英译汉练习答案.doc

英译汉练习答案1.Scientists have developed glass fibres as thin as human hair which are designed to carry light signals. When the light reaches the other end, it is first changed into electrical signals, which are in turn converted into sound messages.参考译文：科学家制造出像人头发一样粗细的玻璃纤维以用来传输光信号。当光达到另一端时，它先转变成电信号，电信号再转化成声音。2.This plan was expected to eliminate the long lines at many service stations. Those who tried to purchase more than twenty gallons of gas or tried to fill a more than half filled tank would be fined and possibly imprisoned.参考译文：这一计划希望消除许多加油站前的长队。那些企图购买20加仑以上的汽油，或企图在油箱里的汽油还剩一半以上而再想加油的人将被处以罚款或监禁。3.Officials at the school were concerned about the low attendance during the winter months. They felt that people didnt attend then because the school did not have a good winter sports program.参考译文：学校的主管人员对冬季几个月里上学人数减少感到忧虑。他们认为学生此时不上学是因为学校里没有吸引人的冬季运动项目。4.To learn a foreign language is to learn another culture. In the words of a poet and philosopher, “As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives.”参考译文：学习一种外语就是学习另一种文化。一位诗人兼哲学家曾经说过：“一个人能说多少种语言，他就能体验多少种生活。”5.Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding, or, as the English maxim has it, seeing eye-eye.参考译文：目光的接触在英语里是极为重要的。直接的目光接触可达到相互理解，或是像英语里一句格言所说的“心灵相通”英译汉练习1. Scientists have developed glass fibres as thin as human hair which are designed to carry light signals. When the light reaches the other end, it is first changed into electrical signals, which are in turn converted into sound messages.2. This plan was expected to eliminate the long lines at many service stations. Those who tried to purchase more than twenty gallons of gas or tried to fill a more than half filled tank would be fined and possibly imprisoned.3. Officials at the school were concerned about the low attendance during the winter months. They felt that people didnt attend then because the school did not have a good winter sports program.4. To learn a foreign language is to learn another culture. In the words of a poet and philosopher, “As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives.”5. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding, or, as the English maxim has it, seeing eye-eye.作文练习（2）范文Protection of EnvironmentToday the problem of environment has become more and more important. The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.Man has made great progress in environment protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop the environment pollution.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problem. People should be further educated to realize the importance of the problem, to use modern methods of birth control and learn to recycle our natural resources. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaner planet in the future.作文练习（1）范文The DictionaryThe dictionary is a living teacher. Whenever you come across a new word, just consult it and you will get a clear definition. Every student, whether attending school or self-taught, should always have a dictionary at hand. As a study aid, it is convenient, inexpensive and all-knowing.Skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries. The more you use them, the more familiar you will become with them. Sooner or later, you will be quite skilled in finding the page, scanning the entries and locating the exact meaning of the new words.But you should have one thing in mind. As a language student, you should never depend too much on dictionaries. Basic language skills do not come from dictionaries, but from your practice. Learn the language by listening, speaking, reading and writing more, and that is the only way to the mastery of a language.