2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题7I、J、K字部.docx

2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题七 I、J、K字部1. illadj.生病的，有病的关联词组：fall ill生病；feel ill感到不适；seriously/badly ill病重ill和sick的区别：表示“生病的”意义时，ill通常只作表语，跟在系动词后面，例如be/become/get/look/seem ill；表示“生病的”意义时，sick可作表语，也可作定语，例如：A vet helps sick pets and other animals.兽医帮助生病的宠物和别的动物。词性转换：illness=sickness n.疾病（2019，浙江卷，完形）_2_, their economic(经济的) situation changed when she became ill with laryngitis(喉炎) in 1894.2. A. AlthoughB. SoC. HoweverD. Besides2. imaginev.想象；设想imagine + 名词或代词：The house was just as she had imagined it.这房子正是她所想象的。imagine + that/wh-从句（that可省略），表示“胡乱猜想；认为”：Close your eyes and imagine (that) you are in a forest.闭上眼睛，设想自己在森林里。imagine + doing 想象做某事：Imagine doing a horrible job like that!想象一下做那种可怕的工作吧！imagine sb./sth. (to be)：The boy imagined himself (to be) a pilot.那个男孩想象自己是一名飞行员。词性转换：imagination n.想象；imaginative adj.富有想象力的；imaginable adj.想象得到的；可想象的（2019，浙江卷，阅读B）But most people in the world live in fear of things that they imagine.3. immediatelyadv.立刻，立即用法：immediately常常和一些词搭配使用，比如：immediately after/following在之后立即；immediately before在之前立即；immediately behind/above/below/in front of sth.后面/上面/下面/前面紧挨着：the seat immediately behind the driver驾驶员正后方的那个座位词性转换：immediate adj.立刻的，直接的同义词：immediately=at once=right away（2019，浙江卷，单项填空）5.Betty felt so tired last night that she _ fell asleep in bed after lying down.A. recentlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. immediately4. importantadj.重要的关联词组：play an important role起到重要作用 用法：important后面可接介词for/to，表示“对很重要”；常用语It is important (for sb.) to do sth.结构，表示“（对来说）做某事很重要”：It is important to follow the doctors advice.词性转换：importance n.重要性，价值；importantly adv.重要地（2019，山东卷，阅读B）So the family set out for Mongolia, where horses have been important for long.5. improvev.改进，改善，提高；变得更好用法：improve可作及物动词，后接名词或代词作宾语；也可作不及物动词，后面接状语成分：Many wines improve with age (= get better as they get older ).很多葡萄酒年代越久越香醇。词性转换：improvement n.改进，改善，提高；improved adj.改良的，改进过的：improved technology（2019，山东卷，词汇运用）50. Keeping English _ (日记) is a good way to improve English.6. includev.包括，包含include接动词的话，要接doing sth：Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone.你的职责是打信件和接电话。include A in/on B把A列入B的一部分，把A算入B：You should include some examples in your article.你应该在文章里举一些例子。常用including的形式，引出需要罗列的宾语：Hundreds were killed, including many women and children.数百人被杀，包括许多妇女和儿童。词性转换：inclusion n.包含；内含物；inclusive adj.包括的，包含的反义词：exclude v.不包括，排除（2019，江苏卷，填空） 49. There (be) many things to enjoy about traveling, including the natural beauty and delicious food.7. increasev.（使）增加；增长；n.增加，增长动词用法：increase可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。常用结构有：increase (sth.) (from A) (to B)，指“增加到”，表示结果；increase (sth.) (by sth.)，指“增加了”，表示幅度。例如：The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.人口已从120万增加到了180万。The population has increased by 0.6 million.人口已增加到了60万。名词用法：increase作名词时，常用结构有：an increase in sth.在某方面增长：an increase in population在人口方面增长；on the increase正在增加（增长）：Chinas population is on the increase.中国的人口正在增长。词性转换：increasing adj.越来越多的；渐增的：an increasing number of越来越多的反义词：decrease v.下降（2019，北京卷，阅读C）This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand (增加) our experience of time.8. industryn.工业，行业，产业关联词组：food/car/paper industry食品/汽车/造纸工业；heavy/light industry重/轻工业；service industry服务行业词性转换：industrial adj.