综合英语4,unit 2

SpaceInvader Onthesubway openspacescreateazoneofcomfort ArmrestsonalongbenchinCentralParkallowforamplebreathingroom InUnionSquare afewfeetbetweenwomengoesalongwaytowardeasingtensionsaboutbeinginabusyarea SPACEINVADERS Pre readingquestionsWhatisthedefinitionof personalspace Ispersonalspaceimportanttoyou Whyorwhynot Arethereanyexampleswhenyouhavefeltthatyourpersonalspacewasbeinginvaded Canyoudescribethese Howdidyoufeelwhenthishappened Whatispersonalspace Personalspacecanbeviewedasanextensionofthehumanbody There redifferenttypes zonesofpersonalspace Whatarethem Therearefourdistinctzonesofpersonalspace theintimatezone forwhisperingandembracing thepersonalzone forconversingwithclosefriends thesocialzone forconversingwithacquaintances andthepubliczone forinteractingwithstrangers Personalspacecanbeimaginedasakindofbubblesurroundingapersonthatprotectshisorherprivacyandwhichotherpeoplemaynotnormallyenter Allowingsomebodytogetverycloseandenteryourpersonalspacemaybeasignoftrustorlove Ontheotherhand intrudingother spersonalspacecanberatheroffensive Theamountofspacepeopleneedtofeelaroundthemvarieswithvariousfactors suchasculture sex familiaritybetweenpeople crowdednessofthesituation etc Forexample Culturalinformation1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation peoplefromculturesthatlikealotofpersonalspacefeelawkwardandembarrassedwhensomebodycomestooclosetothem peopleofthesamesexmaysitorstandclosertoeachotherthantosomebodyoftheoppositesex strangersandcasualacquaintancesusuallyneedmorespacethanfriendsandmembersofthesamefamilywhoknoweachotherwell inanoisystreetpeoplemayneedtostandcloserthantheywouldnormally simplyinordertoheareachother Culturalinformation2 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation Is personalspace atermoftheseventies Isitoutofdatenowadays Canyouthinkofanyothertroublewehavenowadays Structuralanalysis PartI Paragraphs1 2 Thewritercallsthereader sattentiontotheinvasionofpersonalspacebyrelatinganexperienceofhowhispersonalspacewasinvaded PartII Paragraphs3 7 Thewriteranalyzessomelikelycausesoftheshrinkageofpersonalspace andattributestheinvasionofpersonalspacetothegeneraldeclineofgoodmanners PartIII Paragraph8 9 Theauthorpresentshisviewabouttheessenceofpersonalspace i e itispsychological ratherthanphysical andurgespeopleto expandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace 1 untilwewereallhugger mugger likeaSlinky Paragraph1 2 Thephrase personalspace hasaquaint Paragraph2 3 I vewonderedifit stheseason muchless Paragraph4 4 Orperhapstheproliferation keeptothemselves Paragraph4 5 weallowallkinds withoutthem Paragraph5 6 Don ttreadonme withaspread Paragraph5 sentenceparaphrase 7 Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography Paragraph5 8 Thedeclineofmannershasbeenwidelylamented Paragraph6 9 I vealsonoticedan manifestdestiny Paragraph7 10 individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes Paragraph7 11 personalspaceispsychological notphysical innerspace Paragraph8 12 Inthesamewaythatthebreeze boundariesofpersonalspace Paragraph9 sentenceparaphrase Detailedreading1 untilwewere 1 untilwewereallhugger muggeragainsteachother theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky Paragraph1 Paraphrase untilwewereallpushingagainsteachother leavingthelineindisorder Detailedreading 2 Thephrase personalspace hasaquaint seventiesringtoit Paragraph2 Thephrase personalspace soundsold fashionedandremindsoneoftheseventies Paraphrase Detailedreading4 I vewondered 3 I vewonderedifit stheseason T shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring ormuch muchless Paragraph4 Paraphrase ithaspassedthroughmymindthatmaybethecause ofthespaceinvasion istheseason