翻译学课后习题重点总结

翻译学课后习题重点总结翻译学课后习题重点总结翻译学课后习题重点总结 本文简介：翻译的标准（李玉杰）CriteriaofTranslationlAlexanderTytler:lwork;译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容。翻译学课后习题重点总结翻译的标准（李玉杰）CriteriaofTranslationlAlexanderTytler:1.Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork;译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容2.Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal;译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同3.Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.译文应像原文一样流畅自然lNidaFunctionalequivalence功能对等Inthelightoflinguisticorientation,translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.(Nida)（翻译是用最恰当、自然和对等的语言从语义到文体再现源语的信息）lYanFuFaithfulness,expressivenessandelegance信、达、雅lQianZhongshuSublimation化境lFuLeiSimilarityinspirit神似lLuXunFaithfulnessandsmoothness忠实、通顺lLiuZhongdeFaithfulness,expressivenessandcloseness信达切lGuZhengkunPolyadiccomplementarystandard多元互补标准lChenHongweiCorrespondenceinmeaningandsimilarityinfunction意义相符功能相似lEquivalence等值lEquivalenteffect等效Chapter1（戴越越）1.翻译的本质Inthelightoflinguisticorientation,translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.(Nida)Bysignsinvolvedinit,intralingualtranslation,interlingualtranslationandintersemiotictranslation.(RomanJakobson)Translationisinessenceduringdifferentinformationexchangeandcommunication.(textbook)5.翻译学研究的思维特点1)Combinationofsystematicanalysisandsystematiccomprehension2)Combinationofverticalorientationandlandscapeorientation3)Combinationofaccuracyandambiguity4)Combinationofradiationandconvergence5)Combinationofrecallandadvance6.翻译学的学科特点TranslatologyisalsocalledScienceofTranslationorStudyofTranslation.Translatologyisasciencetostudytranslation.Itisacomprehensivescienceconsistingofgeneraltranslatology,specialtranslatologyandappliedtranslatology.Itdealswithgenerallawsoftranslation,studiesoftranslationwithspecialreferencetoChineseandEnglish,andmethodstoapplytheoriestopractice.8.新老三论的内容1).PhilosophicMethod2).HorizontalMethod3).DisciplineMethod9.什么是学科方法翻译中常用的学科方法有？Differentlanguageshavethesamestructuralprincipal:1).Consonantvowel2).Intonation3).Extendingfromconcretetoabstract4).Reasonableword5).Adj.N.;Adv.V.6).Coordination7).Shiftofperspective8).Subjectpredicate9).Activeandpassive10).Negative,interrogative,commandChapter2（段娟）Association:4，联想：联想既是译者在接受原文时的一种途径和方法，也是再传播过程中再创造的基础。联想是在一定条件下所产生的对原文文本的一种偏离。但这种偏离又不违背原文文本的整体性意义和底蕴与内涵，往往使译文更生动，形象，更富于创作性。想象不同于联想，它并不只局限于形象性而是基于原文的总体框架和意蕴，而产生出更大的创造性，它可以使原文的片断变成整体，使部分变成圆满，空缺得到填充，不定得到确定，他是一种创造意识。5，Functionsandstatusoftheoriginaltext:Theoriginaltextisthemediumoftheauthorandtranslator.Translationisarewritingoftheoriginaltext.8，所谓“权力”，是指一切控制力与支配力所谓“话语”，这一术语在Foucalt(福柯)那里，早已超出语言学和文艺学中的话语概念。它是“权力”的表现形式，所有权力都是通过话语来实现的。原因：译者的知识结构，教育背景，经历与经验，都会形成不同于别人的先在结构，他又是以这种先在结构作为基础参与作者对话的，其对话后生成的意义必然不可能完全与他人相同。12，Multiplicityoftranslationcriteria信、达、雅忠实、通顺神似化境等值等效Faithfulness,expressivenessandeleganceFaithfulnessandsmoothnessSimilarityinspiritSublimationEquivalenceEquivalenteffect可以说，对于翻译活动而言，企图定出一条放之四海而皆准的标准时不可能的。它必须是多元的，它们之间有各自的侧重，又可以互为补充。Chapter3（李玢伟）（1）1.Whateverrelationofthetwoobjectsis,substitutionorassociation,symboldoesnotrefertotheobjectitself,hencethemeaningcomesout;2.Symbolhasamaterialform,otherwise,itcannotbeawarebythereceiver;3.Symbolprocessincludessenderandreceiver,thatis,arelationofsubjectandobject.（4）老师没有给出具体的答案，在书上第84-85页。（5）老师没有给出具体的答案，在书上第86-87页。