专业八级的改错练习.doc

专业八级的改错练习12Most people would describe water like a colorless liquid. They _1_would know that in very cold conditions it becomes a solid called ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam. _2_However, water, they would say, is a liquid. We have learned that water consists of molecules composed with two atoms of hydrogen _3_and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the formula H2O.This is equally true of the solid called ice and the gas called steam.Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and the solid, all of which is made up of molecules with the formula H2O. _4_This is true of other chemical substances; most of them can exist as gases or as liquids or as solids. We may normally think of iron as a solid, but if we will heat it in a furnace, it will melt and become a _5_liquid, and at very high temperatures it will become a gas. Nothingvery permanent occurs when a gas changes into a liquid or a solid.Everyone knows that ice, which has been made by freezing water,can be melted again by warmed and that steam can be condensed _6_on a cold surface to become liquid water. In fact, it is only because water is so a familiar substance that different names are used for _7_the solid, liquid and gas. Most substances are only familiar with _8_us in one state, because the temperatures requiring to turn them _9_into gases are very high, or the temperatures necessary to turn them into solids are so low. Water is an exception in this respect, which is another reason why its three states have given three different names. _10_答案:1 改like为as.describe sth as sth 是把描述成的意思。2 改heating为heated.在时间,条件,让步等状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语是一致的时候,可以将从句的主语和be的变化形式省略。3 改with为of.be composed of 意思为“包括,由组成”4 改is made up 为 are made up.which 指代上文中的 the gas, the liquid,and the solid,表示复数概念,所以要用are5 将第一个will去掉,在时间条件状语从句和条件状语从句中要用现在时表示将来时。6 by改为when.when warm 相当于 when it is warmed7 改so为such.8改with为to.短语familiar to 后面才能接“某人” familiar with 是接sth9改requiring为required.过去分词短语作后置定语时,和被修饰的名词时逻辑动宾关系。10 have 后加 been.动词give和主语three states 是动宾关系专业八级的改错练习13Classic Intention MovementIn social situations, the classic Intention Movement is “the chair-grasp”. Host and guest have been talking for some time, but now the host has an ppointment to keep and can get away. His urge _1_to go is held in cheek by his desire not be rude to his guest. If he did _2_not care of his guests feelings he would simply get up out of his chair _3_and to announce his departure. This is what his body wants to do, _4_therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him _5_raise. It is at this point that he performs the chair-grasp Intention _6_Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upwards. _7_This is the first act he would make if he were rising. If he were not _8_hesitating, it would only last the fraction of the second. He would lean, _9_push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lasts much longer. He holds his “readiness-to-rise” post and keeps on holding it. It is as if his _10_body had frozen at the get-ready moment.答案:1 将can改为must。根据上下文的意思“主人有一个约会,必须离开”是客观要求,而不是“能不能”或者“可不可以”的问题。2 not后面加to。desire 后应该加动词不定式to do something。3 将of 改为about。care about意思为“对在意,在乎”,而care of 意思为“转交”。(觉得还可以直接去掉 of,care 本身也有在乎的意思,可是答案不这么写,你怎么看嘞?)4 删掉and或者to。5 将therefore 改为 yet或but。这两部分之间应是转折的关系。6 将raise改为rise。raise 是及物动词,后面必须加宾语,而且在此与文章意思不符。rise意为“起身”,“站起来”,符合文义。7 在as 和 about之间加上if或者though。此处的意思是主人身子往前倾,双手抓着椅子,好像就要站起来一样。as if/ though to do something 意思为“仿佛要做什么事情”。8 将make改为perform或do。此处考查搭配问题,动词make与前面的act不能搭配。9将the改为a。a fraction of a second 意思为非常短暂的时间。10 将post改为posture专业八级的改错练习14The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric human _1_ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing with animal foods _2_An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that one-half emphasize gathering plants foods,one-third concentrate on fishing, and only one-sixth are primarily hunters,Overall, two-thirds and more of the hunter-gatherers calories come from _3_plants. Detailed studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University of London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible _4_calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. _5_Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, and no _6_one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if they escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to old ages despite of the absence _7_of medical care. They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, no heart disease, and their blood cholesterol levels are very low (about half of the average American adult). _8_If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal life style, we certainly _9_could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. _10_答案:1 将as 改为like。此处的意思是“像史前人类祖先那样生活”。2 将supplementing改为supplemented。supplemented 修饰diet,可以看作which is supplemented with animal foods的简化形式。3 将and 改为or。4将in改为on。on average 是固定用法。5 将as 改为while或者whereas6删掉for,或者将provide改为account。此处provide 是及物动词,后面不用介词for7 删掉第一个of。despite 做介词,后面直接接名词。8 在half后加that。that 指代前面的blood cholesterol levels,不能省略,因为这里是将部落成员的胆固醇含量与美国人的胆固醇含量相比较。9将if改为whereas或者while。