千奇百怪的浮游生物ppt课件

Zooplankton uk org uk Planktos drifts ingreek TheirdistributiondependsoncurrentsandgyresCertainzooplanktoncanswimwell butdistributioncontrolledbycurrentpatternsZooplankton allheterotrophicplanktonexceptbacteriaandviruses sizerangefrom2 m heterotrophicflagellates protists uptoseveralmeters jellyfish Herbivorouszooplankton Grazers Nutritionalmodesinzooplankton Herbivores feedprimarilyonphytoplanktonCarnivores feedprimarilyonotherzooplankton animals Detrivores feedprimarilyondeadorganicmatter detritus Omnivores feedonmixeddietofplantsandanimalsanddetritus FeedingmodesinZooplankton FilterfeedersPredators catchindividualparticles FilterFeeder Copepod FilterFeeder Ctenophore Predator ChaetognathArrowWorm LifecyclesinZooplankton Holoplankton spendentirelifeinthewatercolumn pelagic Meroplankton spendonlypartoftheirlifeinthepelagicenvironment mostlylarvalformsofinvertebratesandfishIchthyoplankton fisheggsandfishlarvae Holoplankton CopepodsPlanktoniccrustaceans Barnacles benthicsessilecrustacean whoi edu labs pinedalab Meroplankton Naupliuslarva uk org uk Meroplankton uk org uk Cyprislarva whoi edu labs pinedalab Cyprislarvaandmetamorphosedjuveniles whoi edu labs pinedalab Barnaclepopulationregulation whoi edu labs pinedalab GadidaeGadusmorhua Ichthyoplankton GadidaeGadusmorhua Ichthyoplankton GadidaeGadusmorhua Ichthyoplankton GadidaeAtlanticcodGadusmorhua DemersalAdult Protists Protozooplankton Dinoflagellates heterotrophicrelativestothephototrophicDinophyceae nakedandthecateforms Noctilucamiliaris upto1mmorbigger bioluminescence preyonfisheggmostabundant40 N 40 S DinoflagellatesNoctilucamiliaris ColonialchoanoflagellatesBacteriofages RossSea Foraminifera calcareous alllatitudes Radiolaria spherical amoeboidcellswithsilicacapsule 50 mtoseveralmm contributetosilicaoozesediments feedonbacteria smallphyto andzooplankton coldwateranddeep seaCiliates feedonbacteria phytoplankton HNF nakedformsmoreabundantbuthardtostudy delicate tintinnids sub groupofciliateswithvase likeexternalshellmadeofprotein herbivores Protists Protozooplankton Figure3 21b Radiolarians siliceous lowlatitudes jochemnet de fiu LiveRadiolarian Cnidaria primitivegroupofmetazoans someholoplanktonic othershavebenthisstages carnivorous crustaceans fish longtentaclescarrynematocystsusedtoinjectvenomsintoprey boxjellyfishofAustraliakillshumanswithinminutesMedusae singleorganisms fewmmtoseveralmetersSiphonophores coloniesofanimalswithspecialization feedingpolyps reproductivepolyps swimmingpolyps Physaliaphysalis Portugueseman of war commonintropicalwaters GulfofMexico driftedbythewindandbelongtothepleuston liveontopofwatersurface InvertebrateHoloplankton Cnidaria medusae Cnidaria medusae Cnidaria siphonophora Ctenophores separatephylum donotbelongtoCnidaria transparentorganisms swimmwithfusedcilia nonematocysts preyonzooplankton fisheggs sometimessmallfish importanttofisheriesduetograzingonfisheggsandcompetitionforfishfoodChaetognaths arrowworms carnivorous 4cmPolychaets Tomopterisspp onlyimportantplanktonicgenus InvertebrateHoloplankton Ctenophora combjellies Ctenophora combjellies InvertebrateHoloplankton Mollusca Heteropods smallgroupofpelagicrelativesofsnails snailfootdevelopedintoasingle fin goodeyes visualpredatorsPteropods snailfootdevelopedintopaired wings