2020年中考英语热点专题突破训练十阅读理解.docx

热点10 阅读理解（建议用时：30分钟）【命题趋势】中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。【满分技巧】1.主旨题 解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。2. 细节题 解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。3. 推断题 解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。4.猜测词义题 解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。【热点话题】 阅读理解热衷话题有：旅游、环保、故事、广告类等。【限时检测】A（2019 湖北省黄石市）话题：垃圾分类难度：建议用时：6分 Im sure you all know how important recycling is. Recycling is when you take old things and turn them into new things. It sounds like magic. But its actually very scientific. MaterialThe first thing you have to do is to collect items that can be recycled. Only certain materials can be recycled. These include things made out of paper, metal, glass and plastic.Daily thingsCan you think of everyday items made of these materials? Soda cans are good example. They are made out of metal. Magazines and newspaper are made out of paper. So are cereal boxes. Some bottles of juice are made out of glass. Bags and yogurt containers are made out of plastic. There are many things that can be recycled. LoopThese things are usually stamped with the recycling loop. It has 3 arrows that go in a triangular( 三角形) circle. This shows that cycle(循环) continues. Items are thrown away but continue their lives as something else.Process Lets go back to the process of recycling. The items are put in a recycling bin.A truck carries the items to a recycling plant. The materials are separated and squashed（被压扁成） into square cubes. Companies buy and turn them into new products.1. What is recycling according to the passage?A. Its a magic performance.B. Its a way of burning old things.C. Its a way to make old things useful.D. Its a scientific research.2. Which material is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rubber.B. MetalC. Glass.D. Plastic.3. You can put your old things into a recycling bin except .A. soda cansB. magazinesC. cereal boxesD. all bottles4. The 3 arrows shows that the items .A. have some valuable stampsB. are in a triangle circleC. are recycled and reusedD. are thrown away5. The passage is mainly about .A. recyclable materialsB. recyclable daily thingsC. the recycling processD. recycling in a scientific way【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述循环利用的重要性，并要以科学的方法进行循环利用。包括日常生活中哪些材料可以循环利用、循环利用的标示以及循环利用的过程。1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Recycling is when you take old things and turn them into new things回收就是把旧的东西变成新的东西可知，是一个让旧的东西有用的方法，故选C。2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Only certain materials can be recycled. These include things made out of paper, metal, glass and plastic可知，文中提到了纸、金属、玻璃和塑料，并未提到橡胶，故选A。3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Soda cans are good example. They are made out of metal. Magazines and newspaper are made out of paper. So are cereal boxes. Some bottles of juice are made out of glass可知，汽水罐就是一个很好的例子。它们是由金属制成的。杂志和报纸是用纸做的。麦片盒也是如此。有些果汁瓶是由玻璃制成的，所以汽水罐、杂志、麦片盒都可以放到循环利用的垃圾箱里，有些果汁瓶也可以，而不是所有的果汁瓶，故选D。4. C【解析】细节理解题。根据It has 3 arrows that go in a triangular( 三角形) circle. This shows that cycle(循环) continues. Items are thrown away but continue their lives as something else可知，它有三个箭头。这表明这种循环还在继续。物品会被扔掉，但它们会作为其他东西继续存在，所以三个箭头表示东西可以被回收，可以被再一次使用，故选C。5. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据It sounds like magic. But its actually very scientific以及下文可知，以一个科学的方式进行回收利用，故选D。B(2019 四川省广安市) 话题：广告类难度：建议用时：6分Sunshine ClubFor young people from 12 to 18 years oldInclude games, music, dancing and more.Every Saturday: 6:30 am9:30 pm 28 Oxford Street, LondonTel: 76239652 Price: Just 3 a timeCartoon MuseumCome and see the best of British cartoon art. There is something for everyone, including popular cartoon characters and a great shop full of funny books and cards.Price: freeOpening times: TuesdaySaturday 10:30 am5:30 pm Sunday 11:00 am6:00 pmTel: 65235873Coxs HotelTel: 87058366 E-mail:infocoxshotel.co.uk Website: www.coxshotel.co.ukOpening times: Coffee shop: 9:00 am6:00 pm Every day Tea room:10:30 am5:30 pm MondayThursday Pub(小酒吧):8:00 pm11:30 pm FridaySaturdayHamilton ZooOver 600 animals: tigers, pandasOpening hours: 9:00 am5:00 pm MondaySunday An adult: 15 A child (under 12 years old): 10Tel: 236536921. If Mary wants to join the Sunshine Club, she can call _.A. 87058366B. 23653692C. 65235873D. 762396522. Which of the following people can join the Sunshine Club?A. A 10-year-old kid.B. A 14-year-old kid.C. A 19-year-old man.D. A 30-year-old woman.3. Where can we get funny cards?A. In the Cartoon MuseumB. At Coxs HotelC. In the Sunshine ClubD. In the Hamilton Zoo4. Which is the right time to go to the pub at Coxs Hotel?A. 9:00 am6:00 pm on FridayB. 