被动语态讲解

被动语态专项讲练 Thepassivevoice被动语态被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 谓语的形式是主动语态 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时 谓语要用被动语态 被动语态由be 过去分词构成 时态通过be表现出来 各种句型的被动形式 肯定句主语 be 过去分词 by 否定句主语 benot 过去分词 by 一般疑问句Be 主语 过去分词 by 特殊疑问句疑问词 be 主语 过去分词 by 注意 这里be的形式决定了被动语态的时态 其后的过去分词没有变化 重点内容 主动句与被动句之间的转换Weboughtsomebooks 主语 谓语动词过去式的主动语态 宾语Somebookswerebought byus 主语 谓语动词过去式的被动语态 介词 宾语 将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句 ZhengJieinventedthisspecialpen 变被动句 2 ThebikewasfixedupbyJimmy 变主动句 3 Peopleusesunglassestoprotecttheireyes 4 Teachersallowstudentstoputuphandsinclass ThisspecialpenwasinventedZhengJie Jimmyfixedupthebike Sunglassesareused bypeople toprotecteyes Studentsareallowed byteachers toputuphandsinclass 1 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory 主语 及物动词 宾语 Shoesaremade bythem inthatfactory 一般现在时 变为被动语态 S 主语 am is are 过去分词 TheyplayfootballonSunday Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening Theyoftenusecomputersinclass WemakethesemachinesinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般过去时 S was were 过去分词 Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow Theyusedthisroomforresting Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem 3 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般将来时 S will be 过去分词 Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon 4 AmycantakegoodcareofGina GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy 情态动词 S can may must should be 过去分词 1 Hecantakecareofthebaby 2 Lucymaydrawthepictures 3 Youmustturnoffthelights 4 TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem Exercises 1 ManypeoplespeakEnglish 2 Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings 3 Wecanusetheboxasatable 4 Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday 5 Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow Englishisspokenbymanypeople Knivesareusedbypeopleforcuttingthings Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 现在进行时 S am is are being 过去分词 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 现在完成时 S have has been 过去分词 1 Lucyiswateringthetrees ThetreesarebeingwateredbyLucy 2 Wehavefinishedourcompositions Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus 各种时态的被动语态构成 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 情态动词 现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时 S am is are done S can may must should be done S will be done S was were being done S have has been done S was were done 各种时态的被动语态构成 S am is are being 过去分词 S had been done 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 宾主换 谓被动 1 主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构 3 主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语 由by引出 当不强调动作的执行者时 常省略 英语有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Catseatfish 主动语态 猫吃鱼 Fishiseatenbycats 被动语态 鱼被猫吃 被动语态的构成由 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词 构成助动词be有人称 数和时态的变化 其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样 知识点 各种句型的被动形式 肯定句主语 be 过去分词 by 否定句主语 benot 过去分词 by 一般疑问句Be 主语 过去分词 by 特殊疑问句疑问词 be 主语 过去分词 by 注意 这里be的形式决定了被动语态的时态 其后的过去分词没有变化 重点内容 各种时态的被动语态构成 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 情态动词 现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时 S am is are done S can may must should be done S will be done S was were being done S have has been done S was were done 各种时态的被动语态构成 S am is are being 过去分词 S had been done Exercises 1 ManypeoplespeakEnglish 2 Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings 3 Wecanusetheboxasatable 4 Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday 5 Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow Englishisspokenbymanypeople Knivesareusedbypeopleforcuttingthings Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow 被动语态的句式 肯定句 主语 情态动词 be 动词的过去分词否定句 主语 情态动词 not be 动词的过去分词一般疑问句 情态动词 主语 be 动词的过去分词 Yes 主语 情 No 主语 情 not 肯定句 Yourhomeworkshouldbefinishedbyyourself Itcanbeusedforwriting 否定句 Bookscan tbetakenoutofthereadingroom Teenagersshouldnotbeallowedtogooutatnight 疑问句 Shouldyoungtreesbewateredeveryday Wherecanthebookbebought 反意疑问句 Sixteen year oldsshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes shouldn tthey 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1 主动语态不带to的变为被动语态 须加上 to hear listentomake let have watch see lookat notice feel help 等 例 makesbdosth sb be madetodosthseesbdosth sb be seentodosthAgirlsawTomfalloffthetree Tomwasseentofalloffthetreebyagirl Thebossmadetheworkersworkhard Theworkersweremadetoworkhard 2 双宾语 改被动语态 直接宾语 物 作主语 那么动词后要用介词 这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定 pass bring buy show send give cook等 把指 人 的间接宾语变主语 物 不变 Hegavemeabook 变直接宾语加to 变间接宾语不加Iwasgivenabook byhim Abookwasgiventome byhim Heshowedmeaticket Iwasshownaticket byhim Aticketwasshowntome byhim Myfatherboughtmeanewbike Iwasboughtanewbike bymyfather Anewbikewasboughtforme bymyfather 间接宾语 直接宾语 5 什么时候不加by注意 1 不知道谁是执行者eg Hisnewcarwasstolen 2 情调动作的承受着而不是执行者eg Thecarwasparkedinfrontofthisshop 3 礼貌及委婉语气eg AlltheworkmustbefinishedbeforeMay 主动 表 被动 常见的三种情况 1 表示某物自身内在特点 主动表示被动 常见 Thispenwriteswell Theshirtwasheswell Thisnewbooksellswell Thedoorwon twork Theshopopens closesat8 00am 注意区别 Theshirtisbeingwashednow 汉译 2 有些词如want need require和beworth后面 V ing形式为主动 意义为被动 如 Theroomneeds wants requirescleaning Theroomneeds wants requiredtobecleand Thebookisworthreading 3 句型 主语 be 形容词 todo 主语 是 不定式 的 逻辑宾语 通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 这类形容词有 easy difficult heavy hard nice dangerous light interesting important expensive fit comfortable impossible等 Thepictureispleasanttolookat Thechairiscomfortabletositon Theworkisimpossibletofinish 注意 当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时 要根据需要补充相应的介词 Thepeniscomfortabletowritewith 无被动语态的动词 不及物动词无被动happen belongto suit fit 适合 have let join fall last 延长 cost breakout 爆发 appear burstout 迸发 hold 容纳 lack 缺乏 agreewithThisroomcanhold500people TaiwanbelongstoChina TheT shirtfitsmeverywell anditonlycost20yuan SARSbrokeoutinChinathatyear Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthelasttenyearsinchina get havesth done含被动 找人做某事 十六岁的孩子不应该打耳洞 Sixteen year oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierced Ishouldgetmyshoesrepaired Heshouldhavehishaircut Let sgettheworkdone 口诀1 宾提前变主 主变介by宾 被动be加done 时态看主动 口诀2 如遇双宾语 最好变间宾 如若变直宾语后加to for pass lend buy write bring show tell 口诀3 有些动词真奇怪 主动句中to离开 被动句中to回来 两听 两感觉 三做 四看Hemademedothework Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim 口诀4 含动词词组的被动语态 须将其看作一个整体 不可把它们分隔开来 Theytakegoodcareofthebaby Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem 中考挑战 各种时态的被动结构练习 1 TheChinesefood tobethehealthiestintheworld A considersB isconsideringC isconsideredD hasconsidered2 John forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission wouldpunishedB hadpunishedC punishedD waspunished3 Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse Notyet Rooms A arepaintingB arepaintedC arebeingpaintingD arebeingpainted 一般时态 am is are 