unit5 讲稿21世纪第二册.doc

大学英语二讲稿 21st Century College English (Book II)Unit 5 Holding Onto a DreamPart I (1st-2nd period)I. Warm-up activities1. Tell the students to scan the text for a few minutes and ask the following questions:1) How many of Priscillas brothers or sisters have received college education?(None.)2) How long do students need to be financially independent from their parents before they qualify for additional financial aid? (At least two years.)3) What was Priscillas first job? (Working at a restaurant.)4) What did Priscilla learn in the job-training program? (She learned various office skills and word-processing programs, and she also learned to answer the phone in an office setting, and write proper business letters.)5) How did Priscilla balance work and school in her first semester? (She stayed up late studying and went to work early every morning. She had a hard time but she ended up with two As in her first semester.)6) What was Priscillas major? And what did she do in the summer of 1992? (Her major was archeology. She was offered an opportunity to join in a summer research project at a site alongside the Snake River in Washington.)7) What did Priscilla do after she graduated from Wenatchee Valley College? (She applied to the University of Washington once more.)8) Looking back on her years of struggle to make her dream come true, what does Priscilla conclude from her own experience? (To balance work and study, you have to know yourself. To know what you can take and what you cant take. You need discipline, but you need determination most. Get back up where you get put down, and keep fighting.)2.Briefly sum up the story of Priscilla Vasquez.This text is a story of Priscilla Vazquez, how Priscilla made her dream come true. She wanted to be the first one to college in her family. But when the letter of Washington University arrived, she found that she didnt have enough to go. Then she lived on her own and worked for her tuition fee. Two years later, she reapplied to Washington University and was accepted. She finished the course with BA under serious circumstances. We can see she almost spent 9 years to finish her college. It is rare in China while common in USA. Only if you have the determination, you can realize your dream. American college student hold a different opinion: they focus on process not the result. They dont care when to graduate or taking off, once they can do something theyre interested in.II. Background information1. University of Washington The University of Washington is a state-supported institution of higher education occupying a campus of 684 acres in Seattle, Washington State, USA. Founded in 1861, the university is the oldest publicly supported on the US Pacific Coast. Instruction was first offered on a campus in what is now the central business district of Seattle. The move to the present campus was made in 1895. The university library collection contains over 5 million catalogued volumes, an equal number in microform and several million items in other formats. 2. community collegeA community college is a two-year publicly owned college that offers programs of study enabling students to terminate their higher education with an earned degree, transfer to a senior college, or pursue studies that do not lead to a degree. An Associate of Arts or Associate of Science degree (A.A. or A.S.) is awarded upon completion of two years of study. Community colleges offer a wide range of academic and vocational programs and also provide non-credit adult education. Students can transfer to four-year colleges from community colleges. Community colleges have fairly open admissions policy and flexible curricula. They are the educational and cultural centers of the communities they serve. Wenatchee Valley College, which was founded in 1939, is a community college located 145 miles from Seattle in Wenatchee, Washington State, USA.3. degree, credit, and credit hourDegrees are titles conferred on students by a college or university on completion of a program of study. Normally there are four types of degrees: Associates (completion of a program in a specific career field). Bachelors (conferred after completion of an undergraduate program). Masters (first graduate degree), and Doctorate (second graduate degree and final degree).Also known as rapid reading, speed-reading is a method of reading rapidly by skimming and scanning. The aim is to increase the number of words read in a certain length of time, as well as the readers comprehension of the text.III. Language Points1. overjoyed adj. extremely pleased and happy 万分高兴的，欣喜若狂的 Were overjoyed at your news.+ to infinitive Helen was overjoyed to hear that she had got the job.+ that Im overjoyed that youre coming to visit me.2. prospective adj. 可能成为.的，未来的，预期的 prospective buyers/employers/parents (people who are expected to buy something/employ someone/become a parent) Weve had three sets of prospective buyers looking round the house. Always be polite to prospective buyers. I handed my resume to a prospective spect (possibility) noun.A) C or U the possibility that something good might happen in the future: 期望，展望，前景 Is there any prospect of the weather improving? There seems little prospect of an end to the dispute. Theres every prospect of success.