大作文写作基础替换词以及重点词组以及翻译练习.doc

11补充高分词汇5 分词汇6-7 分相应替换词汇goodpositive, favorable, promising, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior, splendid, sound, fantastic, wonderful, fine, nice, of high qualitybadnegative, ill, poor, dreadful, baneful, detrimentalmany, a lot of可数：a (vast) number of, many a (加单数), scores of, dozens of, a multitude of, a great quantity of, a great many, numerous不可数：a vast amount of, plenty of, a great deal of, an amount of, tons ofboth: a host of, an ocean of, a wide range ofsmalllittle, pocket-sized, tinythinkbelieve, consider, deem, reckon, assume, declare, assert, hold the view/opinion that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged thatthingaffair, business, mattermore and moreincreasing/growing number ofhelpfulbeneficial, rewardingteenagerjuvenile, adolescent, minor man/peopleindividuals, commoners, city-dwellers, senior citizen, the human race, humanity, humankindbig citymetropolisthroughin terms of, viaproducegenerate, createchangealter, modify, convert, shift, switch, vary, transformobviousconspicuous, noticeable, manifest, apparentuseemploy, utilize, operate, manipulatelead tocontribute to, conduce to, result in, give rise tostrong point and weak pointmerit and demerit, the upside and the downside, pros and cons, boons and baneshappydelighted, pleased, pleasant, cheerful, glad, agreeable, content, satisfied, joyfulfamous well-known, outstandingwant toplan to, intend to, be inclined to, be likely to dochanceopportunity, alternativemaybeprobablycustomconvention, traditionarouseignite, stimulate, spur, motivatelimit v.hinder, hamper, curb, interfere, restrict, prevent from discourageimportantmain, crucial, vital, essential, significant， pivotal, indispensableoldancientbutnonetheless, neverthelessdevote todedicate toexplaininterpret, illustrateexpectanticipatedestroyimpair, undermine, jeopardize, devastateconsidertake into account, think over, ponderbiasprejudice, discrimination, tendencylargemiraculous, marvelouspersuasiveconvincingeverywhereprevalent a., pervasive a.nowin this day and age, in contemporary society, in present-day societysolveresolve, tackle, combat, figure out, settle, addressdangersrisks, perils, hazardsrich / poorwealthy, affluent / impoverishedpollutioncontaminationcostexpenditure, spending, outlay, expense, consumption carry outconduct, perform, go about补充短语: 1. 从得到好处 benefit from / profit from Kids can benefit/profit from traveling abroad.2. 对有好处exert positive(beneficial, profound) effects(influence) on sth. / be beneficial to / be conducive to / can promote eg: Traveling abroad exerts positive effects on kids. Traveling abroad is conducive to broadening kids horizon. Traveling abroad can broaden kids horizon and promote their confidence. 灵活运用：Riding a bicycle proves physically beneficial. 3. 对有坏处do harm to / be harmful to / bring detrimental effects(influence) on sth. Watching too much TV is harmful to kids eyes. 4. 充分的理由所支持 be supported by sound reasons 5. 充分利用make full use of / take advantage of 6. 完全不同的观点a totally different argument 7. 导致lead to / result in / give rise to / contribute to 8. 激烈的讨论a heated discussion/debate 9. 丰富人的生活，开阔人的眼界enrich ones experience / broaden ones horizonWorking for a period before going to university can greatly enrich students experience. 定期旅游可以丰富孩子的生活,开阔孩子的眼界. 10. 引起广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern / draw public attention11. 让人省钱省时间less time-consuming and more economicalAdvertising makes our shopping experience less time-consuming and more economical. 12. 方便快捷convenient and efficient 确实，使用一次性产品既方便又快捷。It is true that /Admittedly, using disposable products is both convenient and efficient. 13. 适应adapt to / get accustomed to sth. Newly-arrived immigrants must get accustomed to the local culture. 14. 困扰，难住某人puzzle / baffle / bewilder / riddle What baffles scientist today would be tackled in the future. 15. 坚持stick to sth. / insist on sth. / hang on to sth. / persist in doing sth. 执意It is too sentimental if we hang on blindly to traditional foods just for the sake of keeping the tradition. 16. 做某事符合某人的利益sth. is in the best interests of someone Preserving the endangered animals is in the best interests of humanity. 17. 支持前者观点/后者观点support / be in favor of / side with / subscribe to the former view/latter view18. 提出折衷建议put forward / set forth a compromise proposal / propose a suggestion19. 伴随着 is attended byThe development of technology is attended by severe pollution of the ecosystem. 20. 遭受suffer from / be afflicted with In present-day society, a host of countries suffer from / are afflicted with chronic poverty. 上个月,日本遭受了严重的地震. Blizzard/snowstorm earthquake 21. 环保产品environmentally friendly product / eco-friendly product 环保意识 eco-friendly consciousness/awareness 22. 倡导低碳生活advocate low-carbon lifestyle 低碳经济 low-carbon economy 低碳饮食 low-carbon diet energy-saving lamps 节能灯 23. 