作文练习（2）题目：Protection of Environment要求：请按照下面段首句完成文章写作：1.Today the problem of environment has become more and more important._2.Man has made great progress in environment protection._3. Still more measures should be taken to solve the problem._作文练习（1）题目：The Dictionary提纲：1.词典是学习外语的好助手2.在使用中学会熟练应用词典 3.不过学习外语不能过分依靠词典要求：1.按照提纲要求完成100字左右的作文名词性从句练习的答案Answers:1.C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. A 10.C 有关名词性从句的练习关练习：1.They lost their way in the forest, and _makes matters worse was that night began to fall.A. that B. it C. what D. which 2.Much of _he made great efforts to do has been successful.A. what B. which C. that D. when3.I cannot give you the information you asked for, for the simple reason _I dont know it myself.A. because B. that C. why D. which 4._doesnt mean that he is greedy.A. For the reason that a man is rich B. The reason that a man is richC. Just because a man is rich D. That a man is rich5.All _is a continuous supply of fuel oil.A.what is needed B. the thing needed C. that is needed D. for their needs6.He said _was not within his power to answer the question.A. that B. this C. such D. it 7.In the newspaper, we can learn _is going on in the world.A. that B. which C. who D. what 8.He doesnt seem at all sorry for _he has done.A. that B. what C. which D. how9.The fact _shows that he was never really serious about coming.A. that he didnt appear B. which he didnt appearC. he didnt appear D. for him not to appear10.Its no business of yours _I spent my summer.A. there B. in which C. where D. any place名词性从句名词性从句包括本课特别出现的表语从句和主语从句，此外还有我们最早学习并最常见的宾语从句，另外同位语从句也是一个知识点。请同学们认真理解以下内容，我们会在后面的练习中进行讨论。课文中的表语从句有Thats what war is really like.战争就是这个样子。引起表语从句可以用that(有时可以省略), what, how, where, why, who, 例如：The fact is that they are angry with each other. 事实是他们在生彼此的气。That is where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。课文中使用了一种主语从句：All that I hated was the war all that 相当于 what 我所恨的是战争主语从句分三个类型：1that 引导的主语从句That you are coming to see me is the best news I have heard this long time. 你要来看我是好久以来我听到的最好的消息。2由连接代词（副词）或whether引起的主语从句How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是个问题。3由关系代词what, whatever, whoever, whichever引起的主语从句What she said was perfectly true. 她讲得都是事实。然而真正放在句首的这类从句比较少，因为主语太长会显得句子头重脚轻，所以绝大多数包含主句从句的句子都借助先行词it作为形式上的主语，而把主语从句放到句子后部去。这种先行主语后有四类常见结构，例如：1It +be+形容词+从句It is strange that it hasnt been noticed before. 很奇怪，以前没人注意到这一点。2It +be+名词+从句It is a mystery how life began. 生命如何开始是个谜。3It +动词（+宾语或状语）+从句It makes little difference whether we go or stay. 我们去还是留没有多大区别。4It +动词的被动语态+从句It is said that there has been an earthquake in Japan. 据说日本发生了一次地震。有很多名词后可以跟that引起的从句，说明其内容，称作同位语从句，例如：They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。There was little hope that they would survive. 他们幸存的希望很小。Have you any proof that he is a thief? 你有没有证据证明他是小偷？注意同位语从句与定语从句的区别，比较下面两个句子：I have come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。He has drawn the conclusion that is the most reasonable among ours. 他得出的结论是我们当中最合乎情理的。请同学们讨论一下，哪一句中使用的是同位语从句，哪一句使用的是定语从句，并说明你的思路。有计划有目标地进行复习有计划有目标地进行复习本学期的学习很快就要结束，可能已经有很多同学开始了对考试的准备工作。许多同学向老师诉苦说工作繁忙，学习时间紧张，此外，尽管用功苦学，仍没有很好的效果。