+ that Theres not much prospect that this war will be over soon.B) S the idea of something that will or might happen in the future: 很快可能发生的事 The prospect of spending three whole days with her fills me with horror. Im very excited at the prospect of seeing her again. We face the prospect of having to start all over again.C) C a person who might be chosen, for example as an employee: 有希望的人选 Well be interviewing four more prospects for the posts this spects plural noun the possibility of being successful, especially at work: Shes hoping the course will improve her career spects of/for (= Opportunities for) employment remain bleak for most people in the area3. eligible adj.A) having the necessary qualities or fulfilling the necessary conditions: 符合被推选条件的，合格的 Are you eligible for early retirement? Only people over 18 are eligible to vote. Are you eligible for the scholarship? Because of Johns medical problem, he is not eligible to join the navy.B) describes someone who is not married and is desirable as a marriage partner, especially because they are rich and attractive: 适合结婚的 I can think of several eligible bachelors of my acquaintance.eligibility noun U Ill have to check her eligibility to take part. The eligibility rules prevent under-18s being in the team.4. minimum (plural minimums or minima) 最小量，最低程度noun C usually singular (WRITTEN ABBREVIATION min): the smallest amount or number allowed or possible Wage increases are being kept to a minimum because of the recessin. She hoped that her fiftieth birthday would pass with the minimum of fuss. We need a minimum of ten people to play this game.The opposite is maximum.minimum adj. 最小量的，最低限度的 Eighteen is the minimum age for entering most nightclubs. minimum adv. She reckons that you should do three exercise classes a week minimum to get any of the benefits.minimize minimise(BrE) verb T A) to reduce something to the least possible level or amount: 把.减至最低数量或程度 We must minimize the risk of infection. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to minimize the impact of the oil spill.The opposite is maximize.B) to make something seem less important or smaller than it really is: 轻视,不认真对待 She accused the government of minimizing the suffering of thousands of people. Its important to focus on your strengths and to minimize your weaknesses.minimal adj. very small in amount 最小的，尽可能少的 There were no injuries and damage to the building was minimal.5. claim verb A) T to ask for something of value because you think it belongs to you or because you think you have a right to it: 对.提出要求，认领，声称有.的权利 The police said that if no one claims the watch, you can keep it. When King Richard III died, Henry VII claimed the English throne.B) I or T to make a written demand for money from a government or organization because you think you have a right to it: 索取 The number of people claiming unemployment benefit has risen sharply this month. Dont forget to claim (for) your travelling expenses after the interview. When my bike was stolen, I claimed on the insurance and got 150 back. If the shop wont give me a replacement TV, Ill claim my money back.noun CA) a written request asking an organization to pay you a sum of money which you believe they owe you: 索取赔偿 After her house was burgled, she made a claim on her insurance. Please submit your claim for travelling expenses to the accounts department.B) a right to have something or obtain something from someone: （对某事物的）权利，所有权 She has no rightful claim to the title. Our neighbours have no claim to (= cannot say that they own) that strip of land between our houses. My ex-wife has no claims on me (= has no right to any of my money).6. dependent (on, upon) noun. a person who depends on another for a home, food, etc依赖他人生活者，受抚养者 Ever since his parents died, Max is a dependent of his grandparents. Mary is her parents only dependent. A dependent is also someone who can be listed on a wage earners income-tax form and thereby reduce the taxes. The Smiths claim their children as dependents on their tax returns.7. postpone (until, to)verb T to delay an event and plan or decide that it should happen at a later date or time: 延迟，使延期 They decided to postpone their holiday until next year.+ ing form of verb Weve had to postpone going to France because the children are ill. The meeting was postponed because my boss was sick. The nervous couple postponed their wedding until the next year.postponement noun C or U We were disappointed by yet another postponement of our trip.8. sponsor verb T A) to support a person, organization or activity by giving money, encouragement or other help: 资助，赞助 The team is sponsored by JVC, so the players wear the letters JVC on their shirts. Eva said she was doing a ten-mile walk for charity and asked if Id sponsor her for 1 a mile.B) 发起，主办 The church sponsored the fair to raise money for elderly people.9. diversion noun CA) something that takes your attention away from something else: 转向，转移，偏离 Shoplifters often work in pairs, with one creating a diversion (= an action that takes someones attention away from something) to distract the shop assistants while the other steals the goods.B) FORMAL an activity you do for entertainment: 娱乐，消遣 Reading is a pleasant diversion.divert verb T A) (from) to take someones attention away from something: 使人分心，转移注意力 The war has diverted attention (away) from the countrys economic problems.B) FORMAL to entertain someone: 使消遣，使娱乐 Its a marvelous game for diverting restless children on long car journeys.C) to cause something or someone to change direction: 使转向，使转移 Traffic will be diverted through the side streets while the main road is resurfaced. Our flight had to be diverted to Beijing because of the storm.D) to use something for a different purpose: 使转换用途 Should more funds/money/resources be diverted from roads into railways?10. ultimate adj.most extreme or important because either the original or final, or the best or worst: 最远的，最后的，终极的 Of course the ultimate responsibility for the present conflict without doubt lies with the aggressor. The ultimate decision about who to employ lies with Andrew.ultimate noun 终极，顶点，极限the ultimate in sth: the best or most extreme example of something: It describes the hotel as “the ultimate in luxury”.ultimately adv.A) finally, after a series of things have happened: 最终，终于，最后 Everything will ultimately depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week.B) used to emphasize the most important fact in a situation: Ultimately, hell have to decide.11. priority noun C or Usomething that is very important and must be dealt with before other things. 