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DC-29-41 Architecture and Environment (建筑与环境)The skyscraper is as American as jazz . It is this countrys greatest and most characteristic contribution to the city , to whose skyline it lends rhythm and romance .(摩天大楼和爵士音乐一样堪称美国的特征。是美国对城市最大和最有特色的贡献,给城市的天际线增添了节奏和浪漫情调。) Like jazz , skyscraper architecture is a popular art 。(象爵士乐一样,摩天大楼的建筑是一种广受欢迎的艺术)During its golden age , in the 1920s and 1930s ,the skyscraper became a popular symbol of our national character :a soaring , upward aspiring image as powerful as a moon rocket .(在摩天大楼的黄金时代,二十世纪二十年代和三十年代,摩天大楼成了人所共知的我们国民性格的象征:它直冲云霄、向上进取的形象包含着巨大的力量犹如奔月的火箭) Now , some seventy years after it reached its high point with the generation of the Chryler and Empire State buildings in New York and the Sears Tower in Chicago and a hundred years after the invention of the steel skeleton that made it possible , the skyscraper is undergoing a reassessment .(今天,作为摩天大楼发展巅峰的标志,纽约的克来斯勒大厦和帝国大厦以及芝加哥的西尔斯大厦问世已经七十余年,使摩天大楼工程得以实施的钢筋构架的发明至今也有一百年。在这个世纪回眸中,摩天大楼正接受重新评价。)In the late 1960s many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems,and new steel-and -glass skyscaperswere widely criticized.Ecologists pointed out a cluster of buildings in a city often overburndens public transportation and parking lot capacities .(二十世纪六十年代后期,北美的许多人开始关注环境问题,钢和玻璃结构的新摩天大楼遭到广泛的批评。生态学家指出城市的高层建筑群常使公共交通和停车场超负荷运作。)Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers , and wasters , of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17million square feet of skyscrapers office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000kilowatts enough to supply the entire city of Albany , New York , for a day .(摩天大楼造成了电力的滥用和浪费。最近有一年,纽约市新增加摩天大楼的办公室面积一千七百万平方英尺,使每天高峰用电量猛增十二万千瓦,足够为纽约州的阿尔巴尼市整座城市供电一天)Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful . The heat loss (or gain )through a wall of half inch plate glass is often ten times more than that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board . (玻璃幕墙式的摩天大楼造成的浪费尤其厉害。通过半英寸厚的玻璃幕墙的热损失或吸收,经常是通过内置绝缘板的典型石墙的十倍)To lessen the strain on heating and air conditioning equipment , builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass , and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings .(为了缓解供暖和空调设备的压力,摩天大楼的建造者已经开始使用双层抛光玻璃板和能够减少强光照射和热吸收的镀金和镀银的反射玻璃。但反射玻璃幕墙式的摩天大楼会使周围空气温度升高,对邻近的建筑物造成影响)Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a citysanitation facilities , too. If fully occupied , the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year as much as city the size of Stamford , Connecticut , which has a population of more than 109,000.(摩天大楼也给城市的卫生设施增添了巨大压力。要是完全使用,单单纽约市世界贸易中心的两座大厦每年就要产生二百二十五万加仑未经过处理的污水,相当于康涅狄格州人口超过十万九千人的斯坦福市整座城市的污水排放量。)Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception , block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic . In Boston in the late 1960s some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common .