summermaymakepeoplewanttobeclosertothosewhosephysicalattractionisrevealedbylightsummerclothing thoughitmayalsomakethemwishtomovefurtherawayfromthosesmellingunpleasantlyofperspiration Detailedreading Detailedreading4 Orperhaps 4 OrperhapstheproliferationofcoffeebarsinManhattan isinfusingsomuchcaffeineintothealreadyjanglinglocalsthatpeoplecannolongerkeeptothemselves Paragraph4 Paraphrase OrperhapstheincreasingcoffeebarsinManhattan attractmoreandmorepeople whoarestimulatedandexcitedbythecaffeinetheytakein sothattheybecomeeagertomeetothersandnolongerwanttoremaininprivate Detailedreading Detailedreading5 weallow 5 weallowallkindsofinvasionsofpersonalspaceinprivate Humanitywouldn texistwithoutthem Paragraph5 Paraphrase privatelyweallowpeoplewithwhomwehavecloserelationshipstoenterourpersonalspaceinavarietyofways Indeed intheabsenceofsexualintimacy noneofuswouldbehere Detailedreading Detailedreading5 Thelogistics 7 Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography Paragraph5 Paraphrase Peopleindifferentregionsaregivendifferentsizesofpersonalspace Detailedreading 6 Don ttreadonme couldhavebeencoinedonlybysomeonewithaspread Paragraph5 Don tstepintomyspace Thiscouldonlyhavebeeninventedbypeoplewhohaveafarmandthusalargespacealltheirown Paraphrase Detailedreading6 Thedeclineof 8 Thedeclineofmannershasbeenwidelylamented Paragraph6 Paraphrase Manyhaveexpressedregretatthedeteriorationofmanners Detailedreading Detailedreading7 I vealsonoticed 9 I vealsonoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkofasspaceinvaders mini territorialexpansionistswhoseizepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny Paragraph7 Paraphrase I vealsonoticedthattheproblemofspaceinvasionhasbecomemoreandmoreserious andthatspaceinvaders actinginthewayterritorialexpansionistsusuallydo takeitforgrantedthattheyhavetherighttoseizepublicspace Detailedreading Detailedreading6 7 individualsroutinely 10 individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes Paragraph7 Paraphrase individuals asusual occupytheboothsandseatswhicharedesignedforfourpeople Detailedreading Detailedreading8 personalspace 11 personalspaceispsychological notphysical ithaslesstodowiththespaceoutsideusthanwithourinnerspace Paragraph8 Paraphrase personalspaceismoreapsychologicalmatterthanaphysicalone Asfaraswefeelcomfortableinourmind itdoesnotmatterwhetherourphysicalpersonalspaceislargeorsmall Detailedreading Detailedreading9 Inthesame 12 Inthesamewaythatthebreezefromabutterfly swingsinJapanmayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia Ihavedecidedtoexpandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace Paragraph9 Paraphrase Theauthorhopesthathisownstandagainsttheshrinkingofpersonalspace whilesmallinitself willnonethelesseventuallyhaveadramaticeffectinthesamewayasthebreezefromabutterfly swingsinJapan ifitinitiatesachainofwaves mayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia Detailedreading Detailedstudy Para 1 Theauthorisverycarefulwithhischoiceofwordsinhisdescription Describetheactionsinwords Aseriesofverbphrasesandadverbsareusedtovividlydescribetheprocess TextAnalysis Part Iwasatthebank Iwasstandinginalinesnakingaroundsometiredvelvetrope drooping loosenedorslackened AmurderousknifeThosepurposelessdaysCarrieleadsquiteabusylife 西雅图不眠夜SleeplessSeatleTransferredepithet inwhichanadj properlymodifyingonenounisshiftedtoanothernouninthesamesentence Eg theworkersarerepairingthebuildingonadizzyheight Hewasashamedofhishumblescoresantheexamination 移位修饰 transferredepithet 将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词 例如 Therewasashort thoughtfulsilence 出现了一阵短暂的 令人沉思的寂静 Theoldmanputareassuringhandonmyshoulder 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上 