美国文学(1)殖民地时期文学

美国文学史及选读 HistoryAndAnthologyofAmericanLiterature 主讲教师 吴静副教授 TableofContents TableofContentsIntroductionBriefOutlineofAmericanLiteratureChapterIColonialPeriod Introduction AmericanLiteratureAmericanliteratureistheliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbyAmericancitizens Canonofliteratureconcurrenceofciritcspersistentinfluencefrequentreferencetoanauthororworkwildspreadassignmentideology politicalinterestandvalueofeliteclass HistoricalOverview ColonialPeriod 1607 1765 殖民时期Enlightenment theWarofIndependence 1765 1800 启蒙时期RomanticPeriod 1800 1865 浪漫主义时期RealisticPeriod 1865 1918 现实主义时期Modernism 1918 1945 现代主义时期ContemporaryLiterature 1945 当代文学 ColonialPeriod 1607 1775 ChapterOne 主要内容 Generalbackground majorwritersandtheirworks重点难点 AmericanPuritanismanditsinfluenceonAmericanLiterature I HistoricalIntroduction 1earlyhistory 1 AmericawasfirstdiscoveredbyColumbusattheendofthe15thcentury 2 In1607 CaptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean Jamestown Virginia 3 In1620 102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent NewEngland Plymouth Massachusetts 2 people Indianswerenativeinhabitants NowAmericansaremainlyimmigrantsmostlyfromEurope esp fromEngland TheColonization TheGreatDiscoveryoftheNewLandin1492byColumbusHenryVII KingofEngland establishedin1497aclaimtothecontinentaldomain QueenElizabethcametothethroneofEnglandin1558 begantotakeaseriousinterestintherealestateintheNewWorld Underherencouragement manymerchantsandsailorshadbeguntheirexploringjourneysintotheNewLand Amongthem therewasapersonnamedCaptainJohnSmith thefoundingofJamestowninVirginiain1607 3 WhatisthePuritan p7 9 PuritanisEnglishprotestant TheyregardedthereformationoftheChurchunderElizabethasincomplete andcalledforitsfurther purification fromwhattheyconsideredtobeunscripturalandcorruptformsandceremoniesretainedfromtheunreformedchurch 3 WhatisthePuritanism p7 9 PuritanismisareligiousandpoliticalmovementthatdevelopedinEnglandaboutthemiddleofthe16thcenturyandlaterspreadinfluenceintotheNewEnglandinAmerica The17thcenturyAmericanPuritansincludedtwoparts onepartofthemwerethecreatorsofthePlymouth 普利茅斯 colony called Separatists TheotherpartwastheEnglishmenintheMassachusettsBayColony ThoughtheycamelaterthanthoseofPlymouthcolony theywerericherandbetter educated TheirBeliefs TheyregardedthemselvesaschosenpeopleofGod Theyembracedhardships industryandfrugality Theyfavoredadisciplined hard somber asceticandharshlife Theyopposedartsandpleasure Theysuspectjoyandlaughterassymptomsofsin MainDoctrinesofAmericanPuritanism thedoctrineofpredestination originalsinandatonement StrongSenseofMission PuritansdreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderandworkedwithahopetobuildaGardenofEdeninAmerica Thisshowsthattheyareindeedidealists Puritanismencouragedpeopletostruggleintheircareer Ifone sbusinesswasbooming itprovedthathehadgainedgod sprovidence Puritansstressedhardwork thrift pietyandsobriety Inpeople sdailylife religiousactivitieswereamatteroffirstimportance Theirlivesweredisciplinedandhard WhydidPuritanscometoAmerica 1 toreformtheChurchofEngland 2 tohaveanentirelynewchurch 3 toescapereligiouspersecution God schosenpeople ToseekanewGardenofEden Tobuild CityofGodonearth II EarlyAmericanWritersandPoets 1 South Jamestown Virginia CaptainJohnSmith firstAmericanwriter 8worksContributions