初三英语复习教案之名词.doc

专题讲解名词 一、名词：表示人或事物的名称。 专有名词：个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称 China, Beijing, the Yellow River, Saturday, etc. 单数：boy名词 可数名词: student , job ，book , etc 普通名词 复数：boys 不可数名词: water, coffee, air，chicken，rice etc.1. 名词单数 可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an ?以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an. 以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用a。2. 名词复数：可数名词的复数，表示两个或更多的人或物。 一般名词的复数形式：规则变化一般名词的复数形式以加-s或-es的方式构成:情况加法例词一般情况加-sbrothers, sisters, schools ，books 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词加-esbuses, foxes, watches, dishes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-esladyladies ， countrycountries(boys toys ways)以o结尾的名词多数加-spianos, photos, zoos少数以o结尾的名词加-esheroes, negroes ，tomatoes, potatoes以f或fe结尾的名词多数变f或fe为v,再加-esleaf leaves ， wife wives knife knives， wolf wolves例如：desk monkey box wife不规则的复数形式（常见）：man tooth foot womanChild goose mouse sheep 二、单复数词形相同的词：sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese etc. 表示某国人的名词：中国人、日本人，复数不需加-s （Chinese, Japanese） 英国人、法国人，要把man变成men （Englishmen, Frenchmen）速记口诀：男人、女人变一个；鹅、脚、牙齿变两个；小孩后面加三个；中、日、绵羊、 小鹿永不变。 名词所有格：用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。（1） 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是s，如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加s，如：a students room, students rooms, Childrens Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家名词的所有格要用s，如：a twenty minutes walk.两个或多个人共有，只在最后一个人的名词后加s ；若为各自所有则在各个名词后加s Tom and Jims room，Toms and Jims rooms （2） 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构 the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers二、可以修饰可数名词的词或短语 One/two/three等数词；a lot of, lots of, some, many, a few, a number of+复数名词。注意事项（1） people 表示“人，人们”时，是个复数名词，不能在其后加-s，谓语动词用复数形式family , class 是集合名词，表示家庭/班级等集体时指单数，谓语动词的形式用单数；当表示家庭/班级的成员时指复数，谓语动词用复数形式。News, maths(math),glass是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。（2） 以复数形式出现的名词。如：glasses,pants,shoes等，他们的量词通常为：a pair of glasses, two pairs of pants, three pairs of shoes等。（3） 名词做形容词时，一般不用复数形式，如：一位十岁的女孩(a ten-year-old girl),一家鞋铺（a shoe shop）;如果要表示复数，则把名词词组中的最后一个名词变成复数形式，如：三棵苹果树（three apple trees）,这些男学生（these boy students）.例外：当man/woman做定语的时候与他们所修饰的名词的数相一样，如：两个男老师（two men teachers）三个女医生（three women doctors）三、不可数名词不可数名词指物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词等，通常没有复数形式。其前面不用冠词a/an或数词直接修饰，但可用much, some, any, a lot of, a little, little, little, much 等词修饰，还可用冠词/数词+量词/容器+of短语来修饰，如：a piece of bread, two pieces of bread; a glass of water, two glasses of water等。常用的不可数名词有money food meat fish chicken pork beef drink orange milk tea coke 四、名称的转化water rice bread homework news paper rain snow wind cloud weather air math Chinese 某些名词后面+y构成形容词表示“充满.的”Cloud-cloudy某些名词后面+ful构成形容词表示“充满.的”;具有.的性质Use-usefull某些名词后面+less构成形容词,表示“没有.的”Care-careless某些名词后面+y构成形容词常具有赞美的意味。Use-useless,写出下列词的正确形式复数形式face( ) zoo( ) photo( ) hero( ) potato( ) tomamo( ) belief() box( ) roof( ) brush( ) city( ) key( ) factory( ) leaf( ) thief( )wolf( ) rose( ) woman( ) mouse( ) goose( ) sheep( ) child( )1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _ 3. Sunday _ 4. city _ 5. dress _ 6. Englishman _ 7. match _ 8. Chinese _9. zoo _ 10. exam_ 11. German _翻译两头鹿 三个中国人 四片面包一双鞋 Jim和Jane的书（两张表达方法）五个六岁的学生 这个孩子的一个玩具2014年全国部分省市中考英语试题汇编：单项选择名词【2014黄冈】What _ bowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large?A large bowl of beef noodles, please.A. color B. price C. size D. kind【2014连云港】Nobody knows which learn will win the2014 World Cup in Brazil.Yes. That is the of the beautiful game.A. question B. luck C. hope D. magic【2014长沙】Is the schoolbag under the desk yours? No, its my _. He left it there just now. A. brother B. brothers C. brothers【2014河北】I want a sweet milk. Put some _ in my cup, please.A. ice B. soupC. salt D. sugar【2014达州】After P.E., I often feel very thirsty. Why not buy some _ to drink?A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas【2014扬州】What a good _ _ youve given me! Thanks a lot. My pleasure. A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice【2014鄂州】Its convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built greenrailway. Yes. Its said that _ is en ough. A. fifteen minutes drive B. fifteen-minutes drive C. fifteen minutes drive D. fifteen minutes drive【2014鄂州】Do you come to South Korea for the _ of seeing your family or doingbusiness?I come here on business.A. interest B. benefit C. purpose D. thought【2014黔西南州】_ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are_ teachers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman【2014黔西南州】Could you please get me some _? Im hungry. A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg【2014河南】You may go to Milan for a free trip. Its a very kind _, but I really cant accept it. A. excuse B. offer C. promise D. decision【2014安徽】More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan. Thats true. It has become the _ of Anhui.A. prideB. effortC. praiseD. courage【2014重庆市B】Whats your favorite _, Bob? Cats. Theyre so lovely. A. plant B. job C. sport D. animal【2014杭州】I am tried. This is not the right _ to ask me to go for a walk. A. moment B. chance C. place D. season【2014宜宾】In this test, were asked to write a passage of about _. A. 80-words B. 80-word C. 80 words D. 80 words【2014呼和浩特】How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？