牛津译林版选修82020学年高中英语阅读强化训练八

阅读强化训练(八)(建议用时：25分钟) 阅读理解Just days before the cyberattack(网络攻击) known as WannaCry struck computers in at least 150 countries in May, 2017, the telecommunications company NTT issued a report on digital threats. One of its conclusions: “In todays environment, everyone has an important role to play in cybersecurity.”The advice was timely. The attack that spread from China to Spain was slowed down by a British man who lives with his parents and who is selftaught in cybersecurity. His quick work in buying a web domain name(域名) connected to the digital worm(蠕虫病毒) ended up being a temporary kill switch. This gave time for companies, governments, and others to protect their systems.His $10 purchase saved billions. More to the point, his action shows that the users of digital tools connected to the Internet must always be prepared for attacks, even if only to inform experts. The attacks like WannaCry, which often come through email, are responsible for as much as 73 percent of malware(恶意软件)The NTT report says cybersecurity requires much more than a technological fix. New security software cannot keep up with growing threats. The key solution is for people to be prepared and to work together.“To successfully work their way around these challenges，” the report states, “organizations are going to be required to rely on their users more than ever.” This includes such steps as keeping software up to date with security patches(补丁), using complex passwords, and watching for potential cyberattacks in email and texts. A similar recommendation was offered last December by the US. Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity.To assist digital users, the commission called for a private body to develop something like a “nutritional label” for technology products. Such a fair, thirdparty assessment would help consumers better use cyber tools and curb wideranging harmful activity in cyberspace.The NTT report makes one other and necessary point about the role of cyber experts in assisting computer users: “Our end goal is not to create fear, uncertainty, and doubt or to overcomplicate the current state of the threat landscape, but to make cybersecurity interesting and inclusive for anyone facing the challenges of security attacks.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在互联网时代，黑客造成的网络攻击给人们的网络生活带来极大的威胁，每个网民都应该成为网络安全的守护者。1What stopped the spread of WannaCry?ANTTs report on cybersecurity.BA companys discovery of a kill switch.CA British security researchers $10 purchase.DGovernments measures to improve cybersecurity.C解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的The attack. was slowed down by a British man. quick work in buying a web domain name(域名) connected to the digital worm(蠕虫病毒) ended up being a temporary kill switch.和第三段的第一句可知，一名自学成才的英国网络安全研究员在无意间发现了WannaCry隐藏开关的域名，他花10美元购买了这一域名，遏制了病毒的进一步大规模扩散。2What is most important in preventing threats according to NTTs report?APeoples joint efforts.BInternet users skills.CNew security software.DReduced use of emails.A解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的The key solution is for people to be prepared and to work together.可知，NTT的报告指出网络安全需要的不仅仅是技术的修复，关键是要让人们准备好应对网络攻击，共同努力。3What is the focus of Paragraph 5?ACyber experts suggestions.BThe importance of cybersecurity.CThe challenges Internet companies face.DWays for digital users to resist cyberattacks.D解析：段落大意题。由第五段的描述可知，本段主要讲述了数字用户应对网络攻击可采取的措施：用安全补丁升级软件、使用复杂的密码、警惕电子邮件和文本中潜在的网络攻击。4What does the underlined word “curb” in Paragraph 6 mean?ALimit.BUndertake.CControl. DImprove.A解析：词义猜测题。由画线词前的help consumers better use cyber tools可知，这样一个公正的第三方评估将帮助消费者更好地利用网络工具，遏制网络空间里大规模的有害活动；由此可推断，curb意为“遏制，限制”。 完形填空Before the age of the telegraph(电报) or telephone, letter writing was the main way of communication. However, it has been gradually 1 by other ways over recent years. Technology has developed so 2 that we now expect to be able to talk to people immediatelyand get a(n) 3 from them almost straight away. Rather than putting pen to paper, for most of us it now feels much more 4 to send texts and emails, quickly typing out our message within seconds.Of course, there are 5 to these modern ways of communication. We live in a fastpaced world and its important we 6 . We can chat to people all over the globe, within seconds! We can also edit our emails before we 7 them. However, if we made a(n) 8 in a letter, wed be forced to cross it out or start again.But do we ever think about what we are 9 ？ By forgetting about the art of letter writing, I think were missing out. Hugely.I dont know a single person who would say that they didnt enjoy 10 a letter through the post. Theres something very special about 11 that someone has taken the time to write a handwritten 12 for you. It doesnt have to be full of 13 newsafter all, most of our emails to friends are just chatting about normal things, but it feels much more 14 to receive just one letter than to receive hundreds of texts and 15 And it s not only the person receiving the letter who will 16 a lovely envelope appearing through their door. Letter writing can help the 17 ， too. In a similar way to keeping a diary, writing a letter to a 18 can be very relaxing. 19 ， when we know were doing something that will make a friend very 20 ， we feel good ourselves!【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。手写书信相比现代沟通方式确实有不足之处，但它也有现代沟通方式所没有的好处。1AremovedBreplacedCrejected DrememberedB解析：由第三段中的By forgetting about the art of letter writing.可知，手写书信被大家淡忘了，它已经逐渐被其他沟通方式“取代了(replaced)”。2Aearly BsteadilyCslightly DrapidlyD3Aorder BfavourCresponse DexplanationC解析：由本句话中的be able to talk to people immediately和almost straight away可知，科技发展得非常“迅速(rapidly)”，我们能够向他人发起即时谈话，并得到即时“回应(response)”。4Aconvenient BdifficultCinteresting DannoyingA解析：由下文quickly typing out our message within seconds可知，通过短信和电子邮件，我们能快速打出文字内容，因此与用纸笔写信相比，发送短信和电子邮件更加“方便(convenient)”。5Areasons BeffectsCrequirements DadvantagesD解析：由下文We can chat to people all over the globe, within seconds！以及We can also edit our emails可知，本段讲的是现代沟通方式的“优势(advantages)”。6Akeep up Bcheer upCgrow up Dshow upA解析：由上文We live in a fastpaced world可知，当今世界的节奏很快，因此我们需要“跟上(keep up)”。7Aopen BreadCsign DsendD8Aexcuse BpictureCmistake DpromiseC解析：电子邮件的优势之一就是在“发送(send)”它们之前，我们可以编辑修改邮件内容；而写信时，如果写“错(mistake)”了，我们就不得不划掉或者重新再写一封。9Alacking BlosingCexpecting DlearningB解析：下文missing out是提示。10Achanging BcopyingCreceiving DdroppingC解析：由下文可知，本段讨论了收到书信时的感受，且下一段中the person receiving the letter是提示。11Aregretting BhopingCguessing DknowingD12Acard BletterCbook DreportB解析：“知道(knowing)”有人腾出时间给“你”写了一封手写“信(letter)”，这感觉非常特殊，且上文a letter是提示。13Aimportant BgoodCfresh DfunnyA解析：本空与下文normal形成对比，毕竟我们平时给朋友发的电子邮件里谈论的也都是些平常的事，因此书信里也不必