语言学 概念功能ppt课件

.,MetafunctionsIdeationalfunction概念功能,.,2,Metafunctions元功能(differentmodesofmeaningconstruedbythegrammar),Metafunctions-,.,IdeationalFunction（概念功能),Theideationalfunction(“experiential”and“logical”)istoconveynewinformation,tocommunicateacontentthatisunknowntothehearer.Theideationalfunctionisameaningpotential,becausewhateverspecificuseoneismakingoflanguagehehastoreferacategoriesofhisexperienceoftheworld.,.,Theideationalfunctionmainlyconsistsof“transitivity”and“voice”.Transitivityissimplythegrammaroftheclauseinitsideationalaspect.Therearesixdifferenttypesofprocessesrepresentedinlanguage:Materialprocess物质过程Mentalprocess心理过程Relationalprocess关系过程Verbalprocess言语过程Behavioralprocess行为过程Existentialprocess存在过程,.,Materialprocess物质过程,Materialprocessarethoseinwhichsomethingisdone.ExpressedbyAnactionverb(e.g.Beat,break,kick)Anactor(logicalsubject)Thegoaloftheaction(logicaldirectobject)E.gThelioncaughtthetouristActorProcessGoal,.,Mentalprocess心理过程,Mentalprocessesareprocessesexpressingsuchmentalphenomenaas“perception”(e.g.see,look),“reaction”(e.g.like,please),andcognition(e.g.know,believe).Involvestwoparticipants:Senserphenomena,.,E.g.,Perception(感知)JohnsawthemurdererSensorprocessphenomenaReaction(反应)MysisterlikestheskirtSensorprocessphenomenaCognition(认知)IknowthatshewasabsentSensorprocessphenomena,.,Relationalprocess关系过程,Relationalprocesscanbeclassifiedintotwotypes:AttributiveandIdentifying.Attributiveisaboutwhatattributesacertainobjecthas,orwhattypeitbelongsto.Expressedby:Attributethequality,CarriertheentityE.g.Todaysweatherisgoingtobewarm.CarrierprocessAttribute,.,Identifyingexpressestheidenticalpropertiesoftwoentities,whichmeansoneentityisbeingusedtoidentifyanother.Andusuallyarereversible.,ExpressedbyIdentifiedandIdentifier.(ortokenandvalue)E.g.Johnisourmonitor.IdentifiedprocessIdentifierTokenprocessValue,.,Verbalprocess言语过程,Verbalprocessarethoseofexchangeinformation.Commonlyusedverbsare:Say,tell,talk,praise,boast,describe,etc.ThemainparticipantsareSayer,Receiver,andVerbiageE.g.Mywatchsaysthatistenoclock.SayerVerbiageSheasksmetogetupearlierSayerReceiverVerbiage,.,Behavioralprocess行为过程,Behavioralprocessesrefertophysiologicalandpsychologicalbehaviorsuchasbreathing,coughing,smiling,laughing,crying,staring,anddreaming,etc.Generallyonlyoneparticipant,Behaver,oftenahuman.DistinguishedfromMaterialprocess:Onlyoneparticipant:whethertheactivityconcernedisphysiologicalorpsychological.Twoparticipants,takeitasmaterialprocess.E.g.HeisalwaysgrumblingBehaver,.,Existentialprocess存在过程,Existentialprocesses