英语国家概况-加拿大(Canada)ppt课件

AnIntroductiontoCanadianCulture MarcUpton CANADA sHISTORY NativeAmericanslivedinCanadaforthousandsofyears Intheearly1600s colonistsfromBritainandFrancebegantosettleineasternCanada alongtheSt LawrenceRiver Canadaprovedtobeanexcellentspotfortrappingandtradingoffurs Inthe1800s settlersbegantopushwest MostofthenativeAmericansweredisplacedbytheEuropeans Land Climate Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld withover3 851 877squaremilesofland2varyinginclimatefrompermafrostinthenorthtofourdistinctseasonsofspring summer fall andwinternearertheequator3 Canadahas10provinces BritishColumbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec NewBrunswick NovaScotia PrinceEdwardIsland Newfoundlandironore nickel zinc copper gold lead rareearthelements molybdenum potash diamonds silver fish timber wildlife coal petroleum naturalgas andhydropower8 BanffNationalPark GovernmentResponsibilities Thefederalgovernmentisresponsibleforthingseffectingtheentirecountrysuchascitizenship immigration nationaldefense tradewithothercountries12 thebankingsystem criminalcode andindigenouspopulations8 Thefederalgovernmentalsohassomeinvolvementinthingslikeemployment insurance andMedicarethatwereoncecontrolledbytheprovinces becauseofthegreaterresourcesofthefederalgovernment8 Theprovincesorterritorieshaveresponsibilityforthingslikeeducation highways healthcare andwelfare8 Inareaswithamunicipalgovernment themunicipalgovernmentisresponsibleforlocalmatterslikefirefightingandcitystreets12 QueenElizabethII GovernorGeneral DavidJohnston Ottawa Economy TheeconomyinCanadaisthe9thstrongest17intheworld8 Thesubstantialgrowthofthemanufacturing mining andservicesectorsinCanadasinceWorldWarIIhasrevampedthenationfromaprimarilyruraleconomyintoonepredominantlyindustrialandurban8 Canadaisthe10thlargestexporterofoilandthe3rdlargestexporterofnaturalgasintheworld17 CanadaisthelargestforeignsupplierofenergytotheUnitedStates including oil gas uranium andalsoelectricpower8 Vancouver Economy Asof2014thereareanestimated18 85millionpeopleintheCanadianworkforce8 Percentagesofoccupationsheldinthelaborforcein2006 agriculture 2 manufacturing 13 construction 6 services 76 other 3 8Althoughmanypeoplereapthebenefitsofastrongeconomy 7 3 ofthepopulationwasunemployedin2012andmorethan9 oftheCanadianpopulationlivesinpovertyasofanestimatedonein20088 14 8 ofCanadiansages15 24areunemployed Canadaisaleaderintheproductionofgold silver copper uranium oil naturalgas agriculture woodpulp andtimber relatedproducts8 TheaverageminimumwageinCanada 10 10 theworkforce Currency AllofCanadausestheCanadianDollar20 Thereareno1or2dollarbillsinCanada theyhavebeenreplacedbythe1and2dollarcoins the loonie andthe toonie 20 Inhistory theCanadiandollarhasusuallybeenatleastabitweakerthantheUnitedStatesdollar butrecentlythetrendhaschanged8 Canadianbillsarebrightlycoloredandeasytodistinguish whichalsohappenstobeapointofculturalCanadianpride20 ThenewestCanadianbills releasedin2011 aremadeofpolymerinsteadofpaper21 SymbolsofCanada Justafew NationalFlagofCanada TheMapleTree TheMapleLeaf TheCoatofArms NationalHorseofCanada TheBeaver TheGreatSeal Hockey Canada snationalwintersport Lacrosse Canada snationalsummersport TheHealthcareSystem Oftenreferredtoas Medicare Canada snationalhealthinsuranceprogram30consistsofagroupofsocializedhealthinsuranceplansthatprovidepubliclyfundedhealthcarecoveragetomostallthecitizensofCanadaregardlessofmedicalhistory personalincome orstandardofliving Healthcareisadministeredonaprovincialorterritorialbasis withguidelinesthataresetbythefederalgovernment29 Citizensareprovidedpreventativecare medicaltreatmentsfromprimarycarephysicians accesstohospitals dentalsurgeryandsomeadditionalmedicalservices29 Theaveragenumberofphysiciansper1 000peopleinCanadais 2 1 46 Toronto HealthStatistics Currentsmokers24 19 9 PercentageofCanadianswithadoctor24 84 7 PercentageofCanadiansthatdrinkheavily24 19 PercentageofCanadianswithhighbloodpressure24 17 6 Lifeexpectancyformales24 78 8yearsLifeexpectancyforfemales8 84 2yearsPercentageofoverweightorobeseadults24 52 1 Percentageofoverweightorobeseyouth age12 17 24 20 4 Percentageofleisuretimededicatedtophysicalactivity24 53 8 Education InCanada theeducationsystemismadeupofbothpublicandprivateschools including communitycolleges technicalinstitutes