此处意思为“尽管没有人,但是”,是转折关系。10在for后面加不定冠词a。专业八级的改错练习15There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt naturally and unconsciously, and orthography _1_is learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds _2_like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock when we _3_firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at once, _4_whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We _5_begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and _6_practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every _7_day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling.This is natural, therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our im- _8_mediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates a means of holding a community and to give a sense of belonging. We learn quite early to recognize a _9_stranger, someone who speaks with an accent of a different communityperhaps only a few miles far. _10_答案:1将and改为whereas/but/yet2 将with改为of。unconscious of 是固定搭配。3 删掉out。speak out 意思为“大胆地说”,“大声地说”,与此处意思不符。4将firstly改为first5将which改为that或者将which删掉。限制性定语从句前面的先行词是something,因此要用that引导定语从句。也可以将which删掉,不用任何引导词。6将went改为go7删掉per或者every8将This改为It。It在此处做形式主语,后面的that从句是真正的主语。9 在community后面加together。此处的大意为“语音是把社区团结在一起的工具”。10将far改为away。“只有几英里远”应是 a few miles away。专业八级的改错练习16Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised _1_hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, _2_enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his prey. _3_To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a million _4_year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival depended on success _5_in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their _6_bodies, became radically changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group _7_attackers. Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long formative _8_period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new usethat of penning, _9_controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms,awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer _10_essential for survival. 答案: 1 将viewing改为viewed。非谓语动词view和句子的主语是逻辑动宾关系。 2 将inaccurate改为accurate。如果真的目标不准确,也就不可能进球了(he scores a goal)。 3 在enjoys前面加he。由于前面if his aim is accurate and he scores a goal 是条件状语从句,因此可见这里是主句,主句的主语he是不可以省略的。 4 将look up at的up省略 5 将year变为复数 6 将if去掉 7 将co-operate 改为co-operated 8 将when改为after 9将were改为was。该谓语动词的主语是Their improved intelligence,是单数。 10 将farming改为hunting。纵观全文,在从事种植业后,“狩猎”而不是“农耕”的危险和不确定性对人们的生存已经不再那么重要了。专业八级的改错练习17During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifebloodof Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheatin almost as much feeling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat _1_became an increasing favorite topic of conversation. _2_War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop.For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on throughthe Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn,so farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that _3_they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, _4_just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producers _5_groups asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become _6_involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild. _7_Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal government appointed _8_a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at pricesfixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed _9_the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices. _10_ 答案:the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifebloodof Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheatin almost as much feeling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat 将in改为withbecame an increasing favorite topic of conversation. 将increasing改为incresinglyWar set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop.For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on throughthe Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn,so farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that 将so改为butthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, 删掉soon或者shortlyjust to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producers 将just改为only groups asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become 在asked 后面加上forinvolving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild. 将involving改为involvedAnxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal government appointed 将life改为livinga board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at pricesfixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed 删掉with或将handle改为dealthe first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices. 