Unit 6 section A

CONTENTS B E Lead in TextReading TextUnderstanding ThemeExploration Summary LessisMore Tellthestory SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats 破釜沉舟 toyourclassmatesanddiscussitsmessage InthelateyearsoftheQinDynasty 秦朝 221 206BC XiangYu 项羽 launchedarebellion AftercrossingtheZhangRiver 漳河 XiangYuorderedhissoldierstosinkalltheboatsandbreaktheircookingpots leavingonlyathree daysupplyoffoodforeachsoldier Hewarnedthemthattherewasnowaytoretreat theonlythingtheycoulddotosurvivewastoadvanceandfight XiangYu sboatburningstrategygavehismennochoicebuttogoforwardtofightwithskillandpassion Afterninefuriouswar theQinarmywasfinallydefeated LessisMore FOREIGHLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY rivaloptions WhydidGeneralXiangYuorderhistroopstocrushtheircookingpotsandburntheirsailingshipswhencrossingtheZhangRiver Para 3 Tips toimposeonhistroopsanecessarysacrificetoachievevictoryovertheiropponents toinspirethesoldiersbemoredeterminedandconcentratedonthebattles PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopen aboutXiangYu Facingchoicesofrivaloptions hemadeanunusualdecision orderinghistroopstocrushcookingpotsandburntheirsailingships Bydoingthis heclosedthedoorforretreatingfromtheenemy sterritorybutopenedthewindowfor PartI Paras 1 3 windowsofopportunity winningthebattle AccordingtoDr Ariely sbook PredictablyIrrational whatmightbeaweaknessofhumanbeings Para 4 Hisexperimentshowsthatpeoplejustcouldn tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo PartIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothe ofthestudentsatMIT Throughconductinganexperimentonhuman s Dr Arielyfoundthatpeoplejustcouldn tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo PartII Para 4 modernstory irrationalbehavior What sthesignificanceofdoingtheexperiments Para 5 What sthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame Para 6 Howdidstudentslossmoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen Para 7 PartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr Ariely Hefirstexplainsthe oftheexperiment andtheprocessofthestudents Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon tseethefuture PartIII Paras 5 9 purposeandsignificance losingmoney irrationalbehavior vanishingaway Inthetext whatdoesDr Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife Paras 10 12 PartIV Paras 10 12 PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducing suchasprohibitionofoverbooking tryingtolessentheload rememberingthelessonsof likeXiangYu andkeepingthoseactivities unnecessaryoptions doorclosers enrichingourlives Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext Paras 13 14 PartV Paras 13 14 PartIIIconcludestheessay andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionif Weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen moreisbetterthanless Doorcloser areyou Whenfacedwith options XiangYuprovedtoawonderfuldecision maker Hetookhistroopsmakinga intoenemyterritory Tohistroops heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned whichgavehistroopsonlyone towinthebattle Thebattleturnedouttobeagreatsuccessonhisside Tobecontinued rival raid astonishment option Thisstoryindicatesthatwhileclosingthedoorfordoingsomething peoplemayopenthe forachievingsomethingmoresignificant Throughconductinganexperimentonhuman s behavior Dr Ariely foundthatmanystudentsinhisexperimentjustcouldn tbeartoseetheiroptions thoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemto Hethenemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon tseethefuturevanishingaway Tobecontinued window irrational vanish letgo Tosolvethisproblem peoplecanbalancetheirlivesbyreducing optionsontheirownandkeepingthoseactivitiesthatwillactuallyenrichtheirlives Toconclude weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsof toopen opportunityandhappiness unnecessary 1 Inyouropinion whatisanirrationalbehavior Givesomeexamples Itisanactionoropinionbasedoninadequateuseofreasonandlogic Onceapriceisestablishedintheirminds theywillcompareothersimilaritemswiththisprice Buyproductstheydon tneedjustbecausetheygetsomethingforfreeinthetransaction Dosomethingjustbecausesomeotherpeoplearedoingthesamething 2 Whatdoyouthinkmaycausepeople sirrationalbehavior Ignorance Peoplecanbetotallyunawareofasituationbeforeformingtheirownviewsandjudgments Emotions Peopletakeoffenseorgetangrybeforethesituationactuallyoccurs Stress Itcreatesfeelingofanger irritationandfrustration Blindbeliefs