时态的界定.doc

一般现在时”不受时间之限制”,一般过去时”与现在没有联系”; 进行时是”阶段性暂时性”; 过去完成时是”过去的过去”; 现在完成时”过去的动作至今及近况,经历,经验结果又影响”。 考点锦囊 1一般现在时 一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在,指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。具体表示: (1)表示现状、性质、状态或经常或习惯性的动作,且常与表频率的时间状语连用,如: John sometimes sits up very late. (2)表示客观事实或普遍现象,如:Water boils at 100. 2一般将来时 将来时的几种用法比较 be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已经做了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。shall/will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时想到的。be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。be about to do sth.表示”即可,就要”,后面不能接表示将来的时间状语。 用于条件、时间等状语从句中,例如由if, unless, before, as soon as, when,once引导的状语从句,用一般现在时态代替一般将来时。少数用于表示动作起止的动词,如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, begin等有时也用一般时代替将来时。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作(表示车、船、飞机等按时刻表要发生的动作),如:The plane for Beijing takes off at 9:30 .少数用于表示动作起止的动词,如:go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等有时也用现在进行时代替将来时。 3现在进行时 表示此时此刻或现阶段进行的动作,具有暂时性,持续性,未完成性的特点。具体表示: (1)表示说话时刻发生或进行着的动作。(2)表示现在阶段正在进行的动作。 4现在完成时 现在完成时是”过去的动作或状态对现在的影响”或对现在造成的结果,以及表示”从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。”注意以下几点: (1)现在完成时除可以和for, since引起的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during/in/over the last(past) few years (months, weeks), in recent years. (2)现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构: It is /has been+一段时间+since从句 That/This /It is the only That/This/It is the best/finest/most interesting, etc (4)非延续性动词marry, close, die, arrive, post, come, fall, leave, go, break, lose, give, join, jump, receive, buy, borrow, become, start, begin, graduate,如果用于现在完成时,不能与表示一段时间的时间状语for, since连用。 5一般过去时”态” 是”与现在没有联系的时态”,只强调过去的事实,不强调与现在的关系。 6过去完成时 过去完成时指”过去的过去”,具体类型有: (1)第一种类型是:过去完成时+before/by the time/when+一般过去时 第二种类型是:Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时 第三种类型是:I had thought/expected/meant/wanted表示过去未实现的希望或计划 第四种类型是:动作发生顺序是过去的过去。 (2)表示过去未实现的希望或计划,用I had hoped/expected/supposed/meant/thought/wanted/to do sth.句型,表示我本希望/想/可能/打算/认为/想做某事。 (3)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。 7过去将来时(相对于过去某个时间发生在将来的动作) 过去将来时是相对一般将来时的时态,用法与其相同,但要注意时态变化。 注意:was/were going to do sth.表过去将来。或表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法。 08考点猜想 1Where were you at lunch time? I a seat for you in the dining hall. AsavedBwas savingChave savedDhad saved 2Did Peter fix the computer himself? He , because he doesnt know much about computers. Ahas it fixedBhad fixed itChad it fixedDfixed it 3I would have gone fishing yesterday, but it all day. Ahad been rainingBwas raining Cshould rainDhas rained 4It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. Oh, dont mention it.I past your house anyway. Awas comingBwill come Chad come Dhave come 5When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.Where . Adid you go Bhave you goneCwere you Dhad you been 6Did you seen a man in black pass by just now? No, sir.I a newspaper. AreadBwas reading Cwould readDam reading 7At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement . Ahas been reachedBhad been reached Chas reachedDhad reached 8Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. AshowedBhas shownCwill showDis showing 9 had he got into the room when the telephone rang. AAsBUntilCSinceDHardly 10Do you regret not having gone abroad? Not at all.I as much, but Im glad to contribute to our motherland. Adidnt earnBam not earning Chadnt earnedDhavent earned 11You didnt lock the back door. Your are wrong.I . Ahave locked itBlock it myselfCdid lock itDdo lock it 12Flight 302 to London until 7:30 tomorrow morning. No wonder I hear so many complaints from the passengers. Ahas been delayedBdelay CdelayedDwill be delayed 13How much can you pay me for the job? You ?瘙 Awill payBare payingCwill be paidDare paid 14Since you werent at the meeting, we the decision without you. Amade Bhad made Cwere making Dwould make 15Could you meet me at the airport? Id like to, but I Shanghai when you return. Awill have leftBwas leaving Cwill leaveDhave left The keys:7.动词的时态 答案与解析 1答案:B 使用进行时表示当时一个阶段的情况. 2答案:C 本题是在语境中考查时态。根据上一句可看出第一个人是询问过去的一个动作,再根据because从句的谓语动词是一般现在时态,所以回答语中的fix应用现在完成时态。 3答案:B 整天在下雨,all day.是关键信息。 4答案:A 本题考查过去进行时态,本题必须结合语境,当时我正经过你的房子,指让别人打便车的时候。 5答案:C 根据所提供的情景When I called you this morning,nobody answered the phone.可判断出要用一般过去时,表示“当我给你打电话时你在哪儿?” 6答案:B 此处询问你刚才看见穿黑衣服的人路过了吗?后面说我在看报,故用过去进行时态。 7答案:B 从题干可看出达成协议这一动作发生在宣布之前,而宣布用了一般过去时态,因此达成协议用过去完成时态,过去完成时态主要表示过去的过去。 8答案:B 近来已经表明,用完成式. 9答案:D 句意:他刚一进屋电话铃就响了。Hardlywhen 和on sooner than 的主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时。Hardly 和no sooner用于句首需用倒装。两者均译为:一就。 10答案:D 根据上下文指的是到目前为止:我没有挣很多钱,用完成式. 11答案:D 根据上下文的意思当那帮人闯入的时候你在干什么,我已经关了电视,准备去睡觉了,再结合语境,可知D项正确。 12答案:A Fli