将total改为full/complete/absolute/overall专业八级的改错练习18For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation of the arts have been to deny the existence of any valid criteria and to make the _1_words “good” or “bad” irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such thing, we are told, like a set of standards first acquired through experience and _2_knowledge and late imposed on the subject under discussion. This has been a _3_popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the public by the necessity of knowledge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, it _4_flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts the _5_confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our forefathers did no mean, it says, in effect, “Who are you to tell us what is good or bad?” This is same cry used so long and so effectively by the producers of mass _6_media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear _7_and to see, and that for a critic to say that this program is bad and that program is good is pure a reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently has expressed this _8_ philosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent _9_president of CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal Communications Commission, this phrase escaped from him under questioning: “One mans mediocrity _10_is another mans good program”.答案: 1 将have改为has。该句的主语 the fashion是单数.2 将like改为as。such as 是固定搭配.3 将late改为later。later和上文first对应.4 将by改为of或者from。 relieve sb of/ from sth 是固定搭配, 意思为 “减轻某人(的负担等)”5 将him改为them。因为其先行词为 the empty-minded,而 “the+adj/p.p” 表示一类人时,通常表示复数概念.6 在same前加the。the same 表示 “唯一,独一无二”的概念,因此必须加定冠词.7 将decide改为decides。该句的主语 the public 表示的是单数概念.,这一点从后面的代词it 可以看得出来.8 将pure改为purely。在这里purely作状语,修饰谓语动词,因此应使用副词.9 将most改为more。more than 搭配,引导出比较状语从句.10 将from去掉。escape在作 “被某人情不自禁地说出来”讲时,是及物动词,而只在作 “逃跑”讲时,才时不及物动词.专业八级的改错练习19For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation of the arts have been to deny the existence of any valid criteria and to make the _1_words “good” or “bad” irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such thing, we are told, like a set of standards first acquired through experience and _2_knowledge and late imposed on the subject under discussion. This has been a _3_popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the public by the necessity of knowledge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, it _4_flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts the _5_confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our forefathers did no mean, it says, in effect, “Who are you to tell us what is good or bad?” This is same cry used so long and so effectively by the producers of mass _6_media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear _7_and to see, and that for a critic to say that this program is bad and that program is good is pure a reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently has expressed this _8_ philosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent _9_president of CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal Communications Commission, this phrase escaped from him under questioning: “One mans mediocrity _10_is another mans good program”. 答案:1 将the have改为has。该句的主语 the fashion是单数.2 将like改为as。such as 是固定搭配.3 将late改为later。later和上文first对应.4 将by改为of或者from。relieve sb of/ from sth 是固定搭配, 意思为 “减轻某人(的负担等)”5 将him改为them。因为其先行词为 the empty-minded,而 “the+adj/p.p” 表示一类人时,通常表示复数概念.6 在same前加the。the same 表示 “唯一,独一无二”的概念,因此必须加定冠词.7 将decide改为decides。该句的主语 the public 表示的是单数概念.,这一点从后面的代词it 可以看得出来.8 将pure改为purely。在这里purely作状语,修饰谓语动词,因此应使用副词.9 将most改为more。more than 搭配,引导出比较状语从句.10 将from去掉。escape在作 “被某人情不自禁地说出来”讲时,是及物动词,而只在作 “逃跑”讲时,才时不及物动词.专业八级的改错练习20The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical _1_ words have “less meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them _2_ “empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. But this is a rather _3_ misled way of expressing the distinction. Although a word like the is not the name _4_ of something as man is, it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a _5_ sharp difference in meaning between “man is vile” and “the man is vile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. Moreover, grammatical words _6_ differ considerably among themselves as the amount of meaning they have even in _7_ the lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been “little words.”But size is by no mean a good criterion for distinguishing the grammatical words.” _8_ of English, when we consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. _9_ Apart from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say:we certainly do create a great number of obscurity when we omit them. This is _10_ illustrated not only in the poetry of Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines. 考试大答案:1 删掉the 此处的most并不表示obvious的最高级,而是用作副词修饰obvious,表示程度很高,因此前面不能加the。2 将but改为and 根据文章的意思,这里要用并列关系的and。3 将in改为to。 as apposed to 是固定搭配,意思是“与相比”。4 将misled改为misleading5删掉away。 此处考查固定用法。 far from being.意思为“远非”“远远不怎么样”,符合这里的意思。而far away from 表示离某处很远。6 将single改为only或者sole。这里要表达“唯一的”。7 在as后面加to或者将as 改为in。联系上下文,此处的意思是“grammatical words 本身在某某方面也有相当的差异,”as to 有“关于”或者“在某某方面的意思”;将as改为in,用differ from something in也可表达这个意思。考试大8 将mean改为means考试大9 将as改为like,或者在as前面加such10 将number改为deal或者amount。obscurity是不可数名词,不能用a number of 来修饰。专业八级的改错练习21More people die of tuberculosis than of any other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably been the case in quite a while. During the _1_ early stages of the industrial