法律英语单词表

LESSON 1Contract law 合同法Property law财产法Trust law信托法Tort law侵权法Constitutional law宪法Criminal law刑法Administrative law行政法International law国际法Financial derivative market金融衍生产品市场Personal property动产Real property不动产Security担保（复数形式证券）Precedent先例Substantive law实体法Procedural law程序法Public law公法Private law私法Criminal law刑法Civil law民法，大陆法Common law普通法Self defense自我防卫Duress强迫Stare decisis遵循先例Jurisdiction司法管辖权/法域The Exchequer财政诉讼法院The Kings bench王座法院Common pleas普通诉讼法院Manorial courts领地法院Baronial courts男爵法院Admirals(maritime) courts海事法院Guild同业行会，行会Forest courts王室猎场法院Writ书面命令，令状Law report判例汇编Findings of law对适用法律的裁决Determinations of fact对事实的决定Canon law教会法Natural law自然法Positivism实证主义Codification法典化The Core of Hammurabi汉谟拉比法典LESSON 3Federalism联邦制Trial court初审法院Good behavior廉洁行为Municipal court市镇法院，市法院Misdemeanor轻罪Ordinance条例County court县法院Constitutional court宪法设立的法院Legislative court立法机关设立的法院U.S. district court美国联邦地区法院U.S. court of appeal美国联邦上诉法院U.S. supreme court美国联邦最高法院Courts of limited jurisdiction有限管辖权法院Courts of general jurisdiction一般管辖权法院Appellate courts上诉法院LESSON 4Ultra vires 越权Constitutionality合宪性Privy Council枢密院Referendum公民复决Unitary state单一制国家The Charter of Fundamental Right of the European Union 欧盟基本权利宪章The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 世界人权宣言Ratified经批准的，经认可的Sheriff郡长Warrant手令，授权状Trespass侵害之诉Codified constitution法典化的宪法Uncodified constitution 非法典化的宪法Intergovernmental body政府间的机构Bicameral两院制的LESSON 5Capital punish 死刑Corporal punishment肉刑，身体刑Caning鞭笞Incarcerate监禁Koran古兰经Duty of care注意义务Recklessness放任Wrongfulness不正当性Murder谋杀Manslaughter非预谋杀人罪Causation因果关系Beyond a reasonable doubt排除合理怀疑Strict liability严格责任Actus reus犯罪行为Mens rea 犯罪意图LESSON 6Civil case民事案件Criminal trial刑事案件Confrontation clause对质条款Secret trial秘密审判Written statements书面陈述Public trial公开审判Sexual assaults性侵犯Cross-examine交叉询问Indigent defendant赤贫被告人Arraignment传讯Bail保释LESSON 7Specific performance实际履行Injunction禁令，禁制令Detriment损失，损害Bargain交易条件，协议Peppercorn rule胡椒子规则Consideration对价Guardian监护人Preexisting duty rule即有义务原则Mutual assent合意Offer要约Acceptance承诺Contract implied in fact事实默示合同Contract implied in law法律默示合同Promissor允诺人Promisee受诺人Past consideration过去的对价Express contract明示合同Lmplied contract默示合同Bilateral contract双务合同Unilateral contract单务合同Executorycontract待履行的合同Executedcontract已履行的合同Void contract无效合同Voidable contract可撤销合同Unenforceable contract不可强制履行的合同LESSON 8Tort侵权行为Wrong不法行为Tortfeasor侵权行为人，不法行为人False imprisonment非法监禁Defamation污蔑，诽谤，中伤Reasonable care合理的注意Recovery赔偿额，赔偿金Cause of action诉因Warranty担保，保证Proximate cause近因Strict liability严格责任Trespass侵犯，侵害之诉Detain扣留，抵押Libel书面诽谤Slander口头诽谤Contractual duty合同义务Monetary compensation金钱赔偿Privacy隐私Constitutional rights 宪法性权利Quasi-tort准侵权Negligence过失侵权，过失Intentional torts故意侵权LESSON 9Creditor债权人Stakeholder利益相关者Firm企业Partnership合伙，合伙企业Trust信托Pension fund养老基金，退休基金Corporation limited by shares股份有限公司Company limited by guarantee担保有限责任公司Close corporation封闭公司Public corporation公众公司Professional corporation专业公司Non-for-profit corporation非营利性公司Insolvent无力偿还者Insurance policy保单，保险单Policy-holder保单持有者Beneficiary受益人Insurable interest可保利益Subsidiary子公司Pierce the corporate veil揭开公司面纱Bankruptcy破产Dividends股息，红利，股利Authorized share capital授权资本Memorandum of association公司组织大纲Articles of incorporation 公司设立章程By-laws内部管理细则LESSON 10Custom习惯，惯例Bilateral treaty双边条约Multilateral treaty多边条约Customary law习惯法I