备考2020年中考英语一轮复习介词用法讲解考点练习.docx

中考英语介词用法讲解一、介词短语的句法作用1、介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：The man came .(状)The woman is from the countryside.(定)The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)2、介词短语在句子中的位置：介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)They searched the room for the thief. The letters are for you.(表语)Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)二、介词的详细讲解表时间的介词：1.at通常用于： 确切的时间: at 7:30, at a quarter past six 用餐时间：at lunch time 表示在一段节日期间：at Christmas 固定词组搭配：at dawn, at night, at midnight, at noon, at that time, at the moment2. on通常用于： 确定某天的某段时间：on the evening of May 3rd星期：on Friday 确切日期：on June lst 节日当天: on Childrens Day, on New Years Day 文学类的天气描述：on a dark evening, on a snowy day3. in通常用于： 一天中的某段时间：in the morning/afternoonevening 大概的月份、年份：in June，in 2004 季节：in spring，in the cold winter 世纪：in the 20th century, in the late 18th century 特定的年龄段，in his thirties （在他30多岁时）【友情提示】“in十一段时间”用于将来时。e.g. He will come back in an hour.他一小时后会回来。 “after+一段时间”用于过去时4.在以next, last, this引起的时间状语及tomorrow, tonight, yesterday, the day after tomorrow,.ago等时间状语前及指示代词，名词所有格及形容词性物主代词前一般不加介词。5.for 和since用于现在完成时，用how long 来提问：for + 时间段since + 时间段 + agosince + 时间点since + 一般过去时句子如： Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. 6. 其他常见的时间介词after在以后 after 3 days before在以前 3 days beforepast过了(时) 20 past 8 (8点20分)to到(下一时刻) 20 to 8 (7点40)through 贯穿(期间) through the yearfrom从(时)起by到为止, till直到时, until直到时,ever since从那时起至今表地点的介词over（正上方） 、 above（上方的一片） 、 on（接触的平面）under（正下方） 、 below（下方的一片）at + 小地方 (场所如学校、医院、剧场等)in + 大地方 （州、区域、国家、城镇、） on +门牌，某层楼 across在对面（go across从平面穿过 / go through从立体的）through与across、over的用法区别： through指“穿过(门洞/人群/树林)”； across和over可以指“跨越(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过”时只能用over. 如：Just then a rat ran across the road.There is a bridge across/over the river. They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.The visitors went through a big gate into another park.among在中间 （三者以上之间）between在.之间（两者之间，两两相互之间）、in front of在.前（外部） in the front of在.前（内部）如：A car was parking in front of the hallIn the front of the hall stood a big desk.close to靠近.,表方位的介词across横越., against对抗., along沿着., around绕着., at朝着., behind向后面, betweenand从到.,by路过/通过., down向下, for向., from从/离.,in进入., into进入., inside到.里面, near接近., off脱离/除., on在.上, out of向.外, outside向.外,over跨过., past经过/超过., through穿过., to向/朝., towards朝着., on to到.上面, onto到.上面, away from远离.表方式、手段的介词as作为/当作.by用/由/乘坐/被.in用(语言), like与一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机),through通过., with用(材料/工具)、用(手/脚/耳/眼)；without没有三. 常用介词用法归纳：介词: except、besides、except forexcept除掉 ，不包括.,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含besides除了还有 ,表示包含,即“不仅又”except for 美中不足如：Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.)(Tom没有去故宫Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects. (“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)批注：谐音记忆法：“包含”和“besides”首字母都有b，有b的（besides）是包含，没b的（except，except for）是不包含。介词for：1.为了 I do it for you . 2. 一段时间 I havent seen you for a long time 3. 对于 Its difficult for him to finish the task. 4. 因为 I am sorry for his misfortune.介词to： 1.给 I give the present to you .2. 对而言 The present is important to me 介词with : 1. 由于 with pleasure2. 带有 the girl with long hair3. 用 I can write with a pen 4.和.一起 We will go with you without 无，没有介词in: 1.在(方面) do well in 2.在.时候 in the evening 3. 在.地方 in Beijing介词on：1.关于/有关. a book on history 2.在.时候 on Friday 3.在.上 on the desk介词as: 1. 与一样 You have the same interest as me. 2. as作为/当作. He works as a writer.介词from：1.来自 come from 2.从.到(to) tell A from B from door to door stop/prevent/ protect sb from doing sth 4、介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。1）当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?2）宾语在从句中当连接词时。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?3）动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。I finally found a chair to sit on.5、记住一些固定词组：arrive at/in(到达), on foot(步行), notat all(根本不), to the north of(在以北), in the east of(在的东部), in the night(在夜间), at night(在晚上), be afraid of(害怕), be full of(充满/ 装满.),be filled with(充满/ 装满.), be good/bad for(对有益/有害), be made of(由做成),be made from(由制造), play with(玩耍), look out of(朝外面看),at the end of(在末梢/结束时), by the end of(不迟于/到末为止),with the help of(在的帮助下), with ones help(在的帮助下),look after(照料), look for(寻找),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做),get on (well) with(与某人相处融洽),等等。三、某些介词的用法辨析1、by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.Please write that article(文章) in English.Lets go to the zoo by taxi. It was written by Lao She.2、as与like的区别：两个词都表示“像”,但是as译为“作为”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像一样”,表示外表,不是事实。批注：区别不明显，不如举例说明：Let me speak to you as a father. (说话者是听者的父亲) / Let me speak to you like a father. (说话者不是听者的父亲)3、at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别：at the end of既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在末；在尽头”,常与过去时连用；by the end of只能表示时间,译为“在前；到为止”,常用于过去完成时； in the end与at last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时；to the end译为“到的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。