(摩天大楼还干扰了电视信号的接收,妨碍了鸟的飞行路线,阻碍空中交通。在二十世纪六十年代后期的波士顿,有的人甚至害怕摩天大楼的阴影会使波士顿中心绿地的草枯萎。)Still, people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them personal ambition, civic pride and the the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space. (尽管如此,人们还在继续建造摩天大楼,他们这样做是出自于同过去建造摩天大楼同样的理由,即出自于个人的抱负、市民的自豪感、业主对最大租用面积的追求。)Boeing 777波音777 Boeing Company made headlines(页头标题) last month with the largest wide-body(宽体) aircraft (飞机)sale(卖) in aviation(航空) history$11 billion(十亿) for 34 of the 777s to United (联合的)Airlines(航空公司) ,with options (买卖某物的权利,选择)on 34 more.(还有,再)波音公司上个月的一宗航空史上最大的宽体飞机买卖成为头条新闻,波音公司以一百一十亿美元的价格向联合航空公司出售了34架波音777飞机,并给予另外34架的购买权。 Air travel(航空客运量) is expected to double(两倍) by 2005, growing by about 6 percent a year .Analysts(分析家) see a demand for about 10,000 new airplanes, nearly half of them of the size and distance(距离) range (范围)of the 777, A330,and MD-11about 4,00 miles. A full quarter of this demand will come from airlines in need of replacing(替代) DC-1010s and L-1011s built around 1979. Designed(设计) to meet this global (全球)need(meetthe need 满足需求) for a jetliner (喷气式飞机)sized(大小) between the companys own 767-300 and 4-engine (引擎)“jumbo”(巨大的) 747-400.the new planes seating capacity(能力) will make it the worlds largest two-engine passenger(旅客) airliner.到2005年航空旅行预计将要翻一翻,每年增长6%左右,分析人士预测对新客机的需求量约为一万架,其中近半数客机具有与波音777,A330以及MD-11型客机相同的体积和航程,即4000英里左右。需求量中有整整四分之一来自需要更新1979年制造的DC-1010和L-1011S型客机的一些航空公司。新客机的设计是为了满足对以下体积的喷气式飞机的全球性需求,即:需要其体积介于波音公司自己的767-300型与四引擎747-400巨型客机之间的客机,因此新型机的载客量将使之成为世界上最大的双引擎客机。 “The plus(加,优点) of the 777 is that it is going to be a more efficient(有效率的), wider, and technologically(在技术上) superior (优的)airplane than either the A330or the McDonnell Douglas 11,” says Bill Whitlow, analyst with Portland-based Gallagher Capital. “The 777s big advantage(优点)over the planes it will be replacing is in fuel(燃料) efficiency(效率),” says analyst Whitlow. “The new technology(技术) is a quantum(量子) leap(跳跃) from todays planes.” 总部设在波德兰市的盖洛普投资公司分析师Bill Whitlow 说:“波音777飞机的优点是比A330或麦道11的效率更高、机身更宽、技术更先进。”他还说:“与它要取代的客机相比,波音777的一个突出的优点就是节省燃料,这项新技术是对现有客机的一项重大革新。”Among the new features(特点): 新的特点有如下几点:Extensive(广泛的) use of lightweight(轻的), super-strong(超强) composite (复合的)materials(材料) in structural(结构的) parts(部件). An innovative(创新的) wide wing(翼) that permits(允许) the fully-loaded(满载) 777 to get aloft(在高处) quickly even at airports(航空港) such as Denver, where warm, thin air can hamper(阻碍) present-generation(现在一代) jet wings from lifting off(起飞)with a full load.结构部分大量使用质轻、超强度的复合材料,创新的宽机翼使波音777即便在丹福这类的机场也能迅速的满载起飞,丹福稀薄的暖空气会阻碍现有的这一代喷气式飞机机翼满载起飞的。)An advanced(先进的) system (系统)using electronic(电子的) signals (信号)rather than(而不是) cables(电缆) displays(显示,展示) that replace bulky(笨重的), air-conditioned(空调) cathode-tube(阴极射线) displays in cockpits(客机驾驶室).(第二优点是)采用先进的电子信号系统替代缆绳和滑轮来控制飞机。驾驶舱内轻便的平板显示仪器取代了需要用空调散热的笨重的阴极射线管显示器。