主谓一致讲义与练习.doc

主谓一致I、重点难点解析主谓一致的高考命题导向考点主要分布在：语法结构对主谓一致的影响；充当主语的词汇意义对主谓一致的影响；复合句中的主谓一致等。主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的变化。一 主谓一致原则一览表原则 概念 例句语法一致原则指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式Steve Ember is a good playerChildren like toys.意义一致原则指主语形式上为单数但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式My family are having lunch nowNews is travelling fast nowadays就近一致原则谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语There is a knife and two forks on the deskEither you or he is to go二 概念归纳：1. 表时间，距离，金额，重量，数字等的复数名词作“整体”看时，谓语常用单数。 Two hours is quite enough.2. 以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。1) 表学科的名词(physics)、书报名(the Times)、国名(the United States)或组织名称(the United Nations)及news单数2) 单复同形的名词，如：means, works等。 Every means has been tried./ All means have been tried.3) the Olympic Games复数3. 集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数：1) people, police, cattle等名词复数2) clothing, furniture, equipment等名词单数3) family, class, government等名词表示整体时单数，表单位成员时复数。4. a number of/a variety of复数名词，the形容词指“一类人”时作主语，谓语用复数the number of/the variety of复数名词，the形容词指抽象的“事物”时，谓语用单数如：The beautiful is loved by all.（表抽象的概念）5. 以and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式，但名词有each, every, no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 Walking and riding are good exercises. Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday. 注意：当and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人，物或概念时，仍用单数。 The teacher and writer is popular with his students.(区别：The teacher and the writer are)6. 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语用单数。但what引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。 What we need is time./ What we need are books.7. 主语后接with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, in addition to等短语时，谓语根据主语用单复数。8. 在“one of复数名词who/that”引导的定语从句中的动词用复数，但当one之前有等the (only/very)修饰语时，从句中的动词则用单数。 This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning. This is the only one of the girls who was late for school this morning.9. glasses, shoes, trousers等复数名词若其前有pair/kind/type/box of等量词修饰时，谓语根据量词的单复数而定。10. 由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/ half of/the rest of/most of+名词/代词或分数/百分数名词”作主语时，谓语视其所接的名词决定单复数。 Three-fifths of the books are intended for the poor students. The rest of the money belongs to you.11. 由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的名词/代词作主语及there be结构，谓语与靠近的主语一致。 Not only we but also the teacher likes listening to MP4. There is a book and two pens on the desk.12. 不定代词(all指人除外)，many a 名词单数, more than one作主语时,谓语用单数。 All has been finished./ All are late for the meeting.主谓一致练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Her advice _ useful to me. ( be )2. Laying eggs _ the queen ants full-time job. ( be )3. Everyone _ Tom and Mary will get married next month. (know)4. Nothing _ been done to stop the lake from being polluted. (have)5. Either of the rooms _ big enough.( be ) 6. More than one person _ killed in the accident. ( be ) 7. More questions than one _ been asked. ( have) 8. A poor woman together with her four children _ found begging in the street. ( be )9.The professor, including all of his students _ gone abroad. ( have)10. Two hours _ enough for us to finish the work. ( be )11. One hundred dollars a month _ not a high pay. ( be )12. Arabian Nights _ a book popular with the young children. ( be )13. Politics _ not easy for the students to learn well. ( be )14. The youth _ fond of rock n roll music. ( be )15. Fifty tons of coal _ wasted in the factory last year. ( be )16. A large quantity of new machines _ been bought by the factory this year. ( have ) 17. Collecting stamps _ my hobbies. ( be )18. Each boy and each girl _ to finish the work on time. ( be )19. What they needed _ some water. ( be )20. Nearly 60 percent of the students in our class _ boys. ( be )21. More than two thirds of the surface of the earth _ covered by water. ( be )22. Neither my parents nor my sister _ known the secret. ( have )23. There _ some water and stones in the bottle. ( be )24. Tom and Dick _ (be) good friends.25. A singer and dancer _ (be) present at the party yesterday.26. The worker and writer _ (be) talking to the students.27. Bread and butter _ (taste) good.28. No bird and no beast _ (be) seen in the bare island.29. Many a boy and many a girl _ (have) made such a funny experiment.30. At Christmas each boy and each girl _(be) given a present.31. No one but the teachers _ (be) allowed to use the room.32. My family _ (be) a big family. 33. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.34. He is one of the students who _(have) passed the exam.35. He is the only one of the students who _(have) passed the exam.36. Many a man _(have) done his duty.37. More than one game _ (be) lost.38. There _ ( be ) a notebook, a pen and some books on the desk.39. There _ ( be ) some books, a pen and a notebook on the desk. 40. Whether she comes or not _ (be) of no matter.41. We need one of the students who _ at the meeting. He is the only one of the students who _ (speak) English fluently.42. Many a students in our class _ pop music while many students in their class _ (like) classic music.43. Each of them _ Chinese food . They each _(enjoy) Chinese food.44. The worker and writer referred to _ (go) to write a comedy.45. This kind of cartoons _ well in the bookstore while cartoons of that kind _ (sell) badly.46. No boy and no girl _ (prevent) by the heavy rain from taking part in the activity.47. (2008浙江卷) To some degree, choosing which way to work partly _(depend) on the individuals characters, I think working in a team _(be) suitable for me, because I believe “Two heads are better than one” which _(lead) to our work more efficient.二、对比选择填空：1a. He is the only one of the students that _ got full mark. b. He is one of the students that _ got full make. A. is B. are C. has D. have2. a. Three fourths of the teachers present _ against the plan. b. Three fourths of the surface of the earth _ covered with water. A. is B. are C. was D. were3. a. The famous singer and dancer _ our party this evening. b. The famous singer and the famous dancer _ our party this evening. A. are going to attend B. was to attend C. were to attend D. is going to attend4. a. A number of students _ from the country. b. The number of students _ 900. A. is B. are C. has D. have5. a. Where and when to have the party _ not been decided yet. b. What I say and think _ nothing to do with you. A. is B. has C. are D. have6. a. Many a boy _ this kind of bicycle. b. Many boys _ this kind of bicycle. A. like B. likes7. a. All but one _ here now. b. There is nothing unusual. All _ going well. A. has B. is C. have D. are8. a. What she wants _ more time. b. What she wants _ more sheep. A. has B. have C. is D. are9. a. I can work out two of the five problems, but the rest _ too difficult for me. b. I have finished one third of the work and the rest _ left for you. A. is B. are C. has D. have10. a. The population of the small country _ 600,000. b. Two thirds of the population in this small country _ farmers. A. has B. have C. is D. are11. a. The basketball team _ baths now. b. The basketball team _ 5 members. A. has B. is having C. are having D. have12. a. My family _ very small. b. The family _ sitting round the table now. A. is B. were C. was D. are13.a. Either you or I _ going to the teachers office after class. b. _ either you or I going to the teachers office after class? A. is B. are C. am D. has14.a. They each _ a new English-Chinese dictionary. b. Each of them _ a new English-Chinese dictionary. A. has B, have C. is D. are15.a. A scientist and some of his assistants _ to help to do the work. b. A scientist ,