthereisalargevarietyoflanguagesused togetherwithEnglish andisconnectedbythiscommonlanguage ButtheEnglishpeoplecanspeakonlyonelanguage soLondonisnotarealinternationalcityalthoughitappearsorsoundsso Nowaboveallwhatoncesounded TEXTIII Now aboveall whatoncesoundedlikeajoyousbabelcantakeonamoresinisterring Canyouparaphrasethesentence ThesentencereferstotheprevioussentencethatregardsEnglishas atwo edgedsword Beingthenativespeakeroftheworldlanguage English usedtobebliss Nowithasbecomeacursewhentheydonotunderstandanyotherlanguages Laisser faireattitude TEXTI debilitate v Ifyouaredebilitatedbysomethingsuchasanillness itcausesyourbodyormindtobecomegraduallyweaker StewarttookoveryesterdaywhenRussellwasdebilitatedbyastomachvirus 2 Todebilitateanorganization society orgovernmentmeanstograduallymakeitweaker TheirmadeeffortstodebilitatethepoliticalwilloftheWesternalliance debilitatingadj Susceptibleto TEXTIII susceptibleto easilyinfluencedandaffected Translatethefollowingsentences tr Somepeoplearemoresusceptibletosymptomsofanxiety andstressinducedillnesses 有些人更容易出现焦虑的症状 或者其它由于压力而引起的疾病 tr 年轻人更容易受到毒品的诱惑 Theyoungaresusceptibletotheallureofdrugs Fallingoffacliff TEXTIII fallingoffacliff asharpdecrease asuddendroptothebottom Translatethefollowingsentences tr 上个月美国的经济如同上演了一场惊悚秀 经济数据急转直下 ThelastmonthhasbeenahorrorshowfortheU S economy witheconomicdatafallingoffacliff tr 如果发达市场的经济发展突然跌入谷底 新兴市场的经济发展能够挽救世界经济吗 Ifeconomicgrowthindevelopedmarketsweretofalloffthecliff wouldgrowthinemergingmarketssavetheworldeconomy Theadageyoucanbuyinyourown TEXTIII Whatdoesthesayingmean Inforeigntradeitputsyouinanadvantageouspositionifyoucandobusinessinthelanguageofyourclients Ifyouwanttosellyourgoods you dbetterunderstandyourcustomerverywellandthegoodunderstandingcanbereflectedinyourmasteryoftheirlanguage whichmeansasuccessfuldeal theadage youcanbuyinyourownlanguage butyoumustsellinthelanguageofyourcustomer isgraphicallyillustratedintheUK sexportfigures Theadageyoucanbuyinyourown2 TEXTIII Canyouparaphrasethesentence ThesayingprovestobetrueifyoulookattheexportfiguresoftheUK InBritain sincethenat