hisdescriptionofAmericawerefilledwiththemes myths images scenes charactersandeventsthatwereafoundationforthenation sliterature HeluredthePilgrimsintofleeinghereandcreatingaNewland 2 North NewEngland PuritanWritersWilliamBradford firstgovernorofPlymouth TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation simplicity earnestness directreporting readable moving JohnWinthrop firstgovernorofBoston TheHistoryofNewEngland 3 TwoPoets AnneBradstreet EdwardTaylor JohnSmith 1580 1631 IntroductiontotheauthorHewasanEnglishsoldier sailor andauthorHeisrememberedforhisroleinestablishingthefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaatJamestown Virginia HewasaleaderoftheVirginia佛吉尼亚州Colony basedatJamestown betweenSeptember1608andAugust1609 andledanexplorationalongtheriversofVirginiaandtheChesapeakeBay 切萨皮克湾 ChesapeakeBay 美国东部大西洋沿岸的海湾 南段在弗吉尼亚 北段在马里兰 长311千米 宽5 40千米面积约8 365平方千米 有多条河流注入 其中包括萨斯奎汉纳河 帕塔克森特河 波托马克河和詹姆斯河 詹姆斯敦是海湾区的第一个欧洲人居住区 建于1607年 一年后 J 史密斯船长探测并绘制了海湾及其各河口的地图 切萨皮克湾的水域有丰富的海洋生物 但到20世纪70年代 周围地区的开发使得海湾的污染严重 捕鱼量急遽下降 为了弥补损失政府已采取了各种措施 2 HisliteraryachievementsHeisthefirstAmericanWriter Hisfirstliteraryworkcomesfrompartofaletterwiththetitle ATrueRelationofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony 1608 AMapofVirginia withaDescriptionoftheCountry 1621 GeneralHistoryofVirginia 1624 波卡洪塔斯 Pocahontas 波瓦坦族印第安妇女 在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦善待殖民者 从而维护了英国殖民者与美洲土著之间的和平 为有权势的波瓦坦人酋长之女 她插手营救了被俘的殖民地创建者J 史密斯 其后她改信了基督教 并与殖民地开拓者J 罗尔夫结婚 进一步确保了双方的和平 她后来到英国旅行 获国王接见 但在英国死于天花 WilliamBradford 1590 1657 Bradford sstatueinPlymouthRockStatePark Plymouth Massachusetts WilliamBradford 1590 1657 IntroductiontotheauthorWilliamBradfordwasaleaderoftheSeparatistsettlersofthePlymouthColonyinMassachusetts HewaselectedthirtytimestobetheGovernorafterJohnCarverdied Hewasthesecondsignerandprimaryarchitect 建筑师 设计师 缔造者 oftheMayflowerCompactinProvincetownHarbor thefirstgovernorofPlymouth2 Hisrepresentativework TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation 1856 JohnWinthrop 1587 1649 IntroductiontotheauthorHewasthefirstgovernorofBoston HehadbeenalawyerandlordofamanorinEngland HewaselectedgovernoroftheMassachusettsBayGroupbeforesailingandtheforemost 首要的 最佳的 leaderthroughouttheremaining19years 2 Hismajorworks Partsofhisjournalwerefirstpublishedin1790 ThecompleteworkwascalledTheHistoryofNewEnglandwhichwaspublishedin1826 Hisworkisnotableforitssimplicityandhonesty yetitisvaluablehistoricalmaterialsaboutthatperiod AnneBradstreet 1612 1672 1 AnneBradstreet sWorks SomeversesontheBurningofOurHouse TheFleshandtheSpirit TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica2 AnneBradstreet sLife ShewasbornandeducatedinEngland Attheageof18 shecametoAmericain1630withherfatherandhusband Shehad8children Shebecameknownasthe TenthMuse whoappearedinAmerica thefirstcollectionpublishedbyEnglishcolonistslivinginAmerica EdwardTaylor IntroductionHewasborninEnglandandattendedHarvardUniversity Hewasthebestofthepuritanpoetsinthecolonialperiod HisworkfollowedthestyleandformsoftheleadingEnglishpoetsofthemid seventeenthcentury andalthoughTaylorwasnotthebestofthese heshowedanauthentic a 真的 真正的 可靠的 可信的 poeticability Mostofhisworkstreatedreligiousthemes withmanypoemsbaseddirectlyonthepsalms Hiswork PreparatoryMeditation FeaturesofColonialPoets 1 TheywereservantsofGod 2 Theyfaithfullyimitatedandtransplanted vt 移栽 移植 使迁移n