Heclosedhisbusylifeattheageofsixty 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生 Thisisthecheapestmarketinthiscountry 这是这个国家最便宜的市场了 Vividdescription 1 amaninasweat suit 2 me 3 thewomanreadingtheWallStreetJournal 4 themanscribblingacheck 5 white hairedlady inchingtoward advancedtoward sidleupto shuffledtoward inhiseagerness minutely inmildannoyance absent mindedly Chaineffects causechaos Weweresohugger mugger theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky slowalinethatisnotstraightandordered 原本松松垮垮的队伍早已挤做一团 跟压缩的弹簧似的 Slinkyasatoy 机灵鬼 一种用软弹簧做成的会翻跟头的玩具 slinkyasadj Sextuallyattractive Self learning inch sidle inchforward past through v moveslowlyandcarefullyinaspecifieddirectionHeinchedhiswaythroughanarrowpassage sidleover uptosb sidlealong past away v walkinaquietorcautiousway asifyoudon twantanyonetonoticeyouAmansidleduptomeandaskedifIwantedaticketforthematch shuffle v walkwithoutliftingyourfeetproperlyoffthegroundHeslippedonhisshoesandshuffledoutoftheroom shufflearound v moveyourfeetaboutwhilestandingormoveyourbottomaroundwhilesitting oftenbecauseyoufeeluncomfortableorembarrassed Sheshuffledaroundinherchair Heshuffledthequestionoffandchangedthetopic Sheshuffledoutofthechoresbysayingthatshewasill Translation 囚犯们沿着走廊拖着脚步进入牢房 Theprisonersshuffledalongthecorridorandintotheircells 他一向总是能狡猾地摆脱任何困难 我们不知道他这回又要耍什么花招 He salwaysbeenabletoshuffleoutofanydifficulty Wedon tknowhowhewilldothistime 物价在缓慢下降 Pricesareinchingdown Para 2 personalspace Whatisthewriter spersonalspace 18 1foot 10 impossibletomeasure hasaquaint seventiesringtoit Likethetwelevelimitaroundnationalshores ourindividualborderwhichnostrangercanpenetratewithoutmakingusuneasy 1inch 2 54cm1foot 30cm Analogy类比 Whatis personalspace Imaginarybubble feelcomfortable individualboundaryorterrotory morephychlogicalthanphisical Moveable changeable Proxemics 空间关系学 ThestudyofthedistancebetweenpeopleastheyinteractIncloseproximityto Zonesforpersonalspace Intimatedistance 0 1 5feet betweenclosefriends familymembers showaffection givecomfortorprotect Personaldistance 1 5 4feet mostconversation Socialdistance 4 10feet lesspersonalsituations inbusinessorworkshop Publicdistance 10feet lecture churches publicgathering Paraphrase Thephrase personalspace hasaquaint seventiesringtoit butitisoneofthosegratifyingexpressionsthatareintuitivelyunderstoodbyallhumanbeings Thephrasesoundsold fashionedandremindspeopleofseventies butitisanexpressionthatwillmakepeoplefeelsatisfiedandthatisinstinctivelyunderstood ring singular aparticularqualitythatsomethingsuchasastatementseemstohave Heraccounthasaringofauthenticityaboutit havearingoftruth Hisversionofeventshadaringoftruth haveafamiliarring Thisstorymayhaveafamiliarringtoit TextAnalysis Part Para 3 examplesofspaceinvasion Inourdailylife canyougivesomeexamplesofpersonalspaceinvasion Funnyexamples howcloseistooclose Examplesinthetext Inelevators onthestreet onthesubway inlinesattheairport Wedgein zigzag jostle nolongercarveoutzones pressforward Buses elevators theatresandmanyothersimilarplacestendtoreducepersonalspace Peopleroutinelyfindthemselvesinsuchsituationstendtohavesmallerpersonalspaceandmoretoleranceforspaceinvasion wedge v forceintoanarrowspace fixsth inpositionbyusingawedgeorsth else把门打开 用报纸抵住门让它开着 Openthedoorandwedgeitopenwithnewspapers 用一些纸片塞在桌脚 那样它就不会摇晃了 Wedgepiecesofpaperinbetweenthelegandtheflooranditwon tbeshakyanymore 我如果不在的话 把作业塞进门缝吧 IfI mnotin wedgeyourhomeworkunderthedoor jostle v Itwassosadtheonce intimatebrothersnowjostledwitheachotherforthelegacyleftbytheirfather press v 很多人挤在她身边 她进不了门 Somanypeoplepressedaroundherthatshecouldn tgetintothehouse 支持者们围着她 争相要她的签名 Fanswerepressingaroundher alltryingtogetherautograph Fidget