8:30 pm11:30 pm on FridayC. 8:00 am11:30 pm on SaturdayD. 8:00 pm11:30 pm on Thursday5. If Jim and his 5-year-old son want to the Hamilton Zoo, they should pay _.A. 10B. 15C. 25D. 4【文章大意】本文介绍了四篇信息。第一篇为一则俱乐部的广告。本俱乐部为12岁到18岁的孩子开放。信息中包括开放时间、地址、电话和俱乐部的内容。第二篇为卡通博物馆的广告。第三篇为考克斯酒店的广告。第四篇为汉密尔顿动物园的广告。1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Sunshine Club Tel: 76239652 阳光俱乐部电话：76239652 可知，故选D。2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据For young people from 12 to 18 years old. Include games, music, dancing and more. 适合12至18岁的年轻人，包括游戏、音乐、舞蹈等。可知，故选B。3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Cartoon Museum Come and see the best of British cartoon art. There is something for everyone, including popular cartoon characters and a great shop full of funny books and cards. 卡通博物馆 。来看看英国最好的卡通艺术。每个人都有自己的东西，包括受欢迎的卡通人物和一家满是有趣书籍和卡片的大商店。可知，故选A。4. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Opening times: Coffee shop:9:00 am6:00 pm Every day Tea room:10:30 am5:30 pm MondayThursday Pub(小酒吧) : 8:00 pm11:30 pm FridaySaturday 开放时间：咖啡店：每天上午9:00到下午6:00；茶室：周一至周四上午10:30-下午5:30；小酒吧：星期五至星期六下午8:001:30。可知，故选B。5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据An adult: 15 A child (under 12 years old) : 10成人：15英镑/儿童（12岁以下）：10英镑，可知，15+10= 25，故选C。C(2019 湖南省郴州市)话题： 广告类难度：建议用时：6分阅读下面的图表, 完成下列小题。Huawei has announced today that smartphone sales abroad in 2018 have reached over 200 million units. In recent months the company has become the No. 2 supplier（供应商）of smartphones, ahead of Apple and behind Samsung, marking a great progress Huawei has made since it entered this market eight years ago.An extended version of the Fuzing bullet train will be fitted with the automatic train operation system（列车自动控制系统）. With a design speed of 350 kilometers per hour, the new train is 439.8 meters long, with 17 carriages（火车车厢）that can carry 1283 passengers .The worlds first 5G-enabled railway station is on its way! The Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station is the first railway station built upon the 5G digital（数字的）indoor system, with China Mobile and Huawei launching（发射）the networks system there.1. In recent months, which company has become the No. 2 supplier of smartphones?A. Samsung.B. Huawei.C. Apple.2. An extended version of the Fuzing bullet train can reach the speed of _.A. 350 kilometers per hourB. 200 kilometers per hourC. 128 kilometers per hour3. _ will be the worlds first 5G-enabled railway station?A. Beijing Railway StationB. Shenzhen Railway StationC. The Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了三个科技的发展：华为智能手机；新列车自动控制系统；5G的火车站。1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Huawei has announced today that smartphone sales abroad in 2018 have reached over 200 million units. In recent months the company has become the No. 2 supplier（供应商）of smartphones可知，华为已成为智能手机的第二大供应商。故选B。2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中An extended version of the Fuzing bullet train will be fitted with the automatic train operation system（列车自动控制系统）. With a design speed of 350 kilometers per hour可知，它的时速可以达到350公里。故选A。3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中The Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station is the first railway station built upon the 5G digital（数字的）indoor system可知，是在上海虹桥火车站。故选C。D(2019 湖北省黄石市)话题： 故事难度：建议用时：6分 Once upon a time, a wealthy old man lived alone in a big house. He was growing weaker day by day and was unable to take care of himself, so he decided to hire（雇佣） a nurse to help with housework and take care of him.One day, the old man interviewed two nurses Anthony and Peter. Anthony happened to be a handsome young man, while Peter looked quite ordinary(普通的). The old man asked Anthony to make tea for him. After Anthony left, the old man turned to Peter and said, Anthony has given me a very bad account（描述）of you. He said you are rude(粗鲁的) and untrustworthy(不可信赖的) . Is this correct? Peter thought for a minute and said, If Anthony has a bad opinion of me, there must be something wrong with me. I should take some time to change these things.The old man was very impressed by Peters