新概念第二册Lesson39课件.ppt

Lesson39AmIallright Vocabulary operationn 1 手术2 运转 经营3 行动 活动Thedoctoradvisedanimmediateoperation operatevi 对 动手术v 运转 操作 经营 successfuladj 成功的successfulin在 成功的Sheisasuccessfulbusinesswoman successn 成功 k nf d ns 信心Confidenceofsuccessisalmostsuccess succeedv She sthetypeofpersonwhosucceedsanywhere followingadj 下一个prep 在 之后 接着第二天thenextday thefollowingday第二个星期thenextweek thefollowingweekpatientn患者 病人Thepatientwasamusedatthemusic adj 有耐心的Enidwasagoodteacher Shewasverypatientwithherpupils patientlyadv aloneadj 独自的alone用作形容词 通常只是表示客观上的一个人 而不表示寂寞或孤独等感情色彩 并且在句中只用作表语 lone用作形容词 表示 孤单的 单独的 无伴的 等 通常只用作定语 alonehouseinthefieldlonely表示 寂寞的 孤寂的 带有较强感情色彩 相当于sadbecauseonelacksfriendsorcompanions 可用来说明人 也可用来说明life days years等 可用作表语或定语 l k 缺少 leavemealone我烦着呢 别理我 leavehimalone让他一个人呆会儿 k m p ni n 同伴 exchangen 交换 调换 兑换 我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的 I dliketoexchangethisdressforoneinasmallersize vt 交流 Theyexchangedexperienceatthemeeting inquirev 询问 打听inquiresthofsb从某人那打听inquireaboutsth询问 查问 打听inquireinto调查 探究inquirefor求见 要找 certainadj 某个some 可数名词单数时表示某个 某一个 certain后面的东西不能定acertainboy twocertainboys某一个acertain n acertainpatient somepatient某两个twocertain n 复数 twocertainpatientforsomereason由于某个理由 callern1 打电话的人2 访问者 探望者Theoperatortoldthecallerthatthelineisbusy Heisoneoftheregularcallershere relativen amemberofyourfamilyMyuncleismynearestrelative WhileJohnGilbertwasinhospital heaskedhisdoctortotellhimwhetherhisoperationhadbeensuccessful butthedoctorrefusedtodoso 当约翰 吉尔伯特住院的时候 他问医生他的手术是否成功 但医生拒绝告诉他 Thefollowingday thepatientaskedforabedsidetelephone 第二天 这位病人要了一部床头电话 Whenhewasalone hetelephonedthehospitalexchangeandaskedforDoctorMillington 当房里只剩他一个人时 他接通了医院的交换台 要求与米灵顿医生讲话 Whenthedoctoransweredthephone Mr Gilbertsaidhewasinquiringaboutacertainpatient aMr JohnGilbert 当这位医生接过电话时 吉尔伯特先生说他想询问一个病人的情况 是一位名叫约翰 吉尔伯特的先生 HeaskedifMr Gilbert soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen 他问吉尔伯特先生的手术中否成功 医生告诉他手术很成功 HethenaskedwhenMr Gilbertwouldbeallowedtogohomeandthedoctortoldhimthathewouldhavetostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks 然后他又问吉尔伯特先生什么时候可以回家 医生说他在医院还必须再住上两个星期 ThenDr Millingtonaskedthecallerifhewasarelativeofthepatient No thepatientanswered IamMr JohnGilbert 之后 米灵顿医生问打电话的人是否是病人的亲属 不是 病人回答说 我就是约翰 吉尔伯特先生 Havemyoperationbeen successful 成功 Heaskedthedoctor totellhim success successfully succeed whether hisoperationhadbeensuccessful beinhospital opetate patient JohnGilbert Thedoctorrefusetodoso Iamsorry Ican ttellyouaboutthat 1 refusetodosth 2 refuse反义词 accept Heaskedforabedsidetelephone abedsidetelephone askfor Thefollowingday bealone lonely 独自的 孤独的 偏僻的 alonelyisland Hehasnofriends sohefeellonely telephone callsb callsbup asksbtodosth MayIspeaktodoctorMillington askfor Thehospitalexchange asksbtonotdosth I minquiringaboutacertainpatient aMr John inquire 询问 打听 Whatdidhesay he inquiringaboutacertainpatient Hesaid was HasMrGilbet soperationbeensuccessful Whatdidheask Heasked Mr Gilbet soperation successful if whether hadbeen Whatdidthedoctortellhim Yes Ithasbeensucceessful ithadbeensuccessful Hetoldhim Whenwillheallowedtogohome Whatdidheask Heasked when he beallowedtogohome would Hewillhavetostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks Thedoctortoldhim he stayinhospitalforanothertwodays Whatdidthedoctortellhim Areyouarelativeofthepatient WhatdidtheDr Millingtonask Heasked he arelativeofthepatient that wouldhaveto was if No IamMr JohnGilbert Whatdidthepatientsayatlast Grammar 直接引语and间接引语在日常交流中 有时我们需要引述别人的话 直接引用别人的原话 放在引号内 就是直接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语 二 直接引语转换成间接引语时 间接引语多为带宾语从句的主从复合句 转移过程应注意下列变化 1 动词间接引语主句动词主要有say ask tell wonder等 如 Hesaidtomum Icandohouseworkforyou Hetoldmumthathecoulddohouseworkforher Shesaidtome Doyoulikemilk SheaskedmeifIlikedmilk 2 句式 连词 陈述句 say that 从句tell sb that 从句Shesaidtome Iwillcamebackanhourago Shetoldme shesaidtome thatshehadcomebackanhourbefore 一般疑问句 ask wonder whether if 从句Shesaid AreyougoinginterestedinEnglish Heask me if whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish 选择疑问句 ask wonder whether or ornotIaskedhim willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight Iaskhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight 反意疑问句 ask wonder whether if 从句 You vealreadygotwell haven tyou sheasked Sheaskedwhether ifhe I hadalreadygotwell 特殊疑问句 ask sb 特殊疑问词 从句Heaskme What syourname 疑问语序 Heaskedmewhatmynamewas 陈述语序 如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中 疑问词做主语或主语的修饰语 则语序不需要变化 Whocananswermyquestion theteachersaidtous Theteacheraskeduswhocouldanswerthequestion Whosepictureisthemostbeautifulinyourclass askedtheboy sfather Theboy sfatheraskedhimwhosepicturewasthemostbeautifulinhisclass 祈使句 ask tell advice sb not todosthsuggestthat 从句Hesaidtome shutthewindow please 肯定句 Heaskmetoshutthewindow Hesaid Don tmakesomuchnoise 否定句 Hetoldusnottomakesomuchnoise Let sgotothecinema Tomsaid 表建议 Tomsuggestedthattheyshouldgotothecinema 感叹句 What或that引导Shesaid Whatalovelydayitis Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday Hesaid Howinterestingthestoryis Shesaidhowinterestingthestorywas Hesaidthatthestorywasinteresting 直接引语为一般疑问句 间接引语用连词whether或if引导 原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked me him us等 语序是陈述句的语序 Hesaid Doyouhaveanydifficultywiththisnewword Heasked me whether ifIhadanydifficultywiththatnewword 间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if Thankyou butwhetherI llbefreeI mnotsureatthemoment whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 是否 在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用 Iwonderif whetherIcangetsomeadvicefromyou 在有些情况下 whether和if的用法有一定区别 1 whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用 而if一般不能 如 Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot 2 当宾语从句提到句首时 只能用whether引导而不能用if 如 Whetheritistrueornot Ican ttell 3 whether可以引导带to的不定式 if则不能 如 我不知道我是接受还是拒绝 Idon tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse 4 whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后 作介词的宾语 但if不能 如 我担心我是否伤害到她的感情 IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings 直接引语转换成间接引语 闯五关 第一关 人称代词与指示代词直接引语变间接引语时 要注意人称代词和指示代词的变化 要根据说话的对象进行人称的变化 并使句子的意思前后一致 如 Youshouldbecarefulnexttime myfathersaidtome MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbecarefulnexttime Tomsaidtome IcanhelpyouwithyourEnglish TomtoldmethathecouldhelpmewithmyEnglish Hesaid Thisbookisn tmine Hesaidthatbookwasn this 人称人称的变化 一主 二宾 三不变 意为在改为间接引语时 直接引语里的第一人称照主句的主语变化 