过去分词 现在进行时态 am is are being 过去分词 过去时态 was were 过去分词 4 Mr Wuwasinhospital whenwewenttoseehim he on A operatedB wasoperatedC wasoperatingD wasbeingoperated5 Thenewschool whenthenewtermbegins A finishesB willfinishC willbefinishedD wouldfinish6 Theoldscientistsaidthathe tovisittheircountrybeforelong A invitedB hadinvitedC wasinvitingD wouldbeinvited 过去进行时态 was were being 过去分词 一般将来时态 will be 过去分词 过去将来时态 would be 过去分词 7 WiththehelpoftheHopeProject moreandmorenewschools inthepoorarea A builtB havebuiltC havebeenbuiltD havebeenbuilding8 Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework A finishedB wasfinishedC hadfinishedD hadbeenfinished9 Theprogrammes easilyifyouuseashortwaveradio A canpickupB pickupC pickedupD canbepickedup 现在完成时态 have has been 过去分词 过去完成时态 had been 过去分词 情态动词 情态动词 be 过去分词 中考真题链接 1 IfeelveryhappythatI tobethehost Congratulations 07 江西 A chooseB amchosenC waschosenD havenchosen2 TodayChinese bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld 07 北京 A wasspokenB isspokenC spokeD speak 3 课改实验区考生做 07 重庆 Yourhometownhaschangedalot Yes Takealookatthesetallbuildings They lastyear A buildB builtC wasbuiltD werebuilt 非课改实验区考生做 Whyistheclassroomsodirty Sorry sir It yesterday Weforgottodoit A don tcleanB didn tcleanC weren tcleanedD wasn tcleaned 中考被动语态考题1 Theriversmellsterrible Peoplemust dirtythingintoit 南京市中考题 AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2 Thisbook often fromthelibrary 北京市中考题 Aaren t takeawayBtaken awayCisn t takenawayDbe takenaway3 He tell toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday 黄冈市中考题 wastold 5 Anotherman madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek 济南市中考题 anotherman madesatelliteintospacelastweek 变主动语态7 Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear Trees bypeopletherelastyear 青岛市中考题 8 Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm Thevegetables onthefarm 上海市中考题 T Theysentup wereplanted aregrown 9 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 10 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomeninthisfactory wasasked isdone 11 MrLiwillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture butwhenandwhere yet 2007浙江卷 A hasn tbeendecidedB haven tdecidedC isn tbeingdecidedD aren tdecided Drills A 1 ItsuddenlysnowedwhileMary forthebus A waitedB waitsC waswaitingD waswaited2 Abigpowerstation inmyhometownnow A hasbeenbuiltB isbeingbuiltC hasbuiltD isbuilding 3 Stamps bypeopleforsendingletters A useB usingC usedD areused 4 Mustoldpeople topolitely A speakB spokenC bespokeD bespoken C B D D 5 Bikemustn t everywhere A beupB beputC putC putting6 Thewomanfelloffthebikeand ontheroad A layB waslainC liedD haslain7 Theoldmanandthechildren inourcountry A musttakegoodcareB mustbetakegoodcareofC musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof8 GrannyWangtoldthelittlechildrenthatthesun Fromtheeast A hasrisenB riseC risesD isrisen B A D C 9 Alltreesmust wellwhenitisdry A bewaterB wateringC waterD bewatered10 Ithinktheshop No it sopen It atsix 11 Yesterdayavisitor somethingabouthometown A askedB willbeaskedC wasaskedD hasbeenasked 12ThisbikeismadeinAmerica It s fortravelling A useB usingC touseD used D D C D 一 单项选择1 anewlibrary inourschoollastyear A Is builtB Was builtC Does buildD Did build2 Anaccident onthisroadlastweek hasbeenhappenedB washappenedC ishappenedD happened3 Cotton inthesoutheastofChina A isgrownB aregrownC growsD grow4 AtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolhallnextweek A isgivenB