写好英语演讲稿的必备技巧.docx

写好英语演讲稿的必备技巧TED英语演讲稿： 八个成功的秘籍This is really a two-hour presentation I give to high school students, cut down to three minutes. And it all started one day on a plane, on my way to TED, seven years ago. And in the seat next to me was a high school student, a teenager, and she came from a really poor family. And she wanted to make something of her life, and she asked me a simple little question. She said, What leads to success?And I felt really badly, because I couldnt give her a good answer. So I get off the plane, and I come to TED. And I think, jeez, Im in the middle of a room of successful people! So why dont I ask them what helped them succeed, and pass it on to kids? So here we are, seven years, 500 interviews later, and Im gonna tell you what really leads to success and makes TED-sters tick.And the first thing is passion. Freeman Thomas says, Im driven by my passion. TED-sters do it for love; they dont do it for money. Carol Coletta says, I would pay someone to do what I do. And the interesting thing is: if you do it for love,es anyway.Work! Rupert Murdoch said to me, Its all hard work. Nothing comes easily. But I have a lot of fun. Did he say fun? Rupert? Yes! TED-sters do have fun working. And they work hard. I figured, theyre not workaholics. Theyre workafrolics.Good! Alex Garden says, To be successful put your nose down in something and get damn good at it. Theres no magic; its practice, practice, practice.And its focus. Norman Jewison said to me, I think it all has to do with focusing yourself on one thing.And push! David Gallo says, Push yourself. Physically, mentally, youve gotta push, push, push. You gotta push through shyness and self-doubt. Goldie Hawn says, I always had self-doubts. I wasnt good enough; I wasnt smart enough. I didnt think Id make it. Now its not always easy to push yourself, and thats why thers. (Laughter) Frank Gehry - Frank Gehry said to me, My mother pushed me.Serve! Sherwin Nuland says, It was a privilege to serve as a doctor. Now a lot of kids tell me they want to be millionaires. And the first thing I say to them is: OK, well you cant serve yourself; you gotta serve others something of value. Because thats the way people really get rich.Ideas! TED-ster Bill Gates says, I had an idea: founding the first micro-computer software company. Id say it was a pretty good idea. And theres no magic to creativity in coming up with ideas - its just doing some very simple things. And I give lots of evidence.Persist! Joe Kraus says, Persistence is the number one reason for our success. You gotta persist through failure. You gotta persist through crap! Which of course means Criticism, Rejection, Assholes and Pressure. (Laughter) So, the big - the answer to this question is simple: Pay 4,000 bucks and come to TED. Or failing that, do the eight things - and trust me, these are the big eight things that lead to success.Thank you TED-sters for all your interviews!Richard在开头讲了一个小故事，说7年前在飞机上有个小女孩问他怎么才能成功，他答不上来，于是他用了7年时间，采访了500位成功人士，得出了如下结论：1.PASSION热情Do ney 爱上这事情，而不是为了钱。2.Work努力工作Its all hard work.Nothing come easily.But I have a lot of Fun.Rupert Murdoch, big cheese CEO3.Good把它做好To be successful,put your nose down in something and get damn good at it.Alex Garden, game developer4.Focus专注I think it all has to do with focusing yourself to one thingNorman Jewison,filmmaker5.Push推动/敦促Push yourself,Physically mentally,you gotta PUSH PUSH PUSHDavid Gallo,marine scientist6.Serve服务It was aprivelege to serve ad a doctor.–Sherwin nuland ,profassor of surgery Yale7.IDEAS创意Listen/be curous/observe/ask questions/problem/nnetions8.Persist坚持Persistence is the number one reason for our success–Joe Kraus ,co-founder,Excite【激情 passion】做事情要有激情，激情源自驱动力，成功人士总是被热爱驱动。Freeman Thomas 说：“我总是被我的热情所牵引着”TED的讲演者因为热爱才做事情，不是为了钱。Carol Colletta 说：“我会付给别人钱去做我的工作。”有趣的是：如果你是为了热爱而做的，钱自然而然就来了。【努力 work】Rupert Murdoch 曾经告诉过我 “天上不会掉馅饼，做任何事情，都要努力的做，开心的做。” 他提到了乐趣?Rupert?是的!TED讲演者都有一份充满乐趣的工作，而且他们都很刻苦。我觉得，他们都不是工作狂，他们是享受工作狂。