character. Meanwhile, Anthony returned with a cup of tea for the old man. The old man sent Peter to make breakfast for him. He then turned to Anthony and told him, Peter spoke very poorly of you while you were gone. What do you think about this? After hearing this, Anthony became angry and started cursing(咒骂).In the end, the old man hired Peter. Although Peter looked quite ordinary, he had impressive inner(内在的) beauty.1. What did the old man want a nurse to do?A. Live with him.B. Help with housework and look after his wife.C. Work as a doctor.D. Help with housework and look after him.2. What did Anthony look like?A. Handsome.B. Ordinary.C. Old.D. Ugly.3. The old man told Peter that Anthony _.A. had had some bad words of himB. had praised himC. did not trust himD. considered him to be not important4. How did Peter react(反应) when he heard the old mans words?A. He was angry.B. He took it seriously.C. He didnt believe him.D. He blamed(责备) Anthony.5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Ordinary people are more trustworthy.B. Handsome men must be good men.C. Inner beauty is more important than appearance.D. Others opinions are always correct.【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述一个老人要雇佣一个护士照顾他。一天他面试了两个人，安东尼和彼得。安东尼长得很帅，而彼得很普通。当这个老人对彼得说安东尼说彼得的坏话时，彼得虚心接受并打算花时间改变他自己。而当老人对安东尼说彼得说安东尼的坏话时，安东尼很生气并开始大骂。最后这个老人雇佣了彼得。最后告诉我们一个道理，即内在美比外表更重要。1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据so he decided to hire（雇佣）a nurse to help with housework and take care of him可知，这个男人想要招聘一个护士来帮他做家务和照顾他，故选D。2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Anthony happened to be a handsome young man, while Peter looked quite ordinary (普通的)可知，安东尼长得帅，而彼得很普通，故选A。3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Anthony has given me a very bad account（描述） of you. He said you are rude(粗鲁的) and untrustworthy (信赖的) . Is this correct? 可知，这个老人告诉彼得，安东尼说他坏话，故选A。4. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Peter thought for a minute and said, If Anthony has a bad opinion of me, there must be something wrong with me. I should take some time to change these things.可知，彼得想了几分钟并说，如果安东尼对我有不好的看法。我一定有什么错的地方，我应该花时间改变这些东西。所以彼得严肃对待这件事。故选B。5. C【解析】主旨大意题、根据Although Peter looked quite ordinary, he had impressive inner(内在的) beauty以及全文可知，尽管彼得看起来非常普通，他有令人印象深刻的内在美，所以内在美比外表更重要，故选C。E(2019 四川省乐山市)话题： 环保难度：建议用时：6分When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws(吸管) do Americans use every day?He quickly learned there wasnt a simple answer. The boy tried to work it out himself. Through lots of research, Cress found out that Americans use about 500 million straws every day. In hopes of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011.Cress started the project in his hometown Burlington, Vermont. He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order. It was a simple change. However, it would save money. And by doing that, the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50 percent.For the years that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States. More and more restaurants agreed to join. They stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban ( 禁 止 ) plastic straws.Plastic pollution has been one of the most serious problems today. According to scientists, more than eight million tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year. Plastic straws are especially terrible. They make it easy for people to get comfortable with single-use plastics.After his project became popular, Cress took his findings on the road. He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world. He wants to encourage more people to say no to plastic straws.Focusing(聚焦) on straws is one simple step we all could take, Cress says. And it makes me feel that I, as a kid, could make a difference, too.1. When did Milo Cress start to care about the problem of straws?A. Ten years ago.B. In the year 2011.C. In the year that he was 9.2. Cress started the Be Straw Free project in order to _.A. get a good score in science at his schoolB. encourage people to reduce plastic wasteC. become a famous person in his hometown3. What did Cress ask a restaurant in Burlington to do?A. Stop offering straws to its customers.B. Prevent people from using straws to drink.C. Count the number of straws it uses every day.4. Plastic straws are especially terrible because _.A. they are the most serious problem todayB. scientists pay little attention to their inf