(15)老师没有给出具体的答案，在书上第154，第159-160页。（这道题我没有勾，但是其他同学勾上了，所以我还是找答案了！）Chapter4（黄先群）（这章老师没有给题目，就总结了一下PPT）ObjectiveStudy-MeaningSearchingMeaningisthecombinationofthetwo(YizhiandYiwei).Translationistranslatingmeaning.(Nida)Meaningisthetieofthesubjectandobject.Itisalsothetieofmanandtheworld.Translationisacrosscultural,crossinterlingualcommunicativeactivity.OriginalTextTheDecisiveAsWellAstheOpenOneP168的四点问题（1）Thelanguagetheauthorusedwithpersonalexperienceandemotionalforce（2）Thedistancebetweentheauthorandthelanguageheused（3）Theabstractandambiguityofthelanguageitself（4）Differentpeople,differentunderstandingHeteronomyoftheText-theMainEvidenceofTranslatorLiteralworkscontainnotonlyauthorythmicitybutalsoheteronomy.Languageisatoolofcommunication.AspectFeaturesofLiteraryTextIngargenputforward:Therearefiveaspectsinthecombinationofformandcontents:(1)Sound(2)Combinationofmeaningfulunits(3)Representedobject(4)Schematizedaspects(5)MetaphysicalqualityProf.TongQingbingputforward:Therearethreeaspectsintheliterarytext:(1)Literaldiscourse(2)Literaryimage(3)LiteraryimplicationTextofLawandItsTranslationThefollowingrulesshouldbefollowed:1.Clearinorder2.Accurateinlanguage3.Seriousinwriting4.FormalinstyleTextofAdvertisementandItsTranslationAdvertisementhasthefollowingfunctions:InformativefunctionAestheticfunctionExpressivefunctionVocativefunctionPrinciple:SimilarityinfunctionSloganofAdvertisement:Literaltranslation,shiftofperspectiveandimitativetranslation:Chapter5（孙晓莉）1Whatispowerdiscourse?(P207)PowerdiscoursetheoryisputforwardbyFrenchphilosopherMichelFoucaultwhodefined“power”asallthethingsandconceptsthatcoulddirectandcontrolpeoplesideasandbehaviors.Anddiscourseinhistheoryisfarbeyondthatinlinguisticsandliterature.Accordingtohim,discourseistheformofpowerandallpowercomeintoeffectinthewayofdiscourse,namely,infact,powerreferstothepowertodeliveradiscourse.Restrictionsfrompowerdiscourse:ExternalControl-SocietyControl/IdeologyControlInternalControlofLanguages2Whatfunctionsdocontexthave?Contexthas8functions:(accordingto西桢光正教授P219)AbsolutefunctionRestrictivefunctionExplanatoryfunctionDesignfunctionOmissionandamplificationfunctionGenerativefunctionTransformationalfunctionAcquisitionfunctionChapter6（易三琴）1.翻译主体有哪些责任？社会责任socialresponsibility学术责任academicresponsibility道德责任moralresponsibility2.翻译者的主体性在传统翻译研究中为什么不受重视？因为对于大多数不懂外文的人来说，它们往往把译文文本当作原文文本来读，以为至理，以为指南3.主体和客体的关系是什么？在翻译活动中是如何体现的？主体和客体是一对关系范畴，它们互相规定，彼此依存。4.译者的再创造性主要体现在哪几个方面？“Recreation”mainlyembodiesthefollowing:Psychologicalattentionandaestheticexpectationbeforereading;Recreationandreconstructionoftextintheprocessofreading;Textreconstructionintheprocessoftranslation5.为什么说译者既有主动的一面又有被动的一面？因为它受着外界的制约，也受着客体本身的制约Chapter7（陈咏梅）5语义成分成分分析在翻译活动中起到怎样的作用？（P302-310）ComponentialAnalysislWordcanbedividedintosememeswhichcanbecalledsemanticfeatureorsemanticcomponents.Thismethodiscalledcomponentialanalysis.lThefunctionofthecomponentialanalysisistohelpthetranslatorunderstandtheaccuratemeaningofwordsinoriginaltext.lComponentialanalysisisalsoagoodwayforcheckingwhentranslationisdone.lComponentialanalysisisaneffectivewayindoingaccuratetranslation,gettingthetextfullyunderstoodandassuringthequalityoftranslation.lComponentialanalysisisanimportantstepincontrolactivityintranslation.11.翻译腔的问题应如何看待？(P316-318)AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTranslationese13.风格是否可译？在风格翻译中影遵循怎样的原则？（P319-330）Languagestylereferstolan