hasbeengivenC willbegivenD gives5 Howmanytrees thisyear A areplantedB willplantC havebeenplanteD planted 6 Neitherofthem inChina A ismadeB aremadeC weremadeD made7 Yourshoes Youneedanewpair A wearoutB wornoutC arewornoutD isworn8 Thedoctor foryet A isn tsentB hasn tbeensentC won tbesentD wasn tsent9 When thiskindofcomputers Lastyear A did useB was usedC is usedD are used10 TheGreatWall allovertheworld A knowsB knewC isknownD wasknown11 I insummer BornB wasbornC havebeenbornD amborn12 HesaysthatMrZhang tothefactorynextweek A issentB wouldsendC wassentD willbesent13 Who thisbook A did writtenB was writtenbyC did writtenD was written14 Mary showmehernewdictionary A hasaskedtoB wasaskedtoC isaskedD asksto15 Astory byGrannyyesterday A wastoldusB wastoldtousC istoldusD toldus16 Themonkeywasseen offthetree A jumpB jumpsC jumpedD tojump17 Theschoolbag behindthechair A PutsB canbeputC canbeputtedD canput 18 Olderpeople well A looksafterB mustbelookedafterC mustlookafterD lookedafter19 Ourteacher carefully A shouldbelistenedtoB shouldbelistenC belistenedD islistened20 HearrivedinBeijing wherehe hisfriend A wasmetbyB wasmetC wasmeetingD metby21 MybrotherandIhave herbirthdayparty A beeninvitedB beeninvitedforC invitedtoD beeninvitedto22 Chaplin A Thechild snamewascalledB Thechild snamecallsC ThechildcallsD Thechildisnamed 23 Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown fromhere A CanitseeB CanitbeseenC CanitseenD Cansee24 Youngtrees wellwhenitisdry AwaterBwatersCmustbewateredDwerewatered25 Thesebooks outofthereadingroom Youhavetoreadthemhere Acan ttakeBmustbetakenCcantakeDmustn tbetaken26 Weknowthatthiskindofbike inSuzhou AismadeBmakesCismakingDaremade27 Whenallthework Youmaygobackhome AfinishesBhasfinishedCisfinishedDarefinished 28 English inmanycountries isspeakingB isspokenC speaksD hasspoken29 Thecomputer ITaiwanin1999 A ismadeB makesC wasmadeD made30 Theflowersarewatered UncleWangeveryday A ofB byC atD for31 Hisletter soon A willfinishB isfinishedC wasfinishedD willbefinished32 Anewlabbuilding inourschoolinayear A putsB willputupC wasputupD willbeputup33 Mybirds byoneofmybestfriendswhen I maway A willbelookafterB willbelookedafterC belookedafterD willbeenlookafter34 Myfather nottosmokeanymore A toldB tellsC aretoldD istold35 Thebirthdaycakeis A eatinweB eatwithusC eatenbyweD eatenbyus36 Doyouknow A whothepaperisinvitedB whothepaperwasinventedC whothepaperisinventedbyD whothepaperwasinventedby37 Thesportsmeeting lastweekend A isholdingB isheldC washeldD wereheld38 Theguests aroundthecitythisSunday A areshownB willshowC werebeshownD willbeshown39 AtalkonChinesehistory inourschoolnextweek A isgivenB hasbeengivenC willbegivenD willgive40 Ifthecatdoesn trunfastenough is bythedog A writingB writtenC wroteD writes二 把下列句子改成被动语态 1 必须照看好孩子们 Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof2 这本书是鲁迅写的 ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun3 昨天那支笔是他给我的Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday4 这辆自行车能修吗 Canthisbikebemended 5 街道已由他们清理了 Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem 1 PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina 2 WhowasthefilmtheGoldenCompassdirectedby 3 Heisthoughttobeagoodteacher 4 SheisreputedtobethebestsingerinEurope 印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的 黄金罗盘 是由谁执导的 他被认为是个好老师 据说 她是全欧洲最好的歌唱家 1 Didhebreakthewindowyesterday thewindowyesterday 2 Someonetookawaythebooksyesterday 3 WewillholdasportsmeetinginSeptember 4 Thenursetookgoodca