2020年中考英语语法语法高频考点提升训练 专题5 数词和冠词

专题5冠词和数词考点一、不定冠词的用法。不定冠词用a还是an由后面一个词的首音决定。以元音开头的词前用an，以辅音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）开头的词前用a。1.a和an均用在单数可数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。如：a dictionary is a useful book.；an underground train can start and stop quickly.2.指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。如：this is a book.； he used to be an engineer.3泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：a boy is waiting for me.；give me a pen, please.4.表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：behind the house there is a garden.；once a week.5.用于某些固定词组中，如：a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry等。考点二、定冠词的用法。1.指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：open the door, please.；go and close the window.2.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，如：the girl in red is my sister.；the book on the desk is mine.3.指前面提到过的人或事物，如：here is a picture of a modern car factory. my father works in the factory.4.表示世界上独一无二的事。如：the sun; the moon; the sky等。5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前,以及在方位词前。如：the nile is the longest river in the world.he won the first prize.；the sun rises in the east.6.用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事物，如：the rich, the sick, the new，the false等。7.用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某一家人”，“某某夫妇。如：the lis, the zhangs等。8.在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：the north china plain，the rocky mountains，the yangtse river等。10.用于演奏的乐器之前。如：playthe(violinguitarerfupianoltrumpet.music)11.用在某些专用名词前，如：the great wall，the peoples republic of china等。12.在一些用语中，如：in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way等。考点三、不用冠词的情况1.专有名词人名，地名，节日，月份，年份，星期和不可数名词。2.球类，棋类，语言，三餐，游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。3.名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, no, each, every等代词作定语时，不用冠词。4.在表示家庭成员名称，称呼语，表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。5.表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。考点四、数词的词形。（1）在1-12中，1-12为基数词中的数词；序数词1-3为特殊变化，序数词4-12在基数词词尾加-th。注意 fifth (第五)；ninth (第九)和 twelfth (第十二)的特殊拼写。（2）在13-19中，13-19基数词在数词3-9后加-teen构成。其中13 和15 发生拼写变化 ：thirteen 和 fifteen ，相应序数词在基数词后加-th构成。13-19岁的少年用teens (in ones teens在某人十多岁时)。（3）在20-90整十位数，在基数词2-9之后加-ty构成。其中20、30、40、50拼法特殊。在构成相应的序数词时，将词尾y变i，再加-eth。表示二十多岁等用twenty 等的复数twenties (in ones twenties 在某人二十多岁时)。（4）两位数之间的数，由十位数加个位数构成，中间用连字符。构成序数词时，连字符前为基数词，后为序数词。如：二十五 twenty-five; 第九十九 ninety-ninth.（5）100以上数词,整百位数由1-9加 hundred构成，序数词在词尾加-th；整千位数由1-9加thousand构成，序数词在词尾加-th。在百位和个位之间须加and,如：141 one hundred and forty-one；1201 one thousand two hundred and one ，构成序数词只将最后一个数变成序数词。考点五、基数词及其用法。1.表示一个具体数字。(o 念作 /o /或 zero) 此时，hundred, thousand, million, billion一律不用复数（在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数）；2.电话号码（62083338）；3.事物表示编号顺序 (名词在前，如：room 303; world war two)；4.货币 (100 dollars)；5.度量 (50 kilos)；6.小数 (2.5 meters)；7.表示几十岁， 例如：he died still in his forties；8.表示年代，用 in +the +数词复。考点六、序数词及其用法。1.序数词表示顺序，意思是“第几”。前面要加定冠词，例如：the first truck is carrying a foot baskets。2.序数词前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”的意思，例如：i have to do it a second time。3.表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：three fourths, one second, two fifths.4.表示“日期”如：august 5th；may 1st.注意:较为容易拼写错误的序数词及其缩写形式：one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth。缩写形式：first1st second2nd third3rdfourth4th twenty-second22nd一、单项填空。1.its time for dinner. kings are at table.a. /,the b. the, the c. the,/ d./,/ 2.what do you usually have for breakfast?i often have bread and milk.a./,/ b./,the c. a,/ d. the, the 3.dont give up, try for second twice.a. the b. a c./ d. an 4.would you go for walk with me after supper?a. the,/ b. a,/ c./,the d./,a 5.there isnt water or air on the moon, and man cant live on it.a. a b. the c. one d./ 6. more you read english, better youll learn.a. the, the b./,/ c. a, a d. the, a 7.more college graduates would like to work in west part of our country next year.a. the, the b./,/ c./,the d. the,/ 8.he hit his sister in face.a. the b. her c. d. his 9. john lives on floor.a.twenty b. twentieth c. the twentieth d. the twentyth 10.-how many workers are there in your factory? -there are two _. a. hundreds b. hundred c. hundred of d. hundreds of11.about _ students in our class can describe that place in english. a. three-fifths b. three-fifth c. third-five d. third-fifths12.-can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? -yes, it is _. a. 856620 b. 85626 c. 58662 d. 5862613.when was the prc founded? it was founded on _. a. july 1, 1921 b. october 1, 1949 c. august 1, 1927 d. may 1, 192214._ chinese are looking for ways to learn english well before beijing 2008 olympics. a. thousand b. thousands c. thousand of d. thousands of15.mr zhang teaches at middle school.a. a no.5 b.no.5 c. the no.5th d.5th no 二、在必要的地方用适当的冠词(a, an, the,/)填空。 1.theres “u” and “s” in word “use”.2.oh, i saw old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. maybe she is.3. the next morning, she went to school without breakfast.4.i caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.5. is your pen black one? i think i saw it somewhere.6.im going to see my mother. she is ill in hospital.7.we have three meals day. we have breakfast at 6:30 in morning. 8.tina, could you please play piano for me while im singing？9.what is most useful invention in the 20th century?10. can you see one-eyed cow in field? 三、用适当的数词形式填空。 1.we will have a _ (two-month/two-months) holiday after the exam. 2._ _(thousand of/thousands of) trees are cut down in the forests every year.3. im very hungry, i have eaten two cakes, would you please give me (a third/the third) one?4. (three fourth/ three fourths)of the land in the world is covered by water.5.he has worked on the farm for (two and half/ two and a half)years.6.xiao mao and da mao are in (team four/four team).7.we all think that the _ (twenty-first/twentieth-first) century will bring us more hopes.8.both of the two rulers are broken. i want to buy a _(three/third) one.9.i heard the sports meeting has been put off until _(the 3rd and 4th/ four and five), hasnt it?10. _ (two-third/ two-thirds)is of the earth is made up of oceans.四、词语运用根据需要在短文空格中填入适当的冠词（a/ an/ the/x）on fine morning in may, my classmates and i went to visit university. it is one of biggest universities in our city. we saw students of university were studying. we talked with old professor .he told us a lot about his university. at half past ten we said goodbye to professor of university and came back to school. we had a good time that day because we learned a lot from visit.五、完形填空do you have a plan for your future? our country has its plan. it sells what china hopes to do in next _1_ years.the plan promises higher pay, better education and less pollution by _2_. if the promises all come true, chinese peoples life will change_3_ lot.according to the plan, _4_people in the country will benefit a lot. for example, _5_ government will offer safe drinking water to _6_ countryside people in 2010. _7_ of broad roads will be built to connect all towns and villages. so millions of people living in _8_ villages will soon drink running water instead of dirty well water.as the plan describe, china will make steps forward in _9_science. china spacemen will land on the earth. china might build its own big planes. if you go to university by air in 2010, you will probably find that _10_ plane is not from boeing (波音) or air bus. its made in china.( )