剥夺某人的 deprive someone of sth. Modern cities deprive city-dwellers of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life. By depriving kids of the right to watch TV, parents are at the risk of creating tension within the family. 24. 可能做事may / tend to / be apt to / be likely to / be prone to Lonely and angry, they are apt to vent their wrath on their unhappy victims. 25. 经调查发现A recent study revealed thatIn a worldwide survey conducted last year, researchers found that A recent study conducted by HSUS and Greenpeace suggested that there were over one million mammals in lab cages last year. HSUS and Greenpeace: 美国仁慈协会和绿色和平组织(Human Society of United States) the Chinese Ministry of Justice: 司法部UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织 (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 26. 上瘾be addicted to sth. In present-day society, many individuals are addicted to various forms of gambling.27. 全神贯注，专注于be preoccupied with 28. 某事是的根源sth. is the root cause of The population explosion is the root cause of water scarcity.29. 起源于stem from Generally speaking, childrens bad behavior stems from imitating their parents. 30. 包括，由组成inculde / consist of / be composed of / be constituted by / comprise 31. 面对be faced with / be confronted with sth. /encounter 遭遇，遇到（尤指困难）In the contemporary society, we are confronted with a host of violent and pornographic TV shows. / We encountered a lot of opposition. 32. 在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life 33. 重视，强调pay attention to / attach great importance to / lay emphasis on / pay heed to A growing number of parents lay emphasis on the early education of their children.Our government will attach great importance to the protection/preservation/ conservation of the endangered species in the future. 34. 在一定程度上to some extent / to some degree / in some way 35. 是的必然趋势is an irresistible trend of That the E-test will replace the paper test is an irresistible trend of technological development. 36. 构成威胁pose a threat toIn the contemporary society, the proliferation of non-biodegradable rubbish poses a threat to humanity. 37. 以为代价at the expense ofWe should not develop economy at the expense of the environment. 38. 日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition Studying abroad is an iresistible trend of . 39. 以为理由去支持或反对support/oppose on the grounds thatSome oppose animal experimentation on the grouds that it is inhuman.40. A比B多 A prevail over (outweigh/outbalance) B The advantages of punishing driving offenders prevail over its disadvantages. 41. A 的数字比B 大 outnumber: Female gamers outnumber boys. The divorce rate in the U.S. outnumbers that in other countries. 42. A 产生 B这个结果A create (bring about/generate/) B breed繁殖，教育/engender产生/spawn 产卵/induce 引起Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economic and cultural arenas. 43. 优先考虑give (top) priority to sth. Our government should give priority to education. Education is a top priority. 教育是当务之急。44. 交流思想exchange ideas, exchange emotions, exchange information Tourists can exchange ideas with local residents. 45. 采取有效措施来take/adopt effective measures to do sth. 46. 把A花在B上dedicate A to B (spend A on B) The government should dedicate more more money to the alleviation of chronic poverty. 47. 容易成为的受害者be vulnerable toWithout proper parental guidance, children are very vulnerable to the violent or pornographic content on TV shows. 48. 充满，充斥着be full of / be flooded with / be rife with / be inundated with sth. The media are inundated with detailed crime coverage which would mislead adolescents. 49. 缓解压力relieve/ease/alleviate stress 50. 无用的，徒劳的useless / in vain / fruitless / futile Any attempts to predict the future will be futile. 51. 用完, 用光run out of Without effecitve measures, we could run out of fresh water in a short time. If we did not take any effective measures, fresh water would be run out in a short time. 52. 灿烂光辉的文化 brilliant and gorgeous culture / time-honoured culture 53. 眼前利益immediate interest / short term interest 长远利益 interest in the long run 54. 身心两方面both physically and mentally/psychologically Overweight/Obese people suffer greatly both physically and mentally. 55. 正如谚语所说as the proverb goes 56. 主要理由列举如下:The main reasons are listed as follows: 57. 把时间和精力放在上focus time and energy on 58. 也不例外be no exception59. 有争议的问题a controversial issue60. 增进相互理解enhance/promote mutual understanding 61. 去其糟粕，取其精华 reject the dross and assimilate the essence 62. 有利有弊Every coin has two sides. / No garden without weeds. /double-edged sword63. 眼见为实Seeing is believing. 64. 有志者，事竞成Where there is a will, there is a way. 65. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子No pain, no gain. 66. 强中自有强中手Diamond cuts diamond. 67. 某人通常会做某事it is standard practice for someone to do sth. In contemporary China, it is standard practice for Chinese youths to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films. 68. 