新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态

新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态 本文简介：新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态【复习】一、总述：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice)和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)。新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态【复习】一、总述：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice)和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成。二、被动语态的形式1)常用时态的被动语态的构成：被动语态的基本形式为助动词be及物动词的过去分词，即bedone。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am/is/aregiven一般过去时：was/weregiven一般将来时：shall/willbegiven过去进行时：was/werebeinggiven现在进行时：am/is/arebeinggiven过去完成时：hadbeengiven现在完成时：have/hasbeengiven将来完成时：shall/willhavebeengiven过去将来时：should/wouldbegiven现在完成进行时：have/hasbeenbeingdone含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词bedone注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。Russianisnottaughtinourschool.我们学校不教俄语。3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday昨天山上种了许多树吗？Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall一共被偷了多少钱？三、被动语态使用范围谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。1.Somestampswerestolenlastweek.2.ThePRCwasfoundedonOctober1,1949.3.Footballisplayedinmostmiddleschools.四、主动语态与被动语态的转换1主语谓语宾语练习：将下列各句改为被动语态。Heplantstreesinspring.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.TheyboughttencomputerslasttermAmycantakegoodcareofGinaWearepaintingtherooms.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。注意：把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputer_beenbought.2.主语谓语间接宾语（sb.）直接宾语（sth.）Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。练习1：将下列句子变为被动语态。Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.练习2：在横线上填for或者to.1）Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmade_me.)2)Themeatwascooked_us.3)Mybikewaslent_her.4)Somecountrymusicwasplayed_us.5)Thecupwithmixturewasshowed_theclass.注意：有些既不用to也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。Heaskedmeaquestion.(Aquestionwasaskedofme.)PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.(不用by短语)3.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语带复合宾语(宾语宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：TomatoeswerefirsttakenbacktoEuropeandpeoplecalledthemloveapples.误：Loveappleswerecalledthem.正：Theywerecalledloveapples.五、下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.第三，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第四，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.第六、有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidntcookwell.(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被动句)六、特殊句式在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说Itissaidthat据报导Itisreportedthat据推测Itissupposedthat希望Itishopedthat众所周知Itiswellknownthat普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建议Itissuggestedthat【练习】()1ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English_inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar_inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers_allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust_clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-Idliketobuythatcoat.-Imsorry._.A.itsoldB.itssellingC.ItsbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouse_atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey_onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors_ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook_nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese_ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapers_yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet_behelduntilnextweek.A.didntB.wontC.isntD.doesnt()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Canttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Canttheymended?()16_thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17_thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why_totalkaboutityesterday?A.didntameetingholdB.wasntameetingheldC.wasntheldameetingD.ameetingwasntheld()19Whowasthebook_?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20Where_theseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers_often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmay_fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Thebrokenbike_herebyMr.Smith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_nextmonth.