Another big selling point for the 777 is easy seat and lavatory (卫生间)reconfiguration(调整), enabling(使能) airlines to accommodate (使某物配合)more flexibly (灵活的)to seasonal factors(因素), such as more demand for tourist-class seating in the vacation(假期) months. “What used to take weeks of downtime and lost revenue(收入), can now be reconfigured (改装)literally(实际上) overnigh(一夜之间),” says Boeings Dick Schley还有一个大卖点是波音777有舒适的座位和可以调整改装的卫生间,这有利于航空公司灵活地适应季节性变化的因素,如假期中经济舱需要有更多的座位。波音公司的Dick Schley说:“过去调整安装要停工数周使收益损失,现在简直可以在一夜之间就完成改装。”Boeings 777 are scheduled(排定 安排,预定) for test flights(飞行) two years from now and expect to board(上飞机) its first passengers in 1995. Despite that seeming disadvantage(缺点), analysts say the long-term outlook(前景) for Boeing is that the new jet will maintain the companys dominant(支配的) share(分额) of world wide commercial (商业的)aircraft sales now hovering(翱翔,盘旋) between 55 and 60 percent.波音777计划将在两年后试飞,预期在1995年载客首航。尽管这似乎是一个不利的因素,但分析人士认为波音公司的长期前景是新客机会保持公司在全球商用飞机销售份额中占支配地位,目前所占份额在55%至60%之间徘徊。Boeing, a leading high-tech(高技术) company in the U.S., is also the brightest spot in the countrys balance-of-trade spread-sheet(贸易差额), bringing in (带来)more than $11 billion in foreign revenue last year.波音在美国高科技公司中占领先地位,也是美国贸易差额表中的一大亮点。去年从外国盈利超过110亿美元。Though the United launch order(订购) is the largest by far of any single contract (合同)in the companys history, its ultimate(最终的) importance may be more symbolic(象征的) in generating(产生) interest from other carriers(指航空公司).尽管联合航空公司对新客机的订单其数额比波音公司历史上任何一项合同都要大得多,但最重要的还是其象征性的意义即激起其它航空公司对波音777的兴趣。Two Broadway Star Composers 百老汇的两位明星作曲家New Yorks Stephen Sondheim and Londons Andrew Lloyd Webber prove(证明) that theres more than one way to write a hit(轰动一时) Broadway musical(音乐剧). Of the two, one is Broadway bred(出生), the other a product of London;s rock-and roll(摇滚)60s.One is reclusive (独立的,脱离社会不与他人交往的)and cool, an intellectual(知识分子)who composes dark, minimalistic(非常隐晦的) music and never tries to woo(求取) an audience(观众). The other is flamboyant(灿烂的) and explosive(爆发的), a creator (创造者)of extravaganzas(铺张浪费) that draw record-breaking(破纪录) crowds. The critics(评论家) love the first, though hes had as many failures as successes. And audiences adore the second, though few critics share their ardor(热情). Between them, they have created 22 shows and won eight Tony Awards(奖). Sondheims “West Side Story” was a Broadway hit with 1,200 performances(演出) playing to sold out(卖完) houses while Webbers “Cats” a smash(风靡,粉碎) for fifteen years running , grossing(总共赚得) $2million a week in the US, not to speak of its localized(当地) versions(叙述,说法,翻译) in Europe and Latin America. 纽约的史蒂芬桑代姆和伦敦的安德鲁罗伊特韦伯证明可以以不同的风格创作出引起轰动的百老汇音乐剧。他们两人,一个是出生于百老汇,另外一个是六十年代伦敦摇滚乐的传人。一个是遗世独立、不动感情的知识分子,谱写的曲子隐晦简约,从不讨好观众。另一个则是光芒四射、热情迸发,创作出铺张华丽的狂剧,吸引了前所未有的人潮。音乐评论家偏爱前者,纵然他的作品成功与失败参半。观众则喜欢后者,尽管评论界没有几个人对观众的这种热情表示赞许。他们两人总共创作了22部音乐剧,赢得了八项托尼奖。桑代姆的西域故事在百老汇一炮打响,上演了1200场,场场爆满,而韦伯的猫则风靡15年,单在美国每周的收入就高达二百万美元,更不用说,在欧洲和拉丁美洲的本土化版本。 