针对此种情况，老师有以下建议供参考：1认真做模拟试题。这一点反复提到，大家也许会觉得自己已经做过了，不必再提。但是我们要求的不是只会做模拟题中的题，而是通过模拟题举一反三，做到在任何时候任何地方再出现相同知识点的考题，你都能应付。2说到知识点，同学们问到过什么是知识点，怎样去找。那么我们就说一说知识点。举个例子：That building is said ( )in the earthquake in 1976.A)be destroyed B)to be destroyed C)to have been destroyed D)to have destroyed本题中首先在谓语中使用了被动语态，但is said我们通常不翻译成“被说”，而是“据说”，其后，是不定式的用法，在这里不定式的句子成分是主语的补语，而不定式本身又使用了过去表达式to have done和被动式，因为building是被破坏，时间是过去in 1976，综合以上条件，答案是C。至此，同学们大概已经知道一道题中的知识点是什么了，在这里就是：被动语态，补语的用法，不定式及其过去表达式和被动式，此外你当然要明确destroy的基本含义和用法，起码了解它是及物动词，可以有被动式。然后，你该问一问自己，这几部分的语法都懂了吗，理解到了哪一个层次，如果感觉有点一知半解，立即去查阅资料，解决这一部分的问题，当然，如果查资料有困难，你可以通过BBS向老师求助，例如你可以说：请讲解有关不定式做补语的情况怎样识别和理解。老师会不遗余力地向你提供最有效的资料和思路，帮助你养成科学的思考和学习习惯，当然你的积极思考是先决条件。3背单词。许多同学反映背了很多单词，但考试还是不及格。问题出在背的方法和深度上。老师曾经提醒过大家，英语单词与汉语的字词之间不是一对一的关系，想要领会一个单词的含义，必须了解它的用法。关于这一点，老师建议大家学会用字典。对于有一定自学能力的成年人来说，字典是最好的老师。一本好一点的双解字典可以告诉你词的词性，相应的词义，用法的例句，固定搭配构成的短语或句型及其相应用法和例句等，而这也是你在背单词时必须了解的。之所以用双解字典，是因为英语的解释更能准确指示单词的意义。理解并会使用，这样才能算是掌握了，这样背会的单词不论出现在何处你都能应付。另外还要注意构词法在单词中的作用，要多多总结规律，做到事半功倍。此外，一些同学提出自己的基础较差，该如何补。老师建议：不要低估了自己的理解力，基础语法是很容易理解的，初高中生不是就在学吗？你不妨也拿起他们的教科书自学，对过去的知识查缺补漏，以你的理解力，会比中学生学得更好，更有深度，结合你现在对大英（三）的学习，会让你对语法和词汇的理解更深入。功夫是要下的，但动脑筋总结规律，用心去发现适合自己的方法是非常必要的，要对自己的头脑有信心。总之，苦功是要下的，希望大家安排好时间，有所收获。从同学们所提的问题当中，老师发现as的用法仍然有好多同学一知半解，以下是老师总结的关于as 作为连词和关系代词引导从句的几种情况，同学们要仔细看，并尽量自己做出相关的练习。1引导时间状语从句He stood up suddenly as she entered. 她进来时他一下子站了起来。As I slept last night I dreamed a dream. 我昨晚睡觉时做了一个梦。2引导原因状语从句As all the seats are full I have to stand aside.由于所有座位都有人，我只好在旁边站着。As you are sorry, I will forgive you.既然你知道错了，我就原谅你。as 与because不同之处是as的语气比较轻，常译成由于，或既然。3引导方式状语从句She has changed it as you suggest.她按照你的建议作了改变。I didnt feel as you did.我没有你那种感觉。As you know, Im not good at singing.正如你所知道的，我不擅长唱歌。当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略部分从句，例如：He didnt visit me as (he had) promised.他没有按他的诺言来看望我。4引导比较状语从句Things are going on as smoothly as we could expect.事情进行得就像我们期望的那样顺利。He was as sensitive as he was obstinate.他既敏感又固执。同样，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略部分从句，例如：He was as much interested in music as (he had)ever(been).他还是像过去那样对音乐感兴趣。She is as clever as (she is)beautiful.她又聪明又漂亮。5. 在让步状语从句中在让步状语从句as用在倒装结构中，倒装之后置于句首的可以是从句的表语，状语或谓语，例如： Much as he admired her looks and her manners, he had no wish to marry her.虽然他很欣赏她的外表和仪态，却无心跟她结婚。本句如用正常语序为：Although he admired her looks and manners very much, he had no wish to marry her. “much”是程度副词，作谓语动词的状语。Stupid as it sounds, I was so in love with her that I believed her.尽管听起来很愚蠢，我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。正常语序为 Although it sounds stupid, I was so。stupid 是形容词，做表语。Try as he might, he couldnt lift the stone.不管他使多大劲，这块石头他也搬不起来。try 是谓语动词，Although he might try, 6.作关系代词在定语从句中，同样，as的前面是先行词，as引导的定语从句修饰该先行词。与such连用Such women as knew Tom thought he was charming.那些认识汤姆的女人都认为他很迷人。He is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像他看起来那么傻。I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲的这种故事。有时可和such连在一起There was a look of fear in her eyes, such as people have when they are suddenly awakened.她眼睛里有一种人们突然被唤醒时产生的恐惧表情。和same连用You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的尊重。I knew you felt just the same as I did.我知道你的感受和我一样。引导非限制性定语从句He is absent, as is often the case.他缺席了，他经常这样。She was heartbroken, as could be judged from her eyes.她的心都碎了，这从她的眼睛里可以看出。Michael, as might be expected, was coming to join us.麦克会来加入我们，这是可以预料到的。关于as用法做几道题Translation1.