英美报刊选读

英美报刊选读SelectedArticlesfromAmerican BritishNewspapers Magazines 报刊阅读技能SkillsforReading BritishPressHistory DailyCourantMar 11 1702thefirstconsecutivelypublishednewspaperintheworldGoldentimeManyliterarymogulswrotefornewspapers e g Defoe Swift FieldingandSamuelJohnson Fromthenon theBritishnewspaperindustryhasbeenplayingaleadingroleinEurope BiggroupsorchainsTheycontrollthenewspapersinEngland Somebiggroupsare NewsGroupNewspaperLtd 新闻国际集团 AssociatedNewspaperLtd 联合报业集团公司 ThomsonOrganizationLtd 汤姆森集团公司 NewspapersLtd 合众报业公司 ImportantNewspapers Periodicals TheTimeswasestablishedin1785 originallynamedDailyUniversalRegister in1788itwaschangedintothenamenow ItbelongstotheNewsInternationalItscirculationisaround630 000 DailyTelegraphJune 29 1855byArthurSleighItbelongstoHollingerInternationalitscirculationisabout900000besideitsnameplatethewordsare Britain sbest sellingqualitydailyitsrecord10yearsago1 5millionitisregardedasTorygraph i e veryconservative TheGuardian1821byJohnEdwardTaylorinManchester originallynamedManchesterGuardian 1959itwaschangedintopresentnameItistheonlynewspaperthatdevelopsfromalocalnewspapernopersonorgroupcontrolit itisunderthedirectionoftrusteeshipTheIndependent1986bythreereportersfromtheDailyTelegraph itscirculationis250 000 FinancialTimes1884byHarryMarksitiscalledbusinesspinkorPinkbecauseofitscolor itssloganis NoFT nocomment now itisunderthecontrolofPearsoncirculationisabout440 000 3 4ofitissoldoverseas DailyMail1896byAlfredHarrnsworthunderthecontrolofAssociatedNewspaperscirculationis2 4millionthemostprofitableoneinBritainDailyExpress1900byC ArthurPearsonbefore1970sveryinfluentialnowcirculationisaround1millionitsbossnowisRichardDesmond heisalsodirectingthemagazineOK TheSunNov 17 1969byNewsInternationalpopularnewspapercirculationis3 5millionTheEconomist seemoreinotherdocument 2005 9 61843byJamesWilsontogetherwithBeatles BBC royalfamily andWiskycirculationis900 00080 ofthemissoldabroad 英国主要报刊杂志网站大全 一 英国全国性高级报纸有 1 泰晤士报 Times www thetimes co uk 2 每日电讯报 TheDailyTelegraph www dailytelegraph co uk3 卫报 TheGuardian www guardian co uk 4 金融时报 TheFinancialTimes 5 星期日电讯报 SundayDispatch 6 观察家报 TheObserver www observer co uk 7 星期日泰晤士报 TheSundayTimes www sunday times co uk 3 科学通讯 ScienceNews www sciencenews org4 地理杂志 TheGeographicalMagazine www geographical co uk5 新科学家 NewScientist 6 科学世界 ScientificWorld 7 未来音乐 FutureMusic www futuremusic co uk8 学科进展 ScienceProgress 本文选自 100e英语的博客 点击可查看博客原文 二 英国全国性通俗报纸有 1 每日快报 TheDailyExpress www express co uk 2 每日邮报 TheDailyMail www dailymail co uk 3 每日镜报 DailyMirror www mirror co uk 4 星期日快报 TheSundayExpress5 世界新闻报 TheNewsoftheWorld www newsoftheworld co uk 一个很有特点的英语新闻网站 三 地方性报纸它主要以刊登本地新闻和广告为主 具有浓厚的地方特色 包括晨报 晚报 周报 3日刊 1 格拉斯哥先驱报 GlasgowHerald www theherald co uk 2 旗帜晚报 TheEveningStandard 3 新闻晚报 TheEveningNews www eveningtimes co uk 四 主要报纸简介1 泰晤士报 Times 1785年由约翰 沃尔特在创敦创刊 誉为 世界第一大报纸 theFirstNewspaperintheWorld www thetimes co uk 2 卫报 TheGuardian 原名 曼彻斯特卫报 TheMan ChesterGuardian 1821年创刊于曼彻斯特 后迁伦敦 1959年改称 卫报 www guardian co uk 3 金融时报 TheFinancialTimes 1888年于伦敦创刊 是英国金融资本的晴雨表4 每日电讯报 