Lloyd Webber has dominated(占主要地位) the box office(票房). But his talent(才能) is a matter of controversy(争论). Some view him as a melodic(旋律的,音乐悠扬) genius(天才) who, ailing(病) theater.Others discount(折扣) him as master of pastiche(拼凑) who stitcher(缝合) together everthing from country-and-Western to big-band (乐队)jazz(爵士乐) to create music that is accessible(可得到的) but thin. Sentiments(情感) are drawn broadly in a Lloyd Webber show. Big tunes(曲调)are hammered(捶打) home by repetition(重复) so that the audience leaves humming(哼) the melodies. But critics say “Their very mediocrity(庸俗) makes them easy on the ear.” Lloyd Webber在票房纪录方面独居榜首。但对他的才能颇受争议。有些人认为他是音乐的奇才,他几乎是单枪匹马为气息奄奄的剧院吸引来了一批年轻的新观众。但是也有人贬之为拼凑大师,只不过是把从乡村音乐到大乐队爵士音乐的各种音乐拼凑在一起成为通俗易懂,但内涵单薄的音乐,Lloyd Webber的音乐剧善于煽情。主调反复回环使观众在散场时就已经能够哼出旋律。不过评论家认为,“平庸是听众易于听懂的原因。”Sondheim never embraced(拥抱) optimism(乐观主义) and sentimentality(情感). In a Sondheim story, love fosters(培育) betrayal (背叛)or disenchantment(使脱离魔力或幻想).Characters are troubled(烦恼的), ambivalent(内心矛盾的), confused(困惑的), Audiences who expected a lighthearted(非常轻松的), old-fashioned(老式的) diversion(消遣,娱乐,转向) felt restless(不安) and adrift(茫然). Nine of his 14 shows lost money. Yet as a stylist(文体家), Sondheim is without equal. Many professionals (专业)consider him the worlds best lyricist(歌词作曲家). They praise his wit(才智), literacy(学问) and sophistication(老练,世故). Sondheim is the one who sets the standards, the one whom composers emulate(赶上,超过).桑代姆从来就摒弃乐观基调和滥用感情。在他的作品中,爱情遭到背叛,或趋于幻灭。剧中的人物烦恼、矛盾、困惑。期待轻松、愉快和传统消遣的观众会感到百无聊赖、莫名其妙。他的十四部音乐剧中有九部是赔钱的。但是作为一位具有独特风格的作家,桑代姆是无与伦比。许多专业人士认为他是全世界上最优秀的歌词作家。对他的才智、学问和成熟老练赞誉有加。桑代姆是树立标杆的标兵,是作曲家们竟相赶超的目标。With their new shows,the two composers seem to have moved a notch(指创作风格) closer. In “Phantom (幽灵)of the Opera9歌剧)” Lloyd Webber has turned toward classical (古典的)seriousness (严肃)with for less dependence(依靠) on pastiche(拼凑) and rock. Instead, its operatic sweep(扫动 挥动) is brilliant(有才华的,明亮的) enough to enter the repertoire (曲目,节目)of the Opera of Cologne,Germany.There is promise that his aspirations(转向) to critical(关键的) respect will purge (洗刷)him of his undeniable (不可否认的)vulgarities(粗俗). Coincidentally9与此同时) Sondheims “Into the Woods”seems to have become soft and served up conventional (传统的)and sereved and more-palatable(可口的) fare(伙食). By being overly(过度的,极度) explicit(清楚) and didactic(说教的), critics say, he has forfeited(丧失,没收) the dramatic(戏剧的) tension(紧张) in his work. It may be that Sondheim has tired(厌烦) of being a cult(崇拜) figure(人物) with a narrow, al beit(虽然) fanatical(狂热的), following.随着他们新作品的问世,这两位作曲家的创作风格似乎在互相靠拢,在剧院魅影作品中, Webber又转向古典音乐的严肃,拼凑和摇滚的成分少得多了。取而代之的那种磅礴的气势十分突出,使之有望成为德国科隆歌剧院的剧目之一,并最终可能使评论家肃然起敬,从而洗刷他无可否认的粗俗。与此同时,桑代姆的走进树林也似乎有所软化,给观众献上一顿更合乎传统口味的精神大餐。评论家则认为他的作品过于直白又有说教之嫌,因而就失去了戏剧的张力,也许桑代姆对做受人崇拜的偶像已经感到厌倦,他的追随者虽然狂热但毕竟人数不多。