优先考虑的事，优先权 The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority. My first/top priority is to find somewhere to live. You have to learn to get your priorities right/straight (= decide which are the most important jobs or problems and deal with them first). Mending the lights is a priority task (= more important than other jobs). Banks normally give priority to large businesses when deciding on loans (= They deal with them first because they consider them most important). Official business requirements obviously take/have priority over personal requests (= Official business matters will be dealt with first).prioritize: (BrE)prioritise verb I or T to decide which of a group of things are the most important so that you can deal with them first: 使优先，给.优先权 You must learn to prioritize your work.prior adj.before nounA) prior to sth: before a particular time or event: 在.之前的 the weeks prior to her deathB) more important: 优先的 I stopped palying computer games because my work had a prior claim on my time.12. cautious adj.A) describes someone who avoids risks 十分小心的 Hes a cautious driver. David is always cautious about his investments. He is cautious of telling secrets/ is cautious not to tell secrets.B) describes something which is careful, well considered and sometimes slow or uncertain: 谨慎的 a cautious approach cautious criticismcaution (care) noun U great care and attention: 小心，谨慎，慎重 We need to proceed with extreme caution (= be careful in taking action, making decisions, etc.) They treated the story of his escape with (some/great/extreme) caution (= thought that it might not be true).13. distraction noun C or U 分心，精神不集中，分心的事 I can turn the television off if you find it a distraction.distract verb T to make someone stop giving their attention to something: 使.分 Dont distract her (from her studies). He tried to distract attention from his own illegal activities.distracting adj. 令人分心的 Please turn your music down - its very distracting.14. determination noun U the process of controlling, influencing or deciding something:A) the ability to make firm decisions and act in accordance with them 坚定；果断；决断力B) the fixing of sth. exactly; the deciding of sth. 测定；决定 a man of determination They are pursuing their aims with relentless (不屈不挠的) determination. Janes determination to overcome her handicap was an inspiration to everyone on the team. the determination of a ships position the determination of future policy15. hold onto: try to keep; stick to; cling to; not give up 抓住；坚持 How long can the climber hold onto the cliff? We should hold onto the house and sell it later when prices are higher. They hold on to their principles with a rare firmness.16. come up with: A) manage to produce (a sum of money needed) 提供 (钱款) B) think of and suggest (a plan, reply, etc.) 提出，想出 You have no choice but to come up with the $2,000 you owe me. The kidnapper wanted the family to come up with a ransom of $200,000 for the little boy. I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. If you cannot come up with an answer to the question in ten seconds, you are out of the game.17. get by:A) have enough money for ones needs or way of life (勉强) 对付过去B) be good enough but not very good; be acceptable 过得去 When I was a student I used to be able to get by on 20 yuan a month. Ill get by with a bicycle until we can afford a car. Your work will get by, but try to improve it.18. Apart from: separately from, except for, in addition to 与分离着 The garage is set apart from the house. Apart from the salary, it is not a bad job. Apart from chocolate, Bobs favorite food is steak.19. sign up for: sign an agreement to take part in sth. 签约从事 What made you decide to sign up for the art course? Many men sign up for the army because they cant get ordinary jobs.20. make ends meet: get just enough money for all ones needs 使收支相抵；勉强生计The phrase seems to be a shortening of make both ends of the year meet. Families with both husband and wife laid off are finding it difficult to make ends meet. They decided to sell their big house to make ends meet. He managed to make both ends meet with two jobs.21. as of: (AmE) from (the time stated) (美)自起 As of next week, I will be working at home. The new timetable will come into effect as of tomorrow.22. throw oneself into: do or take part in eagerly and actively 投身于；积极从事 She threw herself into her work heart and soul. After school, John always threw himself into computer games.23. take (time) off (from sth): leave (school, a job, etc.) for a period of time 暂时放下 (学业、工作等)；休假 He took two hours off to meet his sister at the airport. I explained to my boss that I had to take two days off the next week.24. end up with: get in the end 结果是；以告终 After much effort, they ended up with a contract. Jim entered the competition without much hope, not thinking he would end up with the first prize!end up doing sth: eventually do sth. different(ly) than planned 以结束，以告终 I never dreamed that I would end up owning such a lot of property. We ended up taking a taxi instead of a bus.25. make ones dream come true: realize what one has wished for or dreamed of 使梦想成真 Dave wondered if he could ever make his dream come