suspensionfeeder producelargemucousnetstocaptureprey carbonateshellsproducepteropodoozeonseafloor Heteropod PredatesonCtenophores Pteropod mbari org expeditions ProtochordateHoloplankton Appendicularia groupofChordata liveingelatinousballoons house thatareperiodicallyabandoned emptyhousesprovidevaluablecarbonsourceforbacteriaandhelptoformmarinesnow filterfeedersofnanoplanktonSalpsorTunicates groupofChordata mostlywarmwater typicallybarrel form filterfeeders occurinswarms whichcanwipethewatercleanofnanoplankton largefecalbands transportofnano andpicoplanktontodeep sea singleorcolonies Appendicularia PelagicSalps Arthropoda crustaceanzooplankton Cladocera waterfleas sixmarinespecies Podonspp Evadnespp onebrackishwaterspeciesintheBalticSea fastreproductionbyparthenogenesis withoutmalesandeggfertilization andpedogenesis youngembryosinitiateparthenogeneticreproductionbeforehatching Amphipoda lessabundantinpelagicenvironment commongenusThemisto frequentlyfoundonsiphonophores medusae ctenophores salpsEuphausiida krill 15 100mm pronouncedverticalmigration notplanktonsensustrictu visualpredators fastswimmers oftenundersampledbecausetheyescapeplanktonnets importantaspreyforcommercialfish herring mackerel salmon tuna andwhales Antarctica Amphipoda Amphipoda parasitesofgelatinousplankton Euphasids krill Arthropoda crustaceanzooplankton Copepoda mostabundantzooplanktonintheoceans insectsofthesea herbivorous carnivorousandomnivorousspeciesCalanoida mostofmarineplanktonicspeciesCyclopoida mostoffreshwaterplanktonicspeciesHarpacticoida mostlybenthic near bottomspeciesCopepoddevelopment firstsixlarvalstages nauplius pl nauplii followedbysixcopepoditstages CItoCVI Tropicalspeciesdistinctbytheirlongantennaeandsetaeonantennaeandlegs podi Copepods jochemnet de fiu Mollusca clamsandsnailsproduceshelledveligerlarvae ciliatedvelumservesforlocomotionandfoodcollectionCirripedia barnaclesproducenauplii whichturntocyprisEchinodermata seaurchins starfishandseacucumberproducepluteuslarvaeofdifferentshapes whichturnintobrachiolarialarvae starfish metamorphosistoadultisverycomplexPolychaeta brittlewormsandotherwormsproducetrochophoralarvae mostlybarrel shapedwithseveralbandsofcilia CommonMeroplankton Decapoda shrimpsandcrabsproducezo alarvae theyturnintomegalopalarvaeincrabsbeforesettlingtotheseafloorPisces fisheggsandlarvaereferredtoasichthyoplankton fishlarvaeretainpartoftheeggyolkinasackbelowtheirbodyuntilmouthandstomacharefullydeveloped CommonMeroplankton Meroplankton MeroplanktonicLarvae PlanktotrophicFeedinglarvaeLongerPlanktonicDurationTimesHighdispersalpotentialLecithotrophic non feeding Non feedinglarvaeShorterplanktonicDurationTimesLowdispersalpotential pbs org wgbh nova sharks island images veliger jpeg Molluscs MeroplankonicVeligerlarvaePLANKTOTROPHIC VerticalDistribution Epipelagic upper200 300mwatercolumn highdiversity mostlysmallandtransparentorganisms manyherbivoresMesopelagic 300 1000m largerthanepipelagicrelatives largeformsofgelatinouszooplankton jellyfish appendicularians duetolackofwaveaction somelargerspecies krill partlyherbivorouswithnightlymigrationintoepipelagicregimesOxygenMinimumZone 400 800mdepth accumulationoffecalmaterialduetodensitygradient attracthighbacterialgrowth whichinturnattractsmanybacterialandlargergrazers strongrespirat