The Ancient Greek Civilization 古希腊文明Practically(几乎,实际地、实用地) every serious study of Western history and the roots of the modern Western world starts with or very quickly focuses(焦点,重点) on the ancient (古代的)Greeks and their achievements(成就). Everything Western is not rightfully(公正地,有理由地、合法地) traced(追溯) back to.the Greeks. Christianity(基督教), though influenced(影响) by the great Greek thinker Plato and the Romans, is essentially(基本上) near Eastern in spirit and content. Our Western legal(法律的) system is probably more influenced by the Romans; and our prose literature(散文文体) comes from traditions that evolved(进化,发展) well after(之后) the heyday(全盛时期) of Greek civilization. Still, our poetry(诗歌) is inspired (鼓动,影响)by ancient Greek poetry and virtually(实际上) every ideal (理想)(traditional or modern) unique(唯一的,独特的) to the West is derived(起源于) from the ancient Greeks-particularly(特别地) ancient Athens(雅典).几乎每一项对西方历史和现代西方世界起源的严肃研究,都是从研究古希腊人及其成就开始,或很快就以此为研究的重点。但西方的一切并非都是完全承袭于古希腊。基督教虽然受到古希腊伟大的思想家柏拉图和古罗马人的影响,但其精神与教义实质上源于近东。我们西方的法制可能更多的受罗马人的影响,我们的散文传统是在希腊文明的全盛时期之后相当长时间才逐渐形成的。尽管如此,我们的诗歌确实到古希腊诗歌的影响,西方独特的理想无论是传统的还是现代的几乎无一不来源于古希腊,特别是古代的雅典。Greek civilizatiom came to be founded(成立、建立), in large part. On the ideals of freedom,optimism(乐观主义), secularism(现世主义), rationalism(理性主义), the glorification(赞美) of both body and mind,and a high regard (重视)for the dignity(尊严) and worth(价值) of the individual.(个人) 希腊文明大都基于以下的理想,即:自由、乐观、现世主义、理性主义、对肉体与精神的赞美、对个人尊严和个人价值的重视。Though ancient Greeks had a great deal of respect (尊重)for their gods(神),they did not feel they were in control (控制)of their lives. Instead (然而),the Greeks came to believe that the thoughts(思想) and action(行动) of mankind(人类) were determinded(决定) by human beings(人) . That being the case(情况) , the Greeks strove to understand the world and to guide(指导) their future by rational (理性的)and logical (逻辑)thoughts ,not by superstitions (迷信)or emotions(情感) .They believed that man was the greatest of creatures(生物) on earth and that both body and the mind should be actively(积极地) developed and encouraged (鼓励)to grow and become as strong as possible . Finally , the ancient Greeks felt that each separate(分开的) and different person deserved(应该) to be treated(对待) fairly(公平地) and justly(公正地) . They believed that each person had his own dignity and worthingness(价值) that could never be taken away(剥夺) and should never attacked(攻击) ,assaulted(侵犯) ,suppressed(压制),denied(否定) ,or ignored (忽视)by anyone else even the highest of kings or the most powerful (有力的)of people .虽然古希腊人对他们的神十分崇拜,但他们并没有觉得自己是神的奴隶,或者自己的生活是受神控制的。相反,希腊人认为人类的思想和行动都取决于人类自身。因此,古希腊人力图通过理性和逻辑思维来了解世界、指引未来,而并非依赖迷信和情感。他们认为人是世界上最伟大的生物,人的肉体和精神都应得到积极的发展,促使其成长,变得越来越强壮。最后,古希腊人觉得每一个不同的人都应受到公平公正的对待。他们认为每个人都有自己的尊严和价值,这是任何人都绝不能剥夺、攻击、侵犯、压制、否定或忽略的,哪怕是至高无上的国王或权势无边的大人物。Their culture(文化) was the first in the history of the West to be based on the primacy(首位) of the intellec(理性). They were the first to believe firmly(坚定地) in the supremacy(至高无上) of free inquiry(探索,研究) . They investigated (调查)any and all subjects without fear and cinsidered no issue or problem beyond (超过)the scope (范围)of mans reaso n(理性)and thought . To them the mind was supreme(至高的) over faith(信仰) or dogma(教条) and logic , and science were superior (优于)to superstition.