大学英语四unit six 翻译及课后答案.doc

课文A 情商因素 南希吉布斯 研究表明，科学家能通过观察四岁儿童对一粒果汁软糖的反应看到他们的未来。研究者邀请孩子们一个个地走进一间无装饰的房间，然后便开始这种温柔的折磨。你现在就可以吃这粒果汁软糖，他说。但是如果你在我出去办事的时候等着不吃，就可以在我回来时得到两粒果汁软糖。说完他就走开了。 有些孩子一等他出门就抓起糖来吃。有一些等了几分钟，也坚持不住了。但其他孩子却决心等待。他们蒙住眼睛；他们低下头；他们对着自己唱歌；他们试图玩游戏甚至睡觉。当研究者回来时，他把这些孩子辛辛苦苦挣来的果汁软糖拿给他们。然后，科学便等待着这些孩子长大。 等孩子们读到高中时，一些引人注目的事发生了。对孩子们的家长和老师的调查表明，那些在四岁时就有足够的自制力坚持等到第二粒果汁软糖的孩子，长大后大多成了适应性更强、更惹人喜爱、富于冒险精神、充满自信并可信赖的青少年。那些很早就屈服于诱惑的孩子们则更可能孤独、容易受挫和固执。他们承受不住压力，躲避挑战。当这两组中的一些学生参加学习能力倾向测验时，坚持了较长时间的孩子们平均得分高出了210分。 当我们想到卓越的才华时，我们便看见了爱因斯坦深邃的眼睛，卷曲的头发，一合有着皮肤、穿着不配对的短袜的思维机器。在我们的想象中，事业上取得巨大成功者在出生时就为伟大作好了准备。但随后你就会感到奇怪，为什么过了一段时间后天赋似乎在一些人身上大放异彩，而在另一些人身上则黯然失色。这就是果汁软糖起作用的地方了。推迟满足的能力似乎是一种十分重要的技能，是理智型头脑对于冲动型头脑的胜利。总之，它是感情智力的一种标志。它在智商测试中是显示不出来的。 在本世纪的大多数时间里，科学家们都崇尚大脑的硬件和思想的软件；而心灵那令人捉摸不定的力量则留给了诗人。但认知理论却怎么也无法解释我们最感疑惑的问题：为什么有一些人看上去就有天赋生活得很好；为什么班上最聪明的孩子最终可能并不是最富有的；为什么我们一见到某些人就喜欢而对另外一些人则不信任；为什么面对不幸，一个适应性差一些的人会沉沦，而有些人则能保持乐观。总之，是思想或心灵中的什么品质决定了谁会成功？ “感情智力”这个短语是五年前耶鲁大学心理学家彼得萨洛韦和新罕布什尔大学的约翰迈耶为了描述某些品质一一如理解自己的感情、善解人意和“以提高生活质量的方式调节情绪”而创造的。由于丹尼尔戈尔曼的一本新书感情智力，他们的这一概念(缩写为情商）即将成为全国的热门话题。戈尔曼是哈佛大学的心理学哲学博士，纽约时报的科学记者，他具有一种天赋，能使最为难懂的科学理论为一般读者所理解。他把十年来的行为研究汇总为头脑如何处理感情。他在书的封面上宣称，他的目标是重新定义聪明的含义。他的论点是：在预测人们的成功时，由智商和标准化成就测验测得的智能也许不如以前被认为是“性格”（后来这个词变得过时了）的心理素质重要。 对于任何一位仔细读签饼中纸条的人来说，乍一看这里似乎没有什么新的东西。我们的心情主宰我们的头脑，这也许是最不新颖的观点。“我非常愤怒，”我们说，“我无法有条理地进行思考。”同样，“人际技能”是有用的说法也没有什么惊人之处，这就等于说与人为善是有好处的。“它真实到了琐碎的地步，”约翰斯霍普金斯大学医学院精神病学主任保罗麦克休博士说。但如果它真的那么简单，这本书就不会那样有趣，它的内涵也不会如此有争议了。 这绝不是抽象的调查。戈尔曼正在寻找“让文明重返我们的街道，让关爱再度光临我们的社区生活”的矫正方法。他到处都能看到实际应用的例子，教公司应如何决定雇佣谁，夫妻如何使他们的婚姻更可能持久，父母应如何抚养子女，学校应如何教育学生。如今，街区的流氓团伙代替了家庭，校园内的辱骂常以利器伤人告终，一半以上的婚姻以离婚而告终，这个国家大多数被谋杀的儿童是被父母和继父母杀死的，而许多父母和继父母却说他们是因为孩子挡住了电视或哭得太多这类行为在惩罚他。这一切都表明情感教育需要补课。 正是在这里会产生争议。迈克休说，戈尔曼的十分流行的结论“将使担心他的研究可能如何被应用的任何一位心理疗法的资深学者和任何一位神经系统科学家不寒而栗。”虽然这一较新领域的许多研究者很高兴看到感情问题终于受到了重视，但他们却担心像情商这样一个便于使用的概念会招致误用。戈尔曼承认，能给一个人的性格和智力栎上数值的提法是危险的；戈尔曼甚至在他的书中从未用过情商一词。但他多少还是有些勉强地同意了在今日美国上登一份“不科学的情商测试卷，其中有这样的选择题，“我甚至能意识到我微妙的感情，”和“我能感觉到一个群体或一种关系的意向，并表达难以言表的感情。” “你不想对你的情感技能取个平均数，”哈佛大学心理学教授，儿童发展研究的先驱杰罗姆，卡根说。“这也是把智力看作精神技能这一概念的错误之所在。有些人能很好地对付愤怒却不能对付恐惧。有些人不能承受喜悦。所以应该区别看待每一种情绪。情商不是智商的对立面。一些人有幸两者都拥有很多，一些人则每一样都拥有很少。研究者们一直试图理解的是它们如何互补；比如，一个人对付压力的能力如何影响其集中思想和发挥才智的能力。现在的研究者们大多都同意，在成功的要素中智商约占20%;其余的则取决于多种因素，从所属的阶级到运气到在人类进化的几百万年中已在大脑中形成的神经途径。Its interesting at parties to see how people interact socially.Modern architects are designing buildings for the future which will interact with the user.Scream were heard of men dying in torment.He suffered years of private torment over his wrong decisionHe thought public speaking was a torment to him.Ive no time to go on errands for youAfter the survey I decided not to buy the house.Surveys show that 75% of people approve of that new law.An investigation by airline officials showed that the crash was caused by human error.The army is carrying out an investigation into the explosion.He is a loyal fan of extreme sports and never will shy away from adventures.If our industries shy away from innovation, we will never compete successfully with other countries.Genius is an aptitude for work.He has an aptitude for languages.He ignited the stove fire with pieces of wood.The invasion has ignited the hatred of the people.Some people expect instant gratification.She is an impulsive person; we never know what she will do next.Out of sympathy for the homeless children, she gave them shelter for the night.What he lacks is empathy, the ability to put himself in the other fellows place.She could see our sadness, our empathy with the pain she was suffering.Your paper lacks the logic to prove your thesis.In 1995 a committee for the standardization of Tibetan terminology was set up to standardize the Tibetan language and normalize social terms.1995年，西藏成立了藏语文术语统一标准化委员会，开始藏语文统一标准化和社会用语规范化。