fidget about withsth v youkeepmovingyourhandsorfeetslightlyorchangingyourpositionslightly forexamplebecauseyouarenervous bored orexcited Itisbadmannerstofidgetaboutwiththeknivesandforksattable 她经常为她母亲的健康而烦躁不安 Sheisalwaysfidgetingabouthermother shealth fidgety adj restlessorinclinedtofidget MalthusianLogic马尔萨斯人口论 ThomasRobertMalthus Britisheconomistandclergyman EssayonPopulationHearguedthatwithoutthepracticeof moralrestraint thepopulationtendstoincreaseatagreaterratethanitsmeansofsubsistence unlesswar famine ordiseaseoreffortsaremadetolimitpopulation Paraphrase T shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring ormuch muchless Summermayeithermakepeoplewanttobeclosertoeachotherormorelikely keepadistancebetweeneachother Manhattan ManhattanIsland anislandinNewYorkcitysurroundedbytheHudson East andHarlemrivers Languagework Sth isrelentless adj sthbadneverstopsorneverbecomeslessintense 我快要疯了 邻居的小孩不停在哭 Therelentlesscryingofachildoftheneighbordriesmecrazy Sb isrelentless adj determinedtodosthandrefusetogiveup evenifwhatisbeingdoneisunpleasantorcruel Relentlessinhispursuitofknowledge hebecameawell respectedscholar relent v decidetobelessstrict determinedorharshThepressureforustofinishtheprojectintimewillnotrelent infuse vt Fillwith注入InfusesbwithsthInfusesthintosbHisspeechinfusedthemenwithadesiretowin Keepto Keeptothepoint don ttrytoshuffleofftheconcernedtopic Thingswillonlyworkoutifweallkeeptotheplan Sheisoldandfeeble sothatshealwayskeepstothehouse Nobodyknowshimmuchforheusuallykeepstohimself Iwillbeverygratefulifyoucankeepittoyourself Para 5 Geographicaldifferences Theamountofspacepeopleneedtofeelaroundthemvarieswithvariousfactors suchasculture sex familiaritybetweenpeople crowdednessofthesituation etc MorePSlessPSinColorado US inCalcutta India NorthernHemisphereSouthernHemisphereEnglishmenBrazilians Point to pointcontrast TreadonTreadonsb stoeTreadonair践踏Someonewithaspread Impudentspaceinvaders I vealsonoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkofasspaceinvaders mini territorialexpansionistswhoseizethepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny I vealsonoticedthattheproblemofspaceinvasionbecomesmoreandmoreserious andthosespaceinvaders actinginthesamewayastheterritorialexpansionistusuallydo seizepublicspaceasamatterofcourse Manifestdestiny天定命运论 ranks theranks thepeoplewhobelongtoaparticulargroupororganizationThedemocratsnowfaceoppositionfromwithintheirranks ThatsummerIleftschoolandjoinedtheranksoftheunemployed 越来越多党内人士不支持党的领导层 Thepartyleadershipisloosingsupportintheranks Doyouagreewiththewriter sviewinthisrespect orwhatdoyouthinkcanotherfactorscauseit TextAnalysis Part Languagework lament lament for over sth v expresssadness regret ordisappointmentaboutit mainlyformalorwritten Kenbegantolament for thedeathofhisonlyson lamentthat v toexpressannoyanceordisappointmentaboutsomethingyouthinkisunsatisfactoryorunfairHelamentedthathisbosshadexpectedtoomuchofhim Exercise 他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励 Theyattributetheirsuccesstotheirteacher sencouragement Para 4 7 8 Whatarethepossiblereasonsforthetendency Morepeople lessspace Theseasonmakesproximitymorealluring less Stimulatingeffectsofcaffeine Culturalandgeographicaldifferenceinpersonalspace 5 Thedeclineofmanners 6 Impudentspaceinvaders mini territorialexpansionists 7 Theshrinkageofourpsychologicalspace Para 8 9 Howdoyouunderstandtheauthor sopinion personalspaceispsychological notphysical Isuspectthattheshrinkingofpersonalspaceisdirectlyproportionaltotheexpansionofself absorption Themoreself absorbedpeoplebecomeinsociety thelesstheycareaboutothers thesmallerpersonalspaceleftforeveryone themorepersonalspaceinvasions HumanGenomeProject Anatt