TheDailyTelegraph 1855年于伦敦创刊 该报以 时效性 而著称 www dailytelegraph co uk5 观察家报 TheObserver 1791年创刊 www observer co uk6 每日快报 TheDailyExpress 1900年由比弗布鲁克爵士 LordBeaverbrook 在伦敦创刊 www express co uk 7 每日邮报 TheDailyMail 1896年创刊 是一种知识性很强的通俗日报 www dailymail co uk 8 镜报 TheMirror 1903年创刊 1985年以前名为 每日镜报 DailyMirror www mirror co uk 五 英国主要期刊简介1 经济学家 TheEconomist 1843年创刊 与 金融时报 同属 皮尔逊父子公司 所有 2 旁观者 TheSpectator 创刊于1828年 是英国全国性周刊中历史最久的杂志 www spectator co uk3 新政治家 TheNewStatesman 创刊于1934年 主要发表有关政治 社会问题 书刊 电影 戏剧等方面的评论 www newstatesman co uk4 妇女界 TheWoman sOwn 1932年创刊 是图文并茂的妇女月刊 女性朋友必看 5 妇女之国 Woman sRealm 创刊于1958年 适合新成家的青年妇女 6 泰晤士报文学增刊 TheTimesLiterarySupplement TheTLS 每周出一期 是英国最有影响的文学周刊之一 www the tls co uk 六 英国其他周刊及科普刊物1 周刊 Weeklies 1 现在 Now www nowmagazine co uk2 侦探 PrivateEye www private eye co uk 适合喜欢破案类小说的中学生 3 笨拙 Punch www punch co uk 非常不错的漫画类杂志 4 听众 TheListener www listener co nz 5 新社会 NewSociety 6 闲暇 TimeOut 2 科普 Scientificperiodicals 1 发现 Discovery 2 自然 Nature 中国地区自然杂志网址 简单介绍 自然 系列期刊是由每周出版的多学科 自然 杂志和8种每月出版的期刊组成 自然 杂志发表在某一学科内具有高最影响 其它领域的科学家也会感兴趣的研究工作 8种学术期刊的名称是根据其报道领域命名的 它们都发表在其领域中质量最高 影响力显著的论文 这8种期刊的名称分别是 自然生物技术 自然细胞生物学 自然遗传学 自然免疫学 自然材料学 自然医学 自然方法学 自然结构和分子生物学 所有的这些期刊都是国际性的 它们在美国 英国和日本出版和印刷 3 科学通讯 ScienceNews www sciencenews org4 地理杂志 TheGeographicalMagazine www geographical co uk5 新科学家 NewScientist 6 科学世界 ScientificWorld 7 未来音乐 FutureMusic www futuremusic co uk8 学科进展 ScienceProgress 本文选自 100e英语的博客 点击可查看博客原文 ClassificationofBritishnewspapers qualitynewspaper popularnewspaperNewsAgency 路透社 Reutersabbrev Reuter sNewsAgency 该社由德国人路透于1851年创建 总部设在伦敦舰队街85号 是世界上最大的通讯社之一 该社与其他通讯社有着密切的联系 如通过交换方式获得他国新闻 现在其业务已遍及全球150多个国家 为数以千计的报纸 电台 电视台提供新闻素材 AmericanPress HistoryPublickOccurrencesbyBenjaminHarris1stnewspaperinAmericafor4days1stconsecutivelyissuednewspaperwasBostonNews Letter whichappearedin1704 NewEnglandCourantbyJamesFranklinPennsylvaniaGazettebyBenjaminFranklinTechnologicaladvances Pennypressattheendof19thcenturyNewsservices cooperativenewsgatheringThemagazineindustrybeganin1741inPhiladelphiabyBenjaminFranklin AndrewBradfordAmericanMagazineGeneralMagazine MogulsinAmericanpresshistory HarrisonGrayOtis TheChandlerfamily LosAngelesTimes TimesMirror oneoftoday stoptenAmericannewspaperchainsHenryLuce Time Fortune SportsIllustrated Life TimeInc HaroldRoss TheNewYorker Americannewspapers magazines TheNewYorkT1851itssloganis Allthenewsthat sfittoprint TheWashingtonP1877LosAnglesT USAT T NewsAgencies NewsAgency 路透社 Reutersabbrev Reuter sNewsAgency 该社由德国人路透于1851年创建 总部设在伦敦舰队街85号 是世界上最大的通讯社之一 该社与其他通讯社有着密切的联系 如通过交换方式获得他国新闻 现在其业务已遍及全球150多个国家 为数以千计的报纸 电台 电视台提供新闻素材 InOctober1851PaulJuliusReuter aGerman bornimmigrant openedanofficeintheCityofLondonwhichtransmittedstockmarketquotationsbetweenLondonandParisviathenewCalais Dovercable TwoyearsearlierhehadusedpigeonstoflystockpricesbetweenAachenandBrussels aservicewhichoperatedforayearuntilthegapinthetelegraphlinkwasclosed Reuters astheagencysoonbecameknown eventuallyextendeditsservicetothewholeBritishpressaswellastootherEuropeancountries Italsoexpandedthecontenttoincludegeneralandeconomicnewsfromallaroundtheworld