Unit 4.doc

Unit 4一、知识点1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即 虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：句 型 条件从句 主 句would+动词原形谓语动词形式 动词过去式(be 动词一律用were)即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 一般过去时(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间)If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now.pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事The students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in.pretend +从句假装 I pretended that I fell asleep.3. be late for 迟到如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些修饰可数名词a little 一些修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的修饰可数名词little 少数的 修饰不可数名词但两者表否定意义如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。5. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树8. what if + 从句如果怎么办， 要是 又怎么样如：What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？9. add sth. to sth. 添加到如： I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。10. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好11. too +形/副+to do sth. 太而不能如：Im too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。12. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松13. in public 在公共场所如:Dont smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。14. energetic adj. 活力的如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。energy n. 活力如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。15. ask sb. to do 叫做某事tell sb. to do 告诉做某事如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.三、句子1.He doesnt know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。2.You shouldnt worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。3.What will you do if you had a million dollars?如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？4.If I were you, I d take a small present.如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。5.Im too tired to do well.我太累了，没考好。6.Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。7.What are you like? 你是什么样的人？8.Id invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭。9.You enjoy the company of otherpeople.你喜欢别人的陪伴。10. I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。12.She doesnt want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。13.If I were you, Ill get out of here.如果我是你，我会离开这里。虚拟语气一、词的语气指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。（在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气）英语中的语气分为三类：陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）祈使语气（用于祈使句）虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）二、虚拟语气如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句eg If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 表示与现在事实相反的情况If I were you, Id take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.（事实：学习不用功） 从句例句 主句谓语动词形式 wereIf+主语 did were to do 表示与现在事实相反表示与过去事实相反表示对将来情况主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小If it rained tomorrow ，our picnic would be put off. should/would/could/might+动词原形表示与过去事实相反的情况eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）If he had taken my advice, he would not ha