Economists did not provide any immediate antidote to inflation.The odds are that it will rain tomorrow.There are heavy odds against people succeeding in such a bad economic climate.If you want to live to a ripe old age, giving up smoking does tend to shorten the odds. He stabbed a knife into the mans chest.Youd better wear glasses to remedy bad eyesight.We shall try our best to remedy the conditions in the slum area.These books will come in handy.这些书将来会有用的。This is a very handy tool for opening cans.这是一种很简便的开罐头工具。A plain room (para.1)Gentle torment (para.1)Run an errand (para.1)The minute hes out the door (para.2)Hold out for the second marshmallow (para.3)Who gave in to temptation early on(para.3)Shy away from challenges (para.3)Be wired for greatness from birth (para.4)Where the marshmallows come in (para.4)Show up on an IQ test (para.4)Like some people virtually on sight (para.5)Remain upbeat in the face of troubles (para.5)Bound into the national conversation (para.6)A decades worth of behavioral research (para.6)When it comes to predicting (para.6)Increase the odds that their marriages will last (para.8)A notion as handy as EQ invites misuse. (para.9)Assign a numerical value to a persons character (para.9)IQ counts for about 20% (para.10)IV.1. survey 2.ignite 3. distrusts 4. thesis 5. standardized6. fortune 7. interact 8. hard-earned 9. frustrated 10. grabbed11. handy 12. numerical 13. approved 14. controversial 15. abstractV.1. in the face of 2. from birth 3. amounted t0 4. one by one5. held out for 6. give in to 7. early on 8. shy away from9. substituted for 10. in short 11. showed up 12. ended inVIII.1. When it comes to business2. When it came to a choice between shame and death3. When it came to things he did not know how to deal with4. When it comes to being on time5. When it comes to politics6. when it comes to fightingIX.1. While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.2. Perhaps the crossword puzzle will amuse her while she is waiting.3. She asked me to hold the baby for just a minute while she was buying her railway ticket.4. While I am willing to go, I would like it better if you went.5. While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.6. Who attends to the everyday running of the business while you are away?7. While he cant cook, he sews very well.8. While he was turning the key in the lock, someone opened a door on the other side of the corridor.XII.1. He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor did he give in to any difficulty.2. Tom had been holding out for a promotion. When the opportunity showed up, he grabbed it at once.3. He distrusts all standardized tests and believes that there should be something better to substitute for them.4. My thesis is that we should carry ou