It is a _ flight from Tianjin to Changsha. A. 2-hour-long B. 2-hours-long C. 2 hours long D. 2 hour long【2014呼和浩特】When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _. A. notice B. message C. sentenceD. information【2014东营】When is Day?Its on June 1st, Dave. A. Child B. Children C. Childs D. Childrens【2014东营】What _will global warming(全球变暖) bring us? Scientists have given us aclear list. A. news B. dangers C. courses D. advantages【2014苏州】The park is far away from here indeed its about _ walk A. Three hour B. a three hours C. a three-hours D. a three-hour【2014天津】If you wor k harder, youll have another_ to play the violin at a concert. A. sleep B. chance C. mistake D. problem【2014广州】Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and _. A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little ricesD. a rice【2014陕西】Oh, a nice photo! Is this your uncles child? Yes, its my . A. cousin B. sister C. brother D. daughter【2014甘肃白银】The boy didnt sleep well last night because of the _ from the factory. A. voice B. noise C. music D. song【2014宁波】Mum, I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change.Well, I think there is no _. Its almost the same as an iPhone 4s.A. reason B. need C. answer D. way【2014甘肃白银】Mr. Black is a teacher of _. She and her classmates like him very much. A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my sisters【2014湖州】Look at the clouds, so beautiful! Wow, so many different _, horses, sheep, flowers A. sizes B. shapes C. colors D. styles【2014温州】There are some _ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, no food or drink is allowed inside. A. jobs B. records C. rules D. paintings【2014嘉兴】It is an English _ to have afternoon tea. A. menu B. drink C. festival D. tradition【2014重庆C】Lily, could you please pass me the _? I want to cut the apple. Sure, here you are. A. pen B. pencil C. book D. knife【2014 丽水】Betty, pass me the _. Ill cut the cake. OK, Mom. Here you are. A. sugar B. scarf C. knife D. note【2014绍兴】Our school uniforms are out of _. We think young people look smart. A. luck B. sight C. reach D. fashion【2014台州】The picnic is only in three days. Have you made any _?Not yet. So lets discuss what to prepare. A. wishes B. plans C. mistakes D. friends【2014泰安】I hear you have to get up early every morning. Right. Its one of the _ of my family. A. plans B. jobs C. programs D. rules【2014德州】Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phones as a present, but I dontknow how to use it.Why not read the _ first before usi ng it? A. expressions B. applications C. advertisements D. instructions【2014菏泽】My teacher gave me much _on how to study English well when I had sometrouble. A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem【2014聊城】Excuse me, is the museum far from here? No, its about _. A. 5 minutes walk B. 5 minute walk C. 5 minutes walk D. 5 minutes walk【2014重庆市A】Lily, could you please pass me the _? I want to cut the apple. Sure, here you are. A. pen B. pencil C. book D. knife 2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（名词）1.The New York Times is a popular daily _. （2015德州） A.dictionary B.magazine C.newspaper D.guidebook2.There are lots of _ that students have to follow in school. （2015江西） A. Exercises B. Problems C. Skills D. rules3.In 1998, Liu Xiangs _ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Jiangping. （2015天津） A. Ability B. Trade C. Electricity D. memory4.How can I get some _ about the 2016 Olympic Games?Why not search the Internet? （2015安徽） A.information B.experience C.practice D.success5.The Chinese saying “A tree cant make a forest” tell us that _ is very important in a football match.（2015泰安） A.ability B.decision C.teamwork D.experience6._ are planning to go on vacation.（2015克拉玛依） A. BlacksB. A BlacksC. The BlacksD. The Blacks7.Would you like some _ for dinner?OK. （2015娄底） A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoes8.It is said that a college student had a _ to Tibet with 500 yuan for a month. How surprising! Once you have an idea to go somewhere, do it! （2015三亚） A. Match B. Travel C. change9.None of them talked. They finished their meal in _. （2015苏州） A. Silence B. Order C. Place D. public10.Annie has a _, and she is going to see her dentist today. （2015温州） A. Cold B. Fever C. Cough D. Toothache11.He has