【精通 good】不管做什么事情，都要沉浸其中，一定要做到最好。想要做到精通没有秘诀，就是练习，练习，再练习。【专注 focus】“我想成功就要使自己专注于一件事情。”【强迫 push】强迫你自己。你要强迫自己去战胜羞涩和自我怀疑。”Goldie Hawn说：“我总是怀疑自己不够优秀，不够聪明。我从不相信我会成功。”不过自己强迫自己不是容易的事情，这就是为什么要发明妈妈。【服务 serve】现在很多孩子告诉我他们想成为百万富翁。但是我对他们说的是： “好的，但是你不能为你自己服务，”“你要为他人服务，为他人创造价值，因为这就是人们致富的方式。【点子 ideas】怎样才能有创意?要聆听(listen)，要观察(observe)，要有好奇心(be curious)，不懂就问(ask question)，解决问题(problem solve)，创造联系(make connections)。【坚持 persist 】恒心是成功的第一要诀。Joe Kraus 说 :”你必须坚持度过失败，你必须坚持度过crap“ ”这里的crap是指”批评，拒绝，卑鄙小人和压力“相信我， 这重要的八点就是通向成功的秘诀。写好英文演讲稿的关键三点好的演讲首先是一篇好的文章。Abraham Lincoln的Gettysburg Address 或Martin Luther King, Jr的I Have a Dream既是震撼人心的演讲，也是蕴涵深刻而又富有文采的好文章。如果没有好的稿子，演讲者再投入, 声音情感再充沛，也不会触动听众内心。就像没有好剧本，光靠演员演的好是不够的。写好演讲稿，不仅需要结构上的精心构思和文字的推敲斟酌，还要日常阅读的积累和对生活的留意观察。下面是我认为写好演讲稿最关键的有三点。1. 主题明确 (a clear core message)好的演讲稿虽然语言千变万化，但始终围绕一个中心主题。主题就是你演讲的“take-home message”。在准备演讲时，先问自己我要用我的演讲告诉听众什么?用一句话来回答。在20* Stanford Commencement Speech中，Steve Jobs从头至尾讲了三个故事，但始终围绕主题dont lose sight of your dreams and passions, regardless what happens to you. 他文中的 Your time is limited, so dont waste it living someone elses life. Stay hungry. Stay foolish. 强调主题，掷地有声。正如Chris Anderson (curator of TED Talks) 所说的： Pick one idea, and make it the through-line running through your entire talk, so that everything you say links back to it in some way.没有主题或主题不明确的演讲是缺少灵魂的，很快就被听众遗忘了。没有人爱看一篇流水账般的文章，同样, 也没有人愿意听流水账般的演讲。2. 结构清晰 (well-organized structure)文章的结构是常被人忽略的东西，但结构对演讲来说实在太要了。在读文章时，如果读者第一遍没看明白，可以翻回去再看，但听演讲时不行，说过及过，听众没有跟上你所讲的内容，就没办法再弄明白了。逻辑清晰，层次分明的结构可以便于听众按照演讲者的思路一步一步的理解内容。首先，要有清晰的introduction, body, 和conclusion (引言，主体，结论)。这是演讲内容的三要素。引言主要为了吸引听众和引入主题，主体是演讲的主要部分，包括具体论点(main points)和论据 (supporting material/evidence)。结论部分让演讲自然结束并激发听众去思考和回味。其次，主体部分的论点论据要有逻辑性，环环相扣，而不是单纯的把有关资料，数据，想法等罗列出来，像一盘散沙。常用的主体大纲有按照主题(topical),时间(chronological)，方位(spatial)， 提出问题-解决问题(problem-solution), 等。我不提倡演讲稿拘泥于这几种大纲类型，演讲者根据自己的内容组织大纲。切记东一句西一句，不讲条理。再有就是做好内容之间的过渡(transition)。Transition让演讲显得更加流畅，让各种内容之间自然过渡，不显唐突。Transition没有想的那么容易。我听过有人在演讲中说了很多then 或 but 既重复又枯燥。想想还有没别的方法来表示递进或转折?3. Show, Dont Tell几乎所有的creative writing 教材和课程都会强调 “show, dont tell.”比如，我可以Tell: The morning was beautiful.我也可以Show：As the sun rose, the morning dew glistened off the grass. The cool breeze whispered through trees. A hummingbird flew by my window, chirping a gentle lovely song.前者平铺直叙，非常泛泛。而后者描述画面，从视觉(dew glistened off the grass)，触觉(cool breeze)和听觉(whispered through the trees; chirping a gentle lovely song)来表现出早上之美。文学作品中show而不tell的例子很多，以后可以单独细说。演讲也讲究show, not tell, 将听众带入演讲者表达的意境中，产生共鸣。在I Have a Dream” 中, Martin Luther King, Jr. 没有单纯地重复 I have a dream of equal rights之类的话，而是描述了他梦想中的种族平等时的各个具体的场景：“I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”在演讲中的“show, dont tell” 还包括讲述引人入胜的故事，列举生动的例子。Simon Sinek 的TED Talk “How great leaders inspire action”用了很多例子，而且都是关于大家很熟悉的公司的例子如Apple, Dell等。这些例子自然而充分的展示了他的演讲主题。让一个本来可能显得抽象的model简单化，而且一直吸引着听众。不知不觉，又写的有点儿长了，希望大家没觉得枯燥。归总一句话：演讲绝不仅是台上滔滔不绝，更要言之有物，条理清晰。My fellow citizens:我的同胞们：I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.今天我站在这里，看到眼前面临的重大任务，深感卑微。我感谢你们对我的信任，也知道先辈们为了这个国家所作的牺牲。我要感谢布什总统为国家做出的贡献，以及感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给与的慷慨协作。Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.迄今为止，已经有*X个美国总统宣誓就职。总统的宣誓有时面对的是国家的和平繁荣，但通常面临的是乌云密布的紧张形势。在紧张的形势中，支持美国前进的不仅仅是领导人的能力和远见，也在于美国人民对国家先驱者理想的信仰，以及对美国立国文件的忠诚。So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.前辈们如此，我们这一代美国人也要如此。That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our healthcare is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.现在我们都深知，我们身处危机之中。我们的国家在战斗，对手是影响深远的暴力和憎恨;国家的经济也受到严重的削弱，原因虽有一些人的贪婪和不负责任，但更为重要的是我们作为一个整体在一些重大问题上决策失误，同时也未能做好应对新时代的准备。我们的人民正在失去家园，失去工作，很多企业倒闭。社会的医疗过于昂贵、学校教育让许多人失望，而且每天都会有新的证据显示，我们利用能源的方式助长了我们的敌对势力，同时也威胁着我们的星球。These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that Americas decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.统计数据的指标传达着危机的消息。危机难以测量，但更难以测量的是其对美国人国家自信的侵蚀-现在一种认为美国衰落不可避免，我们的下一代必须低调的言论正在吞噬着人们的自信。Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.今天我要说，我们的确面临着很多严峻的挑战，而且在短期内不大可能轻易解决