当她起身离开时，电话铃响了。2.他那么伤心，你就别告诉她真相了。3.我按照交通警的指示把车停在路边。4.我没有你想得那么笨。5.你一直在努力，这从你的成绩中可以看出来。6.她的发现和我的一样。English translation1.The telephone rang as she rose to leave.2.As he is so sad, dont tell him the truth.3.I parked my car by the side of the street as the traffic policeman signed.4.I am not so stupid as you expect.5.You are keeping trying, as can be seen from your academic record.6.She found just the same as I did.关于宾补结构在第二单元中出现了find后面加宾补的结构，课件中也举出例子说明，例如：I found them in a difficult situation. 我发现他们身处困境。After investigation ,they found him guilty. 经过调查，他们发现他有罪。Mary found her classmates talking about her. 玛丽发现同学们在议论她。I found her hurt by what I had said. 我发现我说的话伤她。其实在英语中就有这样一种句型-主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语而宾语补语可以由形容词，名词，介词短语，副词，不定式，现在分词或过去分词来充当。What made you so angry? （形容词） 什么使你这样生气？Keep the door open. （形容词）把门开着。Do you think it necessary? （形容词）你认为这有必要吗？I felt myself very stupid. （形容词） 我觉得自己很傻。Ill first get the supper ready. （形容词）我先去把晚饭准备好。They elected him President. （名词）他们选他当总统。They made her their leader. （名词）他们让她当了他们的领导人。We must keep this matter a secret. （名词）这事我们必须保密。A cold kept him in bed for three days. （介词短语）一次感冒让他卧床三天。We found her in tears. （介词短语）我们发现她在哭泣。They soon got the fire under control. （介词短语）他们很快把火势控制住。Will you have him in? （副词） 你能否让他进来？Why did you leave the light on? （副词）你为什么让灯开着？We wish the long journey over. （副词） 我们希望这漫长的旅途已经结束。She told me not to wait. （不定式）她让我别等。I dont want that sort of thing to happen again. （不定式）我不希望再发生这样的事。He asked me to get in touch with her. （不定式） 他要我和她联系。They didnt allow the workers to organize. （不定式）他们不允许工人们组织起来。She taught me how to read. （带有连接副词的不定式）她教我认字。They will advise you what to do. （带有连接代词的不定式）他们将给你出主意怎么办。What made you think so? （省to不定式）是什么使你这样想的？Let me show you how to do it. （省to不定式）我来告诉你怎样做。I am delighted to hear you say that. （省to不定式）听你这样讲我很高兴。We could hear her singing as she ran upstairs. （现在分词）我们可以听到她跑上楼时唱着歌。I will have you all speaking English well within a year. （现在分词）我要让你们一年之内都将好英文。I dont remember you saying anything like that. （现在分词）我不记得你曾说过这样的话。I have just had some new photos taken. （过去分词）我刚刚（请人）照了几张相。We dont want anything said about this. （过去分词）我们不愿人提到这事。You should make your views known. （过去分词）你应该让人知道你的观点。以为这些动词都是及物动词，所以这种结构可以有被动式，例如：（由于宾语放在了主语的位置上，宾补也叫做主补）My room was painted pink. 我的房间被漆成了粉色。He was taken prisoner by the enemy. 他被敌人俘虏了。The things should be kept in good order. 这些东西要保持整齐。He was warned not to go there. 有人警告他不要去那里。Over ten people were found living in one room. 发现十几个人住在一间屋子里。此外，这种结构有时因为宾语过长，所以使用了形式宾语it，而真正宾语就放在补语的后面。例如： I have to make it clear that my family is poor. 我得说清楚我家里很穷。She found it hard to answer the question. 她发现回答这问题很难。We thought it our duty to help him. 我们认为帮助他们是我们的责任。I felt it a terrible thing that Mary married a man she had never loved. 我感到玛丽嫁给一个她不爱的人太可怕了。英语写作方法与技巧写作在英语学习中是培养和提高语言能力的有效手段，它有助于巩固和掌握所学词汇、语法等语言知识，有助于训练直接用所学语言进行思维，有利于提高驾驭语言的能力。那么该如何写好英语作文呢？写作步骤要写好一篇英语作文，掌握一定的写作技巧，应把握以下几个步骤：1认真审题立意，定文章之灵魂，对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件：准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。2草拟提纲，打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”为例，提纲可以这样写：1）Who is the English teacher I admire most，2）My reasons，3）What can I learn from the teacher3写出段落主题句，理文章之脉络。一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头，可使文章结构更清晰，有说服力。4参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣，为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。