Thereputationofitsservicewasenhancedbyasuccessionofreportingscoops Forexample in1865ReuterswasfirstinEuropewithnewsofPresidentLincoln sassassinationintheUnitedStates AP DavidHale publisheroftheJournalofCommerce meetswithJamesGordonBennett publisheroftheNewYorkHerald Thetwoagreetocombineeffortstoprovidewidercoverageofworldeventsbycontributingtoageneralfund ThefoundingofTheAssociatedPressdatesfromMay1848 whenHale seffortsculminatedinameetingoftenmenrepresentingsixNewYorknewspaperpublishersintheofficesofTheNewYorkSun Anagreementwasreachedtopooleffortsforcollectinginternationalnews andtooffsettheprohibitivecostofthetelegraph HoraceGreeley foundingeditoroftheNewYorkTribune wasalsoafounderofTheAP ThefoundingofTheAssociatedPressdatesfromMay1848 whenHale seffortsculminatedinameetingoftenmenrepresentingsixNewYorknewspaperpublishersintheofficesofTheNewYorkSun Anagreementwasreachedtopooleffortsforcollectinginternationalnews andtooffsettheprohibitivecostofthetelegraph HoraceGreeley foundingeditoroftheNewYorkTribune wasalsoafounderofTheAP UPI NewspaperpublisherE W ScrippscombinesthreeregionalnewsservicesintotheUnitedPressAssociations whichbeginsserviceonJuly15 1907 ScrippsfoundedUnitedPressontheprinciplethatthereshouldbenorestrictionsonwhocouldbuynewsfromanewsservice ThisformulamadeUPadirectthreattothemonopolisticandexclusionaryalliancesofthemajorU S andEuropeanwireservicesatthetime 1958UnitedPressmergeswiththeInternationalNewsServiceonMay24 becomingUPI UPIlaunchestheUPIAudioNetwork thefirstwireserviceradionetwork AFPistheworld soldestestablishednewsagency foundedin1835byCharles LouisHavas thefatherofglobaljournalism Today theagencycontinuestoexpanditsoperationsworldwide reachingthousandsofsubscribersviaradio television newspapersandcompaniesfromitsmainheadquartersinParisandregionalcentersinWashington HongKong NicosiaandMontevideo Allsharethesamegoal toguaranteetopqualityinternationalservicetailoredtothespecificneedsofclientsineachregion Front page Nameplate alsocalled flag isthenameofthenewspaper whichappearsonthetopofthefrontpageinlarge capitalletters Ears refertotheboxesoneachsideofthepaper sname Folio thetypebeneaththenameplate includingthevolumeandissuenumbers copyrightline dateandprice CopyrightLineLeadarticle themain orleading articleoftheissue alwayspositionedattheupperright eachnewspaperhasitsownstyle Headline aquicksummaryofthearticle scontent printedinlargelettersBank asubordinateheadline alsoknownasadeck Byline thenameofthewriter Dateline referstothelineatthebeginningofastorywhichincludesboththedateandplaceoforiginofthestory Thenameoftheplacegoesbeforethedateandallitslettersshouldbecapitalized Itneednotalwayscontainthedate oftenonlytheplaceoforigin JumpLine asignpostthatanarticlecontinues jumps toanotherpage Creditline underphotography thenameofthephotographerornewsagencythatsuppliedthepicture Caption anexplanationofwhat sinaphotograph alsocalledacutline fromthedayswhenthepicturesinanewspaperwerewoodcuts Kicker theheadingonacaption oftenservingasacrossreferencetoanarticleinsidethepaper Insidebox