高考宾语从句

名词性从句宾语从句 Iknowhim 2 Iknowwhoheis 主语 谓语 宾语 简单句 主语 谓语 宾语从句 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主句 复合句 宾语从句的概念 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语 句子结构 主句 连词 引导词 宾语从句 1 主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词 2 如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组 那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句 3 有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句 I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam Hewonderedifhecouldpasstheexam Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanpasstheexam 注意 动词 副词形成的谓语动词词组后也可以带宾语从句 一 从属连词1 当宾语从句是陈述句时 包括肯定句和否定句 连词由that引导 因为that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 LinTaoknows that hisownteamisevenbetter Shesays that shewon ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday Jimthought that thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty Hesaid that hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster 引导词种类 2 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时 由连词whether或if引导 口语中常用if 因为if whether翻译成 是否 具有一定的意义 所以不能省略 Lilywantedtoknowif whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag Let sseeif whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity Italldependsonwhethershelikesthebossornot 引导词种类 二 连接代词which what whose who whom whatever whoever whomever whichever 连接代词在从句中作主语 宾语 表语 定语 Iwonderwhowillteachus Mr Wangaskedwhosebookthatwas Youcantakewhateveryoulike 引导词种类 三 连接副词where when why how等连接副词在句中作状语 Hedidn ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought 引导词种类 带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句 Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast Idon tknowhowfaritistothecinema Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan 二 时态1 如果主句是现在的时态 包括一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 包括一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时等 Iknowheliveshere Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow 2 如果主句是过去的时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Iknewwholivedhere Shetoldmethatshewastalkingwithhermotheratthattimelastweek Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday Hesaidthathehadseenitbefore 3 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter 三 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 1 Whenwillhegotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 Whatdoeshewanttobuy Idon tknowwhathewantstobuy Idon tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy 3 Whoarewegoingtomeet Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet 4 DoesheknowFrench Wewanttoknowif whetherheknowsFrench Wewanttoknowif whetherdoesheknowFrench 5 WilltheygotoCanadainsummer They renotsureif whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer They renotsureif whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer 1 could would是委婉语气 而不是过去式 因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态 注意事项 Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback 2 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时 连词不可能是that 如果主句的谓语动词是say时 连词用that Shesays that shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk Hesaid that hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation 3 当doubt doubtful用于肯定句时 后面的名词性从句连接词常用whether或if 当doubt doubtful用于否定句时 后面的名词性从句的连接词用that Idoubtif whetherheisathome Wedon tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime 4 当besure引导主句是肯定句时 后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that 当besure引导的主句是否定句时 后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if Wearesurethathewillbesuccessfulsoon Theoldmandidn tseemtobesurewhether ifhehadmetme 5 介词后宾语从句的注意事项 一般情况下介词后只能用wh 类连接词引导的宾语从句 Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid 介词后如果接that从句 要先加上it 再加that从句 即 介词 it that 结构 Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou that不能省略 介词except but besides及in后可接that从句 Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere that不能省略 7 只能使用whether而不能使用if的几种情况 介词后宾语从句用whether 不用if whether引导表语从句和同位语从句 而if则不能 whether后可以加ornot 但是if不可以 在不定式前只能用whether 如 Ican tdecidewhethertostay 我不能决定是否留下 discuss后宾语从句用whether不用if 6 在suggest demand order insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气 即 should 动词原形 Hesuggestedthatwe should setaboutdoingtheworkatonce Iinsistthatshe should doherworkalone Theleaderorderedthatthearmy should setoffatonce Doyouknowif backnextweek Ifhe back pleaseletmeknow A hecomes willcomeB willhecome comesC hewillcome comesD hewillcome willcome 7 连词if和when在不同从句中的区别 Idon tknowwhenhe come Ican twaithereanymore Whenhe come wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme willcome comes 8 连词 宾语从句连词 todo Idon tknowwhatIshalldonext Idon tknowwhattodonext Shedidn tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose Shedidn tdecidewhichonetochoose Pleasetellmewhomyou llgivetheletterto Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto 9 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it这类动词主要有 like hate take owe have seeto Ihateitwhentheyarewiththeirmouthsfulloffood 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话 Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical 他会认为我们的计划确实可行 Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus 我们认为你会同意我们的 Whenyoustarttheengine youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral 开启发动机时 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置 10 宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think believe imagine suppose consider expect fancy guess等 并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来 其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致 Idon tthinkhewillcometomyparty Idon tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim ishe 11 宾语从句不可以省略引导词that的情况 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时 此时第一个that可以省略 第二个that不可以省略 except 介词 后面宾语从句中that不可以省略 宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时 从句中的that不可以省略 it作形式宾语 宾补后宾语从句中的that不省略 Ibelieve that you vedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove Theteacheradvisedusthatweshouldpaymoreattentiontoreadingandwriting WeallbelievedittruethatMr Smithwasn tathief 1 Theshockingnewsmademerealize terribleproblemswewouldface A whatB howC thatD why 2 Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein wedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed A whyB howC whatD which 宾语从句专项练习题 3 We veofferedherthejob butIdon tknow she llacceptit A whereB whatC whetherD which 4 Beforethesalesstart Imakealistof mykidswillneedforthecomingseason A wh