工业的，产业的；industrialize=industrialise v.使/实现工业化（2019，北京卷，阅读D）When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget.9. influencev.&n.影响（力）名词用法：influence常搭配的介词有on/upon/over，表示对有影响；常搭配的动词有have；常搭配的形容词有big/great/good/bad/positive/negative/strong等。例如：Television can have a positive influence on young people.电视能对青年人产生积极的影响。词性转换：influential adj.有影响力的；有势力的；influentially adv.有影响地（2019，山东卷，阅读B）But Rupert faced the greatest challenge of his life when, at the age of two, Rowan was diagnosed (诊断) with an illness that influenced his ability to communicate with others.10. informationn.信息，消息关联词组：information technology=I.T.信息技术；personal information个人信息；for information only仅供参考；information desk问讯处用法：information是不可数名词，可用a piece of information表示“一条消息，一则信息”；在使用information的语境中，常用到for more/further information的句式，例如：For more information, please write to us.欲知更多信息，请写信给我们。词性转换：informational adj.信息的；情报的（2019，北京卷，阅读C）The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.11. insistv.坚持；坚持认为 insist+ that从句：Mike insisted that he was right.迈克坚决认为自己是对的。insist on/upon (doing) sth.：He insisted upon checking everything himself.他坚持要亲自检查一切。（2019，北京卷，完形）It was obvious who would _17_ .17. A. insistB. returnC. waitD. win12. insteadadv.代替，顶替；反而instead表示“替代”：He is too busy, let me go instead.他太忙了，让我去吧；instead表示“反而，却”，构成转折：He didnt give John the money, but he gave it to me instead.他没把钱给约翰，却给了我；instead可以和of组成instead of结构，表示“代替，替代”，后面需要接宾语：Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。（2019，江苏卷，完形）For the first few months I chose to eat in Sichuan Or Hunan style restaurants instead of eating much _16_ food.16. A. freshB. localC. ChineseD. frozen13. instructionn. 说明，须知；教导关联词组：operation instructions操作说明；常用复数instructions，表示“（用法）说明，指南”，常见搭配为instruction on (how to do) sth.：Are there any instructions on how to plant the trees?有没有植树指南？instructions还可表示“命令，指示”，相当于orders：Make sure you carry out the doctors instructions.你一定要遵照医生的嘱咐。instruction也可作不可数名词，表示“教导，指导，训练”：The school gives instruction in first aid.这所学校教授急救课。词性转换：instruct v.指导；命令；instructor n.指导者；导师；instructive adj.有益的；教育性的（2019，浙江卷，单项填空）7.The instructions tell us everything _ about how to make the model ship.A. by handB. by chanceC. in detailD. in person14. intentionn.目的，意图关联词组：with good intentions好心，好意地；without intention无意地，非故意地；real intention真实意图用法：常见搭配有have no/every intention of doing sth.：I have no intention of retiring just yet.我现在还没打算退休。intention to do sth.：It is our intention to be the number one distributor of health products.我们的目标是成为保健产品第一大批发商。词性转换：intentional adj.故意的，蓄意的；intentionally adv.故（有）意地；intend v.打算，想要：intend to do sth.打算做某事同义词：purpose n.目的，意图；goal n.目标；进球（2019，浙江卷，阅读D）Once a person ever offered four francs for Millets Angelus, which he intended to sell for eight.15. interestn.兴趣，趣味；利益；利息关联词组：place of interest名胜古迹，好玩的地方；with (great) interest兴致勃勃用法：interest表示“兴趣，趣味”时，常和介词in搭配，表示在方面的兴趣。常见动词搭配有：have/show/express (an) interest in sth.有/表现出兴趣；lose (all/ones) interest in sth.失去兴趣。熟词僻义：interest还有另外两层含义：一是“利益”，常用短语有public interest公共利益；in ones own interests为了某人（自己）的利益；二是“利息”，常用搭配有interest rate利率。词性转换：interesting adj.“有趣的，引起兴趣的”，用于形容人或物的特征；interested adj.“感兴趣的”，用于形容人的感受。试比较：My mum is quite interested in that interesting TV show.我妈妈对那档有趣的电视节目相当感兴趣。（2019，山东卷，阅读表达A）My closest friend, Kim, has lost interest in school and studying.16. internationaladj.