第二人称看主语的宾语而变化 第三人称无需变化 TomsaidtoKate Areyougoingtherewithme TomaskKateifshewasgoingwithhim 第一人称me随主语Tom变化为him 第二人称you随Kate变化为she KatesaidtoTom Areyougoingtherewithme KateaskTomifhewasgoingwithher 第一人称me随主语Kate变化为her 第二人称you随宾语Tom变成he IsaidtoTom Areyougoingtherewithme iaskTomifhewasgoingwithme 第一人称me随主语I变化 第二人称you随Tom变化为he 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语 方向性动词的变化 第二关 引导词1 如果直接引语是陈述句 变成间接引语时 要用连词that来引导 如 Shesaid I mverygladtohavesuchachance Shesaidthatshewasverygladtohavesuchachance 2 如果直接引语是一般疑问句 变成间接引语时 要用连词if或whether引导 如 Heaskedme Doyoulikethefilm Heaskedmeif whetherIlikedthefilm 3 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句 变成间接引语时 要用相应的疑问词引导 如 Mysisteraskedme Whatareyoudoing MysisteraskedmewhatIwasdoing 第三关 时间状语和地点状语直接引语变间接引语时 时间状语和地点状语等要做相应的变化 如把now改为then today改为thatday yesterday改为thedaybefore ago改为before tomorrow改为thenextday here改为there等 Hesaid I llgotheretoday Hesaidthathewouldgotherethatday 注意 如果当地转述 here不必改为there 动词come不用改成go 如果当天转述 yesterday tomorrow也不用改变 Katesaid IwillcomeheretomorrowtohelpthesechildrenwiththeirEnglish KatesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextdaytohelpthosestudentwiththeirEnglish KatesaidthatshewillcomeheretomorrowtohelpthesechildrenwiththeirEnglish 在当天当地转述 第四关 时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时 如果主句为现在 或将来 时态 间接引语的时态不变 如果主句为过去时态 间接引语中的谓语动词也要相应地用过去时态 如 Hesays IamgoingtoBeijingtomorrow HesaysthatheisgoingtoBeijingtomorrow 2 Shesaidtome LiPingwillcometomorrow ShetoldmethatLiPingwouldcomethenextday 温馨提示 如果转述的内容是客观真理时 自然现象或是谚语 格言时态不变 如 Hesaid Waterboilsat100 Hesaidthatwaterboilsat100 主句 直接引语 是一般现在时 间接引语时态不变 主句是一般过去时 间接引语时态要改为相应的过去时 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时 第五关 句子结构的变化直接引语变间接引语时 间接引语要用陈述句的语序 引导词要放在间接引语的最前面 接下来按 主谓宾 顺序排列 即 直接引语转换成间接引语时用陈述语序HeaskedMike Wheredidyougo HeaskedMikewherehehadgone You vealreadygotwell haven tyou sheasked Sheasked A ifIhavealreadygotwell hadn tyouB whetherIhadalreadygotwellC haveIalreadygotwellD hadIalreadygotwell B2 Heasked AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember Heaskedme A amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember C 3 Heasked Howareyougettingalong Heasked A howamIgettingalongB howareyougettingalongC howIwasgettingalongD howwasIgettingalongC4 Heaskedme withme A whatthematterisB whatthematerwasC what sthematterD whatwasthematterD 5 Hesaid Don tdothatagain He me thatagain A saidto nottodoB saidto don tdoC told don tdoD told nottodoD6 Canyoumakesure A thathewillcomeheretodayB whenhewillcomeheretodayC willhecomeheretodayD whetherwillhecomeheretodayA7 Doyouhappentoknow A whereisheraddressB inwhichplaceisheraddressC whatheraddressisD theplaceheraddressisC 8 Excuseme butcanyoutellme A wherecanIgettothelibraryB whereIcangettothelibraryC howcanIgettothelibraryD howIcangettothelibraryD9 Johnaskedme tovisithisuncle sfarmwithhim A howwouldIlikeB ifornotwouldIlikeC whetherIwouldlikeD whichIwouldlikeC10 I dliketoknow Chinese A whenhebegantolearnB whendidhebegintolearnC whendidhebeginlearningD forhowlonghebegantolearnA 直接引语变间接引语 1 人称的转变1 直接引语中的第一人称一般与说话人一致 如 Hesaid Iamverysorry Hesaidthathewasverysorry 2 直接引语中的第二人称转换为与听话人一致 如 Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime myfathertoldme MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime 3 直接引语中的第二人称 如果原话是针对第三人称说的 转换成第三人称 如 Shesaidtoherson I llcheckyourhomeworktonight Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight 4 人称的转换包括人称代词 物主代词和名词性物主代词等 如 Heaskedme Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon 总之 人称的转换不是固定的 具体情况 具体对待 要符合逻辑 2 时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时 主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时 从句 即间接引语部分 的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化 变成过去时范畴的各种时态 实际也是宾语从句的时态要求 变化如下 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时 3 直接引语变成间接引语时 从句时态无须改变的情况1 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候 如 Healwayssays Iamtiredout Healwayssaysthatheistiredout 2 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 如 Hewillsay I lltrymybesttohelpyou Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme 3 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 如 Hesaid Iwenttocollegein1994 Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994 4 当直接引语中有以when while引导的从句 表示过去的时间时 如 Hesaid WhenIwasachild Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool 5 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时 如 Ourteachersaidtous Lighttravelsfasterthansound Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound 6 当引语是谚语 格言时 如 Hesaid Practicemakesperfect Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect 7 当直接引语中有情态动词should would could hadbetter wouldrather might must oughtto usedto need时 如 Sheasked MustItakethemedicine Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine 注 此处用hadto代替must更好8 此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定 不能机械照搬 如果当地转述 here不必改为there 动词come不必改为go 如果当天转述yesterday tomorrow thisafternoon等均不必改变 4 时间状语 地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化 1 时间状语 直接引语 间接引语 now then today thatday tomorrow thenext followingday nextweek thenext followingweek yesterday thedaybefore twodaysago twodaysbefore thisweek month year thatweek month year 2 指示代词 these变成those 3 地点状语 here变成thereShesaid Iwon tcomehereanymore Shesaidthatshewouldn tgothereanymore 4 动词 come变成go bring变成take5 直接引语变间接引语 句子结构的变化1 陈述句 用连词that引导 that在口语中常省略 主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said 也可用told来代替 注意 可以说saidthat saidtosb that toldsb that 不可直接说toldthat 如 Hesaid IhavebeentotheGreatWall HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall Hesaid I llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday 不可说toldthat 2 直接引语为一般疑问句 也称是否疑问句 间接引语用连词whether或if引导 原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked me him us等 语序是陈述句的语序 如 Hesaid Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation Heasked me whether ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation 3 直接引语为选择疑问句 间接引语用whether or 表达 而不用if or 也不用either or 如 Heasked DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench 4 直接引语为特殊疑问句 改成间接引语时 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词 主句的谓语动词用ask sb 来表达 语序改为陈述句语序 如 Heasked What syourname Heasked me whatmynamewas 5 直接引语为祈使句时 改为间接引语 用带to的不定式表达 谓语动词常是ask advise tell warn order request等 如asksb todo 由肯定祈使句变成 asksb nottodo 由否定祈使句转变 并且在不定式短语中的时间状语 地点 状语 人称及时态都作相应的变化 如 Hesaid Beseated please Heaskedustobeseated 6 有些含有 建议 劝告 的祈使句 可用suggest insist