古希腊文化在西方的历史上第一次把理性放在首位。他们最先坚定地把探索研究自由置于至高无上的地位,他们毫无畏惧地研究任何问题,认为没有任何问题是超越人类的理性和思维能力的。对他们来说,精神凌驾于信仰和教条之上,而逻辑和科学则压倒迷信。英语第三十四课翻译人们越来越意识到生物群落多样性,即:特定的生态系中物种的数量繁多,对地球及人类健康的重要意义。与此同时,也就对物种以及其生境(生物环境)日益减少而深感忧虑。人们对陆栖生物的多样性,尤其是对热带雨林中异常丰富的生物已有颇多的论述。但是,相对而言,海洋生物的多样性则较少提到,尽管珊瑚礁系中丰富的生物与热带雨林中的物种不相上下。一个外星人探测地球时,很可能会首先把注意力放在地球最主要和最独特的特征上,这就是海洋。人类对陆地的偏好有时会妨碍他们对全球问题做出真正的评价。从太空远处看,显而易见,陆地只占地球表面面积的三分之一。由于三分之二的地表都是水而且海栖生物又生活在海洋中不同的深处,海洋中生物生存的三维空间也许要比陆地上的宽广一百倍,并且有地表上百分之九十以上的生物,尽管海洋中独特的物种没有陆地上多。考虑到组成已知物种的主体的是数量巨大的昆虫认为这些物种有一半是栖息于热带雨林似乎就不足为奇了。一位科学家发现,一个热带雨林中,单单一棵树上就有许多不同种类的蚂蚁。虽说物种各不相同,但他们的基因构造决定了他们属于昆虫类,具有世界上七十五万种昆虫的共同特征。倘若强调用基本概括的门和纲来划分,而不是按不同的物种来划分,那么,海栖生物无疑是最多样化的生物。几乎每一种主要的动物和植物都能在海洋中找到与之相应的物种。要充分认识海栖生物的丰富和多样,要从微小的生物着眼。一勺子的海水中所包含的生物大约有一百至十万细菌、细胞和各类在显微镜下才看得见的微动植物,其中包括各种生物的幼虫,从海绵、珊瑚到海星、蛤蜊等等。 The long march 长征“Made in China” lost its novelty(新鲜) long ago .The lable has become ubiquitious(普遍的,无所不在的) in much of the world , affixed(附于) to shoes ,toys ,apparel (服装)and a host (大量)of other items(商品) produced(生产) for global(全球的) companies . What is a novelty ,hovever , are China-made goods sold under Chinese brand (商标,品牌)names . Only a handful(少量的) of Chinese firm so far have the money and the magagement(管理) expertise(技术) to establish (建立)international(国际的)brands most of the vast (大量的)reminder(剩余) are struggling to attain(获得) even national(国内的) recognition(认识.认可) But the pioneering(率先) companies testing (尝试,检验)the waters overseas(海外) could be on the threshold(门槛) of something big.“中国制造”早已失去了它的新鲜感。这个标签在世界许多地方都已经非常普遍,它附在鞋子、玩具、服装和其它许多那些为全球各家公司生产的商品上。现在新鲜的倒是所出售的那些在中国制造又是中国品牌的商品。迄今为止,拥有创立国际品牌的资金和管理技术的中国公司屈指可数。其余许多公司则大部分甚至还在为获得国内的知名度而努力奋争。但率先涉足海外市场试水的那些公司可能很快就要大展宏图。 Some believe that individually , with the help of enterprising(有进取心的) local(地方的) management or eager(热切的,渴望的) multinational(跨国的) partners(伙伴) wanting to add new products to their stable(公司里销售的产品) .Chinese brands could become a global(全球的) phenomenon(现象) within a decade(十年) ,marketed (营销)on quality and exotic(来自外国的,外来的) appeal (吸引力)as well as competitive pricing .says Viveca Chan ,Hongkong based managing director at Grey China ,an advertising agency :”If theres one country in the world that has ample(巨大的) potential(潜力) for taking brands global , its China. 一些人认为在锐意进取的中国地方管理层或急需给自己增添新产品的跨国合作伙伴的帮助下,特定的中国品牌可能会在十年内成为一种全球现象,靠产品产品质量、异国风味和有竞争力的定价而行销市场。总部设在香港的广告公司中国精信的总裁维威卡陈说:“如果说世界上有一个国家具有创立国际品牌的巨大潜力的话,这个国家就是中国。” In the short-term , the strongest promise(希望,答应) is in Chinese medicine ,herbs(草药) and specialty (特色的)food as well as goods that play to the romantic(浪漫的) foreignness of China whether in cosmetics(化妆品) ,fashion or music . Says Kevin Tan , general manager for China of market research firm Taylor Nelson Sofres in Shanghai :”Theres still a lot of mystique (神秘)associated(与联系) with China . If youre taking something like cosmetics , which is image-driven(形象起很大作用) ,suddenly you have got a strong player.” Also making a bid
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