2020年中考英语语法语法高频考点提升训练 专题6 动词

专题6 动词考点一、动词及其分类分类动词主要功能是充当谓语，用来表示主语做什么（即行为动词），或表示主语是什么或怎么样（即状态动词）的词，例如：the boy runs fast.（这个男孩跑得快。）runs表示主语的行为he is a boy.（他是个男孩。）is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态动词系动词情态动助动词实义动系动词+表语情态动+动词原形助动词+动词原形独立充当谓语充当谓语动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类，即连系动词、情态动词、助动词和行为动词（也称实义动词）。考点二、系动词的用法连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。连系动词可具体分为三类：1、表示“是”的动词be。它在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式。如：he was a soldier two years ago.（两年前他是个士兵。）we are chinese.（我们是中国人。）2、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如become, get, grow, turn,都解释为“变”、“变得”，例如：she became a college student.（她成了一名大学生。）he feels sick. his face turns white.（他感到不舒服，他的脸色变苍白了。）3、表示“感觉”的词，如look（看起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来）等，例如：the story sounds interesting.（这个故事听起来很有趣。）the flowers smell sweet.（这些花闻起来很香。）系动词be动词“保持”“变化”感官动词be+adv.+adj“如何是”become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,staylook,sound,taste,smell,feel常接形容词作表语主谓一致考点三、情态动词的用法这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思。构成疑问句时，通常放在主语前面；构成否定句时，not放在这些情态动词之后。可用它们的缩写形式（cant, cannot, mustnt等）。例如：i can dance.（我会跳舞。）can,能,会he cant walk because he is a baby.（因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。）cant,不必may i come in？（我可以进来吗？）may,可以情态动词意思答语表示推测may答语:肯定certainly./sure./yes,you can.否定sorry, but you cant/mustnt“一定”must“必须” must i？yes, you must.no, you neednt/dont have to.“不得不” do i have to.? yes, you must. no, you neednt/dont have to.“需要”实义动词：not need to do sth. 情态动词：neednt do sth.would you like to do?答语“id like to” “id like to, but.”had better “最好(不)做某事”youd better do/youd better not do “可能”may,might,could“不可能”cant考点四、助动词助动词狭义概念：“赠送的”扩展概念：“自带的”do,does,did凡谓语由两部分构成之前者句型操作及答语实义动词身份助动词身份/强调功能这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，例如：he does not speak english well.（他英语讲得不好。）句中的does是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与not一起构成否定形式。did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?（他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗？）句中的did是助动词，既表示一般过去时，又和动词have一起构成疑问。考点五、实义动词实义动词时态语态名称被动：be+done及物动词必须跟宾语不及物动词不直跟宾语谓动一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时do/doesdidbe+doingwas/were+doingwill+dowould+dohave/has+donehad+done一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时含情态动词选项有无被动只需考虑时态该而不:感官发生实现出版使役动词正常不带to被动则带意思需要时间标志意思平时经常做某次过去做现在正在做过去正在做现在将要做过去将要做到现在已做到过去已做实义动词又叫行为动词，是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语，有人称、数和时态的相应变化。例如：i live inbeijingwith my mother.（我和我妈妈住在北京。）live，住it has a round face.（它有一张圆脸。）has，有考点六、动词词形变化动词在句子中充当谓语的同时，随着时态或语态的变化，也有自己的特有变化。动词词形变化第三人称单数现在分词+ss,x,sh,ch,o+es辅+yi+es不规则+ing去e+ing双写+ing+ed辅+yi+ed双写+ed不规则辅元辅，且重读，不忘双写尾字母（除组合外）过去式、过去分词iey+ing考点七、非谓语动词及其应用。非谓语动词作主语被视为单数现在分词doing过去分词done不定式to do作主语常被形式主语it代替作主语have sth. done使被判定:后有谓动be doing“正在做”作表语be+to do “是做”作宾语be done“被做”被形式宾语it代替作宾语省to或不省作宾补要后置，省介否作定语表目的，原因作状语宾从省略式疑问词+to do一、选择填空1.there_lots of people at the restaurant when i got there. a.is b.was c.are d.were2.you _ eat the soup if you dont like it. a.shouldnt b.mustnt c.neednt d.cant3.this sentence _ right. please write it down.a.feels b.sounds c.tastes d.smells4.my sister wants a new dress. she _ it to the party.a.wears b.has worn c.wore d.is going to wear5.i didnt hear you because i _ the news on the radio.a.listen to b.am listening to c.listened to d.was listening to6.i _ my homework, i guess i cant join you.a.dont finish b.didnt finish c.havent finished d.wont finish7.-whose is the pencil box?