asignposttoarticlesandsectionsofspecialinterestinsidethepaper Index atableofcontentsforsections featuresandlistingsRefer asentenceortwothatsummarizesanarticles orseveral insidethepaper andservesasareferraltothefullertreatmentBoxedarticle anarticleframedbythinblacklinesandwhitespaceasasignalofunusualinterest oftenanarticlethatdiscussesatrendoraninsightratherthan spotnews NewspaperHeadlines ExtractessencefromnewsfactsChineseheadlinesemphasize totality Itmeansthatexceptforthemainheadline thereareeyebroworkickeranddecktocomplementthemainheadline e g 美国航天史上发生最大悲剧 挑战者 号航天飞机空中爆炸七名机组人员全部罹难from解放日报ChallengerexplosionbringsgriefworldwidefromChinaDailyEnglishheadlinesstress accentuation forseveralreasons 1 MostEnglishwordsarepolysyllabic Onewordsometimescanoccupyalotspace2 Englishgrammar structure ItishardforEnglishnewspapertoexpressthewholecontentwithouttakingalotofspace Typesofnewspaperheadlines 1 Straightheadlinessimplytellthemaintopicofthestory e g NewpoliciesforforeigninvestmentChinaseeksclosertieswithEurope2 HeadlinesthataskaquestionSteelpricetorise Newcabinettoday 3 Headlinesthatcontainaquotation aquotationisusedasaheadlinewhenitsimplytellsthemaintopicofthestory e g Deng Daretoexperiment Healthsurvey NewYorkersfitter slimmer 4 Featureheadlines Featurestoriesshouldhavethem Thefeatureheadlinesaremarkedbylanguagethatcantouchareader scuriosity amazement skepticismorhumor Theyreflectthetonesofthestoriesratherthansummarizethefactsinthem Formsofnewspaperheadlines 1 Cross lineorkey line2 Dropformordroplineorstepheading3 Invertedpyramidform4 Flush leftform5 Over linekicker6 Bannerheadlineorstreamer7 Jumphead Languagefeaturesofnewspaperheadlines Lexicalfeaturesa PreferenceforshortwordsAccordpossibletoday agreement Governortoaxeaide dismiss 3dieinhotelblast explosion b Wideuseofabbreviationsandacronyms abbreviations Afr Africa African univ university econ economics Acronyms BBC BritishBroadcastingCorporation FBI FederalBureauofInvestigation c FrequentomissionofcertainwordsFankillswife Asportsfankilledhiswife Bankerssilentasdollarfalls Thebankerskeepsilentasthedollarfalls Womankillshusband self Awomankilledherhusbandandherself 2 Grammaticalfeaturesa useofheavilymodifiednominalgroups200 metre longfloodpreventiondykebuiltSino Germantradereviewtalksstart b useofthesimplepresenttenseBombkillstwoc useofthepresentprogressivetenseRailChaosgettingworseThamesapproachingdangerlevel d useoftheinfinitive p 154 e useofthepassiveconstructions p 155 3 Rhetoricalfeaturesa alliterationBye byebalancedbudgetCanhedoaDeng b RhymeWho sneartoClinton sear Aneyehighinskyc MetaphorAnAfghanJoanofArcCarloPontiinhotwateragain Downinthemouth newsfordentists d PunSoccerkicksoffwithviolenceTheSunsetsforlasttimeMenrecommendedmoreclubsforwivese ParodyAtaleoftwoheartsCryingoverunsoldmilk UnderstandingheadlineswiththehelpofbackgroundknowledgeGonewiththeCash Gonewiththewind JPMorganreaffirmsitsinterest TheNewspaperLead Definition Thefirstparagraph orthefirstfewsentences ofanewsstoryiscalledthenewslead Shortstorystructure newsstorystructure Leadorclimax Importantfacts