secondaryschools universities universitycolleges careercolleges summercamps andlanguageschools34 UndertheCanadianconstitutioneachprovincehasresponsibilityforit seducationalsystem2 Canadianchildrengenerallyvoluntarilyattendkindergartenforoneortwoyearsattheageoffourorfive34 AllchildrenbeginGradeOneataboutsixyearsofage34 TheschoolyearlastsfromSeptembertothefollowingJune34 Dependingonwhatprovinceyouarein secondaryschoolsgouptoGrade11or1234 99 ofthepopulationofCanadaovertheageof15isliterate8 Population Canadaistheninth mostsparselypopulatednationintheworldwithapopulationdensityof8 6peoplepersquaremile8 Around33 4millionpeopleliveinCanada andthepopulationisgrowingby0 9percentannually2 Canada sper capitaimmigrationrateisoneofthehighestintheworldwithabout250 000immigrantsbeingadmittedyearlysince20067 Canadahasasocietythatisopenandrelativelyfreeofsocialclassdistinctions50 EthnicgroupsofCanadainclude 28 ofBritishIslesorigin 23 ofFrenchorigin 15 otherEuropean 2 Amerindian 6 other mostlyAsian African Arab and26 mixedbackground 8ReligionsinCanada RomanCatholic42 6 Protestant23 3 UnitedChurch9 5 Anglican6 8 Baptist2 4 Lutheran2 otherChristian4 4 Muslim1 9 otherandunspecified11 8 non religious16 Family Marriage Relationships ThefamilystructureinCanadaHasbeenchangingandbecomingmorediverseoverthelast30 years In2006 69 6 ofhouseholdswerefamilyhouseholds 26 8 wereone personhouseholds and3 7 ofhouseholdsconsistedofunrelatedpersons81 In2006 68 6 percentoffamiliesconsistedofamarriedcouplewithorwithoutchildren 15 5 offamiliesconsistedofcommon lawcouplesand15 9 offamiliesweresingleparentfamilies81 Opposite sexandsame sexmarriagearebothlegalthroughoutCanada83 It scommonforbothparentsinthefamilytoworkoutsideofthehome2 Theaveragefamilysizein2006was3members82 43 1 ofmarriagesendindivorcebeforethe50thanniversary84asof2011 Therewere70 226divorces84in2013 Thedatingprocessusuallybeginsaroundages213 16inCanada Communication gestures bodylanguage ShakinghandsiscustomarywhenbeingintroducedtosomeonenewinCanada47 ManyCanadiansexpectafirmhandshakewhenmeetingordepartingaswellasgoodeyecontact52 Saying Hello noddingyourhead orwavingyourhandareallacceptablewaystosayHello2 Itispropertoremoveanysunglassesorhatwhenspeakingwithsomeone52 InQuebecitisconsideredbadformtospeakwhenyouhaveyourhandsinyourpockets52 Asfaraspersonalspace bodymovement andbodygesturesareconcerned thenormsaredifferentbetweenEnglishandFrenchprovinces48 OnetotwofeetofspacebetweentwopeopleistheusualpersonalboundaryinEnglishareasalongwithaminimalamountofbodymovement andlittletouchingotherthanhandshakes48 FrenchCanadians ontheotherhand maystandslightlycloser touchmorefrequently andusemoreexpressivegestures48 Communication gestures bodylanguage InQuebec the thumbsdown signisconsideredoffensive asisslappinganopenpalmoveraclosedfist52 The okay signmadewiththeindexfingerandthumbmeans zero inQuebec52 The thumbsup signisusedtomean okay throughoutCanada52 Pointingatsomeonewithyourindexfingerisconsideredrude2 Usingatoothpick brushingyourhair orclippingyourfingernailsareallthingsnottodoinpublic52 continued Socialnorms It snotuncommoninCanadaforpeoplewhodon tknowyoutogreetyouwith Hi or howareyou whenwalkingdownthestreet69 It sconsideredrudetospeakinaforeignlanguageinthepresenceofotherswhodonotunderstandwhatisbeingsaid48 MostCanadiansonlyallowguestsinroomsoftheirhomethattheyhavedesignatedaspublicor guest rooms50 ManyCanadiansarenon smokersandtheydonotallowsmokingintheirhomesorvehicles79 Recyclingandnotlitteringarevaluedbehaviors79 Alineisusuallyformedwhenseveralpeoplearewaitingforsomething likeatacoffeeshop Linesarefirstcomefirstserve anditisconsideredveryrudetocutin69 BargainingorhagglingisnotacommonpracticeinCanadaotherthanforthingslikebuyingahouse avehicle ordealingwithaprivateseller69 InCanada whiteliliesareassociatedwithfuneralsandredrosesarereservedformoreromanticsettings Whenbuyingflowersforsomeone it swisetokeepthesenormsinmind48 EatingHabits Punctualityisimportant butarriving5minuteslateforadinnerpartyisacceptable50 Canadiansusuallyhavethestandard3mealsadayandsometimesmayhaveteacoffeeintheafternoonorasnackbreakatwork2 PolitelyrefusingfoodinCanadaisunlikelytocauseoffence48 Elbowsshouldneverbeonthetablewheneating50 15 tipsareexpectedatrestaurantsandoftenarenotincludedinthetabunlessyouhavealargeparty2 Eatingwhilewalkinginp