国际的关联词组：international trade国际贸易；international organization国际组织（机构）；international airport国际机场；international market国际市场词性转换：internationally adv.国际性地；在国际间：internationally famous国际知名；internationalis(z)e v.（使）国际化；internationalis(z)ation n.国际化（2019，浙江卷，阅读填空）8. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago.A. set up B.is set up C. was set up D. will be set up17. interviewv&t.采访；会见；面试关联词组：job interview求职面试；radio/television interview电台/电视采访用法：interview作名词时，常用于an interview for sth.；an interview with sb.；作动词时，常用于interview sb. for sth.或interview sb. about sth.；词性转换：interviewee n.被接见者；被访问者；interviewer n.会见者；面谈者；进行面试者（2019，江苏卷，阅读B）For the topics of our newspaper next month we visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10 and interviewed some students.18. introducev.介绍；引进 用法：introduce可表示“介绍”，常见搭配有：introduce A to B；introduce oneself to sb.；还可以表示“引进，推行”，通常用于introduce sth. to/into sth.结构：We want to introduce the latest technology into schools.我们想向各学校推介最新的技术。词性转换：introduction n.介绍；引进（2019年，浙江卷，阅读B）32. This passage introduces _.A. an exercise to improve our fitnessB. an exercise to gain self-confidenceC. a way to keep balance when we jumpD. a way to avoid accidents when exercising19. invitev.邀请，招待用法：invite的常见搭配有：invite sb. to sth.邀请某人参加；invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事；invite sb. for sth.请某人吃/喝。例如：invite me to a party请我参加聚会；invite me to take part in a party请我参加聚会；invite me for a drink请我喝一杯词性转换：invitation n.邀请，请帖：invitation letter邀请函；by invitation凭请帖（2019年，江苏卷，完形）The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be 25 every time the song was part of a commercial (商业的) production.25.A. paidB. praisedC. invitedD. warned20. joinv.参加；加入；连接关联词组：join hands with同携手，同联合 表示加入（团体、组织、参军），成为其中的一个成员：join the club/army加入俱乐部/参军表示邀请某人一起加入：Will you join us for dinner?请你和我们一起吃饭好吗？用join in表示参加某些活动：Many people join in the game every year.每年许多人参加这项比赛。（2019年，江苏卷，阅读D）If you really want to do more sport, you can join a club.21.joyn.欢乐，高兴，乐趣 关联词组：with joy高兴地；tears of joy高兴的泪水，喜极而泣用法：joy常搭配的结构有：the joy of (doing) sth.（做）的喜悦；be filled with/be full of joy充满欢乐词性转换：joyful adj.欢喜的，令人高兴的；joyfully adv.高兴地，喜悦地同义词：happiness, enjoyment, pleasure, fun（2019年，浙江卷，阅读C）The king was wild with joy. He ran around his palace and touched everything he saw.22.keepv.保持；保留；继续词形变化：过去式kept，过去分词kept关联词组：keep up with赶得上；keep in touch with与保持联系；keep pace with与并驾齐驱，保持同步；keep sth. in mind记住；keep an eye on sth.照看，留意keep用作系动词，相当于stay，意为“（使）保持，（使）处于（某种状态）”，后面主要接形容词等表语成分。例如：keep (sb.) warm/safe/awake保持（某人）暖和/安全/清醒。keep用作实义动词，主要有以下几个意思：表示“继续，重复”，常用结构为keep (on) doing sth.继续做某事表示“保留，留存；存放”：keep the change不要找（零）了；keep sth. in a safe place把放在安全之处表示“遵守，保守”：keep the secrete保守秘密；keep your promise遵守诺言表示“记录”：keep a diary记日记（2019年，江苏卷，单项填空）3.- Keep quiet! I need complete_ when Im working.-Sorry dad. I wont make any noise again.A. trustB. silenceC. controlD. strength23.keyn.钥匙；答案；键；关键；adj.关键的，重要的key作名词时，常表示以下几个意思：“钥匙”：car keys车钥匙；“（计算机的）键”：press the return key按回车键；“答案”：the key to the questions问题的答案；“关键，重点”：the key to success成功的关键key还可以作形容词，相当于important，意为“关键的，重要的”：key word关键字；key point要点；your help is key to my success.你的支持是我成功的关键。关联单词：keyboard n.键盘（2019年，浙江卷，阅读B）22. What does the writer try to tell us?A. Buying new things can make people happy.B. The key to happiness is making others happy.C. If you