如：By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III. At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows. They left for Beijing at the end of last week. In the end he succeeded in the final exams. We should go on with the work to the end. Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.4、but的问题：用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。如：I could do nothing but wait. They had no choice(选择) but to fight.强化练习1. The wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton was held in Westminster Cathedral _April 29, 2017. A .in B.on C.at D. by2. They arrived there a cold winter evening. A. on B. in C. during D. at3. Lucy thinks young people can learn how to care for others _ keeping pets. A .at B. on C. in D. by4. Guo Jingming, 24, has topped the 2011 Rich List of Chinese Writers, which was published _November 21, 2011. A. in B. on C. at D. for5.Whether our school will go to the amusement park next week depends _the weather. A. about B. on C. of D. in 6. A: When did it begin to snow? B: It started _ the night. A. during B. by C. from D. at7. The postman cried out downstairs, “Mr. Anderson, here is a letter _ you.” A. of B. on C. with D. for8. Joyce wrote an article _ how to improve our memory for the school newspaper. A. for B. on C. in D. at 9. Jessie is keen watching the TV show One out of 100 at the weekend. A. on B. in C. to D. with10. _December 11,2001, China formally became the 143rd member of the WTO A. in B. On C. At D. Until11. The Yangtze River runs_ the mountains, through the beautiful Three Gorges and finally into the sea. A. at B. to C. on D. Down12.I hear our head teacher will be back from USA three weeks time. A. at B. of C.in D.with13. You can improve your spoken English using it more and more. A. in B. at C. by D .from14. The worst fire occurred (发生)in Hong Kong November 30, 201 1. A .in B.on C. at D. by15. Jack was lucky to get two tickets _ that concert. A .for B .in C. on D. about16. My uncle wants to buy a new house a small garden beside the Dianshan Lake. A. at B.of C.in D. with17. The NBA is in a lockout (停摆) because players and owners failed to reach a new deal July 1st. A. in B.on C. at D. since18. It was not a good explanation, but it satisfied Eddie _ the time being. A. on B. at C. for D. with答案：15 BADBB 610 CDBAB 1115 DBCBA 1618 DBC练习二: 1. - I am not _ this city. Would you please introduce it to me?- With pleasure.A. familiar to B. familiar in C. familiar for D. familiar with2. This area is famous _ its apples and it is famous _ the home of apple.A. with; for B. for; as C. for; as D. as; to3. The plan for a new airport have been scrapped _ an extension to the old one.A. in favour B. out of favour C. in favour of D. favourite4. They hurried away _ fear that should be caught in rain.A. in B. for C. at D. on5. Two dogs _ a bone, and a third runs away with it.A. fight back B. fight with C. fight against D. fight for6. When the good news came that our football team won the championship, the hall was at once _ great joy.A. filled of B. full with C. filled with D. fill with7. The Prime Minister was more fit _ his office than anyone else.A. for B. to C. with D. of8. When the boy playing by the river fell into the river, I was out of the room _.A. in rush B. in a rush C. as a rush D. for a rush9. With the guide leading the way, the visitors were able to travel through the forest not by air but _ foot.A. by B. on C. in D. with 10. I know it is difficult _ him to talk like the lecturer, but I think he should grasp every chance.A. of B. for C. with D. over【Keys】15 DCCBD 610 CABBB 练习三: 介词易错题训练1. More and more people in Shanghai are able to talk and write English these days. (04) A. for B. with C. in D. to2. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner us at Shanghai Restaurant, which is famous_its seafood.(03) A. with, of B. with, for C. for, to D. to, for3 Wushu is becoming more and more popular foreigners. （02） A. among B. for C. in D. to4. If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please teJl me phone. （02） A. at B. by C. on D. through. 5. The foreigners arrived Shanghai late night.（01） A.at. at B.in. at C.in. in D.at. in6, How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? - . A. In three day B. After three days C. In three days time D. After three days time7. Yesterday morning Tom hurried to class his schoolbooks, so he had to share Marys. A. without B. for C. with D. past8.-I have you have got a ticket the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics. -Yes, I got it my uncle. A. of, from B. to, by C. to, from D. for, to 9.Id like a cup of coffee some sugar and milk. A. in B. to C. of D. with10. Its not always necessary to look up the words the dictionary while reading. Sometimes we need to guess. (06河北) A. on B. in C. at D. from11. Why did you all go swimming Tom?-Because he was ill at home. A. with B. besides C. beside D. except12. After class, I like playing computer games and chatting my friends the Internet. A .to, by B with, on C. fo