-it _ be toms. look at his name on the cover!a. canb. mayc. mustd. need8. _ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.a. to findb. findc. to writed. write9. the clothing store _ a sale. the clothes there are very cheap.a. hasb. hadc. is havingd. was having10. miss zhang, the most beautiful teacher, _ many flowers these days.a. receivedb. will receive c. was receivingd. has received11. your sweater looks smart. where _ you _ it?a. do, get b. did, getc. will, getd. have, got12.we often hear her after class.a.sing b.to sing c.sings d.sang13. do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? yes, you _.a. must b. can c. may d. need14. id like you _ for a picnic with us.a. go b. to go c. going d. went15. hong kong_ to be a good place for eating today.a. knows b. knew c. is known d. was known2、 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1. nancy often goes_ (swim) with her friends in summer2.i want _ (go) to the shop.3.the little girl likes _ (play) basketball. she_ (play) on the playground now.4.the teacher _ (go) to school on foot every day.5.lets _ (speak) english.6.-_ the man _ (open) the window? -no, he isnt. he is _ (close) the window.7. i _ (lend) her some cds the day before yesterday。8. im sorry _ (wake) you up.9.would you please_(not play) with the chalk?10.youd better_(pass) this book to her.三、根据所给汉语或首字母提示写出下列句中所缺的名词1 look! a little girl _ (游泳) in the river(河).2.i dont have any pens. i think she _ (有) some.3.dont _ (读) your books. please _ (听) to me now.4.can you help me _ (搬运) the box?5.can i _ (借) your bike?6.do you like _ (看电视)?7. my parents are busy _ (为做准备) the visitors.8.i think youd better not _ (出去) alone at night.9. do you mind my _ (听音乐)? -never mind. 10.i am afraid of _(游泳), but tom often _(教) me_(游泳).11.what about _ (坐) here ? ok , let me _ (坐) here.12.tomorrow _ (是) my birthday. i want _ (举行) a birthday party . would you _ (来) to my party?13. he mustnt _ (停放) his car here . _ (看) at the sign no parking.14.you need _ (穿戴) warm clothes in winter.15.who _(教) you english last term?四、词语运用阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。say, do , work , believe, may, watch, see, be, think, eatcan animals be made to work for us ? some scientists _1_ that one day animals _2_ be taught to do a number of simple jobs .they _3_ that in a film or on tv we may _4_ elephants, monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing a lot of things .if you _5_ carefully , you may find that those animals are given something to eat in return for _6_ them. the scientists say that many different animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they will get something _7_. of course, as we know , dogs can be used to guard a house ,and elephants can be used to do some heavy jobs. and we can also teach animals _8_ in factories. apes ,for example have _9_ used in america to help make cars and scientists _10_ that these monkeys may one day get in crops and even drive trains .五、完形填空mrs. green lives in the country, and she _1_ know london very well. one day, she goes to london, but she 2 find her way. just then, she 3 a man near the bus stop. “ i can ask him the way. ” she 4 . then she goes over to the man and asks，“ excuse me, will you please 5 me the way to king street?” but the man doesnt say anything. he 6 cuba. he doesnt 7 english. he comes to london for a 8 . he takes out a book and 9 something on it. then he 10 it to mrs. green,“sorry, i cant speak english.”( )1. a. doesb. doesntc. dod. dont( )2. a. mayb. may notc. cantd. can( )3. a. looks atb. watchesc. seesd. looks(