unimportantfacts Differenttypesofnewspaperleads Twocategories summarylead thedelayedleadThedelayedleadincludesthefollowing a descriptiveleadb directaddressleadorpersonalleadc quotationlead d suspenseleade delayedleadf contrastleadg anecdotallead thehistoricalorliterary allusionlead binedleadi satirelead Thebodyofthenewsstory Differenttypesofnewsstory Summarylead Fact1 Fact2 Fact3 Fact4 InvertedPyramidstyle EventsIndescendingorderofimportance lead Fact1 Fact2 Fact3 Fact4 Thelead plus factsformat Beginningfact1fact2 ending fact4 fact3 Eventsintimesequence Thechronologicalstyle TheFeaturestory Definition referstothestorythatfallssomewherebetweenstraightnewsandpurefiction Inotherwords theincidentsandpersonsinvolvedinfeaturestoriesarereal notcreated arefacts notfiction thoughmanytechniquesusedinfictionwritingcanbefoundinfeatures Differencesbetweenstraightnewsandfeaturestories1 Themainpurposeofstraightnewsstoriesistoinform inclusivenessenlargedclose ups 2 Thefeaturestoryisusuallylongerthanastraightnewsstory Differentkindsoffeaturestories1 thepersonalityfeature profile 2 theoccasionalfeature3 theinformativefeature4 theexperiencefeature Opinionwriting Unlikestraightnewsthatseldomgivethereaderstheclearopinionofthewriter opinionwritingnotsimplytriestoinformorentertain italsotriestoconvince Opinionwritingincludesthereview 评论 thecolumn 专栏 theeditorial 社论 andletterstotheeditor Reviewsaredescriptionsofbooksandarticles dramaticperformances concertsandothermusicalperformances films radioandtelevisionprograms lectures andart suchaspainting dance andsculpture Thereviewer usinghisorherthoroughunderstandingofthefield measuresthesuccessandfailureoftheworkorperformance Columnsalsoexpressopinions Writersaresometimesfamousandinfluential sotheircolumnsareoftenheadedbytheirownpictures Eachcolumnisthashisownstyle Toreallyappreciateacolumnyoushouldreaditoftenandtrytounderstandthebasicattitudesofthewriter Unlikeanewswriter acolumnistdoesnothavetopresentthefactsinabalancedorobjectiveway Thepurposeofmosteditorialsistoconvince whetherornotthewriterhopestostirhisreaderstoimmediateaction Fromhispurposearisethree types ofeditorials 1 Inoneeditorialthewritermaymerelyinterpretanevent offeringnospecificaction 2 Inanother hemaysuggestoneormoresatisfactorycoursesofaction 3 Inathird hemaydemandactiononthepartofpublicofficialsorexhorthisreaderstotakeimmediateaction pointingoutthegravityofthematter LetterstotheeditorSinceletter writerscomefromavarietyofdifferentbackgrounds thelettersthemselvescomeinavarietyofdifferentstyles theyprovideexcellentopportunitiesforstylisticstudy requests applications complaints andsuggestions Englishadvertisement LexicalcharacteristicsofAdvertising1 Useofcommendatorywordsdelicious fresh bright fantastic etc OfAmerica sbest tastinggums Tridentissugar free 2 Useofsimplewordsmonosyllabic 单音节 words make get have see buy keep take use 3 Useof newwords coinages 新造词 andmisspelledwordsTheOrangemostestDrinkintheworld Giveyourfeetascholliday prefixessuffixessupercalendered superexcellentKleenex Windex Rolexautomic washmatic hy