应该someone would be well-advised to do sth. Parents would be well-advised to spend more time with their offspring.69. 某事让A变成了B sth. renders A B We must ensure that technological innovations will not render us slaves to high technology. 70. 需要sth. calls forThe severe ecological problem calls for joint effort of all the nations on the globe. 并列句练习“拆句子”：1. The journey and the stay are (by definition) outside the normal places of residence and work and are of short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time.2. We have tried to isolate some of the key factors that govern service quality, and offer examples of organizations that manage service well and of some that manage it poorly.“合句子”：1. Animals clearly do not feel the same way as humans.2. Scientists are careful to minimize stress in the animals.3. This would damage their research.1. I am convinced that animal testing is necessary.2. I am convinced that it will continue to benefit humans in new ways.3. I am convinced that it will continue to benefit wonderful ways.翻译：1.政府已经尽力去保护文化遗产并制定了严厉的法规来约束人们，然而还是有许多正遭受着严重的破坏。The government has made great efforts to conserve cultural heritage and has made stringent rules to restrict people, yet there are still many being severely damaged.2. 尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out, the information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.3. 作为最大的发展中国家，中国的经济正在飞速发展。在各大主要城市，成千上万的车辆挤满了街道。 As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.4. 当每个人都充分意识到环保的重要性，并采取可行的措施,我坚信我们能享有更干净的环境。 When everyone is fully aware of the significance of environmental protection/ preservation and takes effective measures, I am fully confident that we can enjoy a cleaner environment.5. 朋友及家庭成员都无法说服恐惧症患者(phobic people)，使其相信大多数动物都无害，无数旅行者每天安全地飞行，上百万人每天都多次安全地乘坐电梯。Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely everyday, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.加分句型练习1. 句型多样化with/as:is attended by:-ing: when/because: eg: 随着大量植被让位于房屋和高速公路，土地的破坏程度也日益增加。 并列句 As the growing amount of natural vegetation gives way to / is occupied with houses and highways, the destruction of the land has increased. 简单句 The increasingly more land for houses and highways is attended by the land deterioration/worsening. 分词 Giving way to houses and highways, the land deteriorates day by day. 从句 Because an amount of natural vegetation gives way to houses and highways, the land deteriorates day by day. 2. 倒装no, not, never, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not only, not until, only在句首时，句子要倒装，即将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。eg: Not only should the parents spend more time with their children, they should also try to communicate with their children more often. Only in this way can this issue be effectively solved. I have never seen such a performance. - Never have I seen such a performance. 3. 强调It isthateg: It is the traditions in Beijing that attract many foreign tourists. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a persons personality and dictates how that personality develops. 4. 虚拟语气If this were true, then we would be able to predict the behaviour and character of a person from the moment they were born. 5. There is no one but （没有人不）eg：There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。There is no denying that + S + V .（不可否认的）eg：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 There is no doubt that + 句子（毫无疑问的）eg：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的，我们的教育制度令人不满意。6. 表示最a) Nothingismorethan / Nothingissoas eg: Nothingismorepreciousthantime. b) the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen (known/heard/ had/read, etc) eg：Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. Casillas 卡西利亚斯is the most handsome goalkeeper that I have ever seen. c) Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + Veg：Nothing is more important than to watch World Cup. d) cannot emphasize the importance of too much. 再怎么强调的重要性也不为过eg：We cannot emphasize the importance of preserving the environment too much. Drill:1 人们肆无忌惮的挥霍着地球的资源，却不知道危险正在在临近。并列: Human beings squander/splurge the earth resources unbridledly/ unscrupulously, but they do not know that the risk is approaching. 从句: When human beings squander the earth resources unbridledly, they do not know that the risk is approaching. The humanity, who squander the earth resources unbridledly, do not分词: Squandering the , the humanity简单: The unbridled splurge of the earth resources leads to the coming risk. is attended by: lead to - is attended by2 随着教育费用的快速增长，不少大学生通过兼职来减轻父母的经济负担。With the rapidly increasing education cost, many college students relieve their parents financial burden through taking a part-time job.so that3 尽管孩子喜欢和同龄人一起玩耍，家长还是要多花些时间陪伴孩子。Despite the fact that teenagers prefer to spend time with peers of their own age, parents should accompany them more often. Although teenagersTeenage