还是以“The English teacher I admire most”为例，主题段中就能用到举例法、说明法、因果法等。进行这一步骤还需注意三方面问题：1）确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题，不跑题。2）要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。3）用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间，段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。增加文采小窍门如果说第一、二步是对文章的构思，第三、四步骤则是真正地“写”了，用词是否贴切，文法是否正确，句式是否多变，文采是否有生气，关系到写作者的语言功底和水平，但也有些窍门，以下这几点可以供你参考。1在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式，要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。2使用不同长度的句子，通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。3改变句子的开头方式，不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词短语等。4学会使用过渡词。如：1）递进：further more, moreover, besides, in addition, then，etc.2）转折：however, but, nevertheless, after all，etc.3）总结：finally, at last, in brief, to conclude4）强调：really, indeed, certainly, surely, above all，etc.5）对比：in the same way, just as, on the other hand, etc.5避免重复使用同一单词或词组。6注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语来代替一些词表达意思，以增加文采。把好检查最后一关1是否切题分三点看：一是整篇文章内容是否切合文章标题要求；二是段落主题句的内容是否与各段落提示句内容相一致；三是段落内部的内容是否与段落主题句的表达相一致。如果发现任何一个层面不切题，应该尽可能弥补，删除那些多余的或不切题的地方，但切忌动“大手术”。 2是否连贯。检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅，检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适。 3是否有语法错误。主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯。还是以“The English Teacher I admire most”为例，根据此标题，文章肯定用第一人称“I”写，一般性的描述用现在时，举过去的事例用过去时。 4是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误，注意卷面整洁。要提高写作水平，最根本是要大量实践，必须多读多写，注意博览和精读相结合，甚至可以适当背诵一些名句名篇。另外，还可选些范文，悉心领悟，非谓语动词一贯是考试中的必考项目，在几乎所有的句子中都有体现，但是许多同学对此仍旧模糊不清，所以在做题和理解句子的时候会发生错误。想要从基础补起还要请同学们系统地进行了解，目前我们的基础频道中可以查询到详细的内容，大家可以利用这个资源先打个基础，然后看下面的内容，相信会有所提高。非谓语动词的三种形式分别为不定式、动名词和分词，我们分别来看：1不定式首先从形式上注意以下几种情况：省to不定式：He saw them go out. 他看见他们出去的。What made you think like that? 是什么使你这样想的？但这类句子用于被动结构时要加to：The man was seen to enter the building. 有人看见那男子走进大楼。They were made to work long hours in the mine. 他们被迫在矿里长时间工作。不定式与一个疑问代词或副词一道构成复合结构：I advised her where to stay. 我帮她出主意在哪住。He will teach me how to run the farm. 他将教我怎样管理农场。不定式的被动式：She refused to be photographed. 她不让人给她拍照。不定式的完成式：When do you expect to have finished? 你预期什么时候以前能完成？She pretended not to have seen him. 她假装没看见他。不定式的进行式：I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你在一起。He seemed to be sleeping. 他似乎在睡觉。有时不定式前有一个for引起的短语，表示它逻辑上的主语：Im quite willing for you to join us. 我很原意你参加我们的活动。The film was good enough for me to watch five times. 这电影好到我愿意看五遍。2.动名词有动词的特点，也有名词的特点。有时可用先行词it作主语，而把动名词主语放到后面去：It is hopeless arguing about it. 为此争论毫无用处。It was pleasant and comfortable sitting here. 坐在这里很愉快很舒服。It is no good complaining. 抱怨没有用。It is no use worrying about it. 发愁没有用。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。有时可用被动式：I felt funny being called Grandmother. 被称作奶奶感觉怪怪的。What is it like being married? 结婚了是什么味道？有时前面还可加代词（或代词宾格）或名词所有格表示动名词逻辑上的主语：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞。It is no good his apologizing now the damage has been done. 既然损坏已经造成，他道歉也没用。Please excuse him not writing to you. 请原谅他没给你写信。一些动词用动名词作宾语（固定搭配），例如suggest, fancy, finish, avoid, admit, risk, practise, mind等：I suggest doing it a different way. 我建议以另一种方式做这事。They risked losing everything. 他们冒着失去一切的危险。动名词可用完成式：She regrets having said it